Energy drink consumption pattern and the effect of consumption on university students’ blood pressure and heart rate

Abstract Energy drink (ED) consumption, even mixed with alcohol, is popular among adolescents and young adults. The side effects of ED are attributed to their active ingredients and their cumulated effect. A cross-sectional study to identify university students’ ED consumption habit was realized. A small sample size (n = 10) experiment examining the effect of ED consumption on arterial blood pressure and heart rate was carried out. From the total number of 240 interviewed students, 87.1% consumed ED at least once, and one third of them did so on a monthly basis. Students consume energy drinks mainly for its taste, very rarely for studying. Differences in consumption place preferences were observed between sexes, females preferring bars, while males the dormitory. We have demonstrated the increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for one type of energy drink in young and healthy volunteer students. Other changes in blood pressure and heart rate were not observed.

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Metabolic Syndrome in Bipolar Illness: Patient Concepts and Screening Effectivity

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70814-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

D. Guerreiro ◽

R. Navarro ◽

D. Telles ◽

M. Carvalho ◽

P. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Small Sample ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abdominal Perimeter ◽

Bipolar Patients

Introduction:Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is constituted by a set of specific metabolic alterations being postulated that the main dysfunction is insulin resistance. Estimates point to higher prevalence of MS in bipolar patients, between 30 to 35%. Cost-effective screening methods, not recurring to blood test, have been researched.Objectives:Analyse knowledge and importance given to MS in bipolar patients. Test the viability of MS screening without blood tests.Methodology:Observational, cross-sectional study. Random sample of 15 adult bipolar patients, in euthymic phase. Semi-structured interview, YMRS, HAMD were applied. MS diagnosis investigated according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. MS screening was defined positive if blood pressure ≥ 130/85 or anti-hypertensive medication and abdominal perimeter > 90 in males or > 80 in females. A questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes and concerns on MS was applied.Main results:14 patients completed the investigation protocol. Five (36%) met IDF criteria for metabolic syndrome. Screening sensitivity was 80% and specificity 78%. Twelve patients (80%) were overweigh or obese. Mean IMC in patients that met IDF criteria for MS was 30 while in the other group mean IMC was 26. Only 3 (20%) have ever heard about MS, but the majority of the patients were concerned, in decreasing order, about weight gain, blood pressure cholesterol and hyperglycemia control.Conclusions:Although limited by small sample size, this study strengthens the idea that MS screening can be effective in clinical practice, it also indicates the need to educate BP patients about MS and to prevent overweight.

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Consumption of energy drink and associated factors

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-02-2019-0042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 131-142

Author(s):

Towhid Hasan ◽

Marjia Sultana ◽

Lincon Chandra Shill ◽

Sara Sultana

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Health ◽

Content Type ◽

Study Results

Purpose Energy drink (ED) consumption has become a common trend, especially among the youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was undertaken to assess the ED consumption pattern among the university students and investigate the independent predictors for their preference of such drinks. Design/methodology/approach It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 323 students from various departments of Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Findings Among students, about 57 per cent were male, and mostly between 21-23 years. About 31 per cent of the students had never consumed ED, while 69 per cent had consumed such drinks at least once in their lifetime. Only 31.4 per cent of the ever consumer had knowledge of its components, and 14.3 per cent of them did not know the negative effects of ED. Bivariate analysis identified the variables that were significantly associated with students’ consumption of ED. Taking the significant factors into a multivariate model, the risks of ED consumption were male gender (OR = 3.82; 95 per cent CI = 2.24 − 6.52), longer study duration in university (OR = 1.02; 95 per cent CI = 1.00 − 1.03) and doing regular physical activity (OR = 1.69; 95 per cent CI = 1.04 − 2.75). Originality/value High consumption of ED among university students is evident, yet their perception regarding components and potential health hazards of such drinks is opaque. This study results suggest the necessity of formulating policy and intervention strategies concentrating on the predictors of ED consumption to promote consciousness about ingredients and related health effects of ED among students of all levels in Bangladesh and other countries as well.

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Validating the Factor Structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale–Short Form Spanish Version Among Healthcare Students

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000728 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres ◽

Paola Carminelli-Corretjer ◽

Nelmit Tollinchi-Natali ◽

Ernesto Rosario-Hernández ◽

Yovanska Duarté-Vélez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Short Form ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Students ◽

Spanish Speaking

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013 ). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students ( N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013) . Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations.

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The Role of Dopamine Receptor D2 in Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap in Sport Participation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2379

Author(s):

Seiyeong Park ◽

Junhye Kwon ◽

Chiyoung Ahn ◽

Hae-Sung Cho ◽

Hyo Youl Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Dopamine Receptor ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Behavioral Model ◽

Small Sample ◽

Male Students ◽

Future Research ◽

Dopamine Receptor D2 ◽

The Impact

Previous studies have identified that a behavior can occur through the strongest predictor intention, but there is a gap between intention and behavior. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is known to account for a variance in sporting behaviors in human and animal subjects. However, the relationship between DRD2 and sport participation has been poorly studied, and the limited available reports are inconsistent. The present study was performed to examine the impact of DRD2 on sport participation among Korean university students based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Data were collected from enrolled university students in Seoul (N = 45). Participants answered survey questions first, and then they gave investigators their hair to provide DNA information (i.e., the A1 allele of DRD2). DRD2 had a significant effect on sport participation, but only in male students. Male students who carried the A1 allele of DRD2 significantly participated in 105.10 min more sporting activities than male students who did not. Moreover, the effect of intention on sport participation was significantly decreased when considering DRD2. Despite the small sample size, the results of this study could be a preliminary case for a larger study and indicate the direction of future research. Our results suggest that DRD2 may have played an important role as the “actual skill” shown in the IBM.

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Cardiovascular health indicators in soccer exercise during adolescence: systematic review

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2020-0301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Heloyse Elaine Gimenes Nunes ◽

Evelinn Amarilha Faria ◽

Paula Felippe Martinez ◽

Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Júnior

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Longitudinal Design ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Institute

Abstract This review analyzed the studies that evaluated cardiovascular health indicators (blood pressure, waist circumference, heart rate, glucose index and lipid blood) in recreational soccer players during adolescence, and identify possible associated factors. The search was performed in the electronic databases (PubMED, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science). Inclusion criteria were: population composed of children and/or adolescents (10–19 years or average age up to 19 years); studies adolescents engaged in recreational soccer regularly and observational studies with cross-sectional or longitudinal design. The process of analysis of studies involved reading titles, abstracts and full texts. After these phases, seven articles were eligible. Regarding the design, all studies were cross-sectional. Of the total studies included, five presented moderate methodological quality values and two presented low methodological quality values, according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute instrument. The most cardiovascular health indicators used in recreational soccer players during adolescence was waist circumference; three studies analyzed heart rate, two evaluated blood pressure, one analyzed insulin resistance and none of the included studies analyzed lipid profile. Factors associated were analyzed in four studies, being that sedentary time and body mass index (BMI) present association with at least one indicator of cardiovascular health.

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Cardiovascular Responses to Muscle Stretching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1312-7131 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ewan Thomas ◽

Marianna Bellafiore ◽

Ambra Gentile ◽

Antonio Paoli ◽

Antonio Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Qualitative Description ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quantitative Synthesis

AbstractThe aim of this study will be to review the current body of literature to understand the effects of stretching on the responses of the cardiovascular system. A literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM Pubmed and ScienceDirect. Studies regarding the effects of stretching on responses of the cardiovascular system were investigated. Outcomes regarded heart rate(HR), blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV of which baPWV for brachial-ankle and cfPWV for carotid-femoral waveforms), heart rate variability and endothelial vascular function. Subsequently, the effects of each outcome were quantitatively synthetized using meta-analytic synthesis with random-effect models. A total of 16 studies were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis. Groups were also stratified according to cross-sectional or longitudinal stretching interventions. Quality assessment through the NHLBI tools observed a “fair-to-good” quality of the studies. The meta-analytic synthesis showed a significant effect of d=0.38 concerning HR, d=2.04 regarding baPWV and d=0.46 for cfPWV. Stretching significantly reduces arterial stiffness and HR. The qualitative description of the studies was also supported by the meta-analytic synthesis. No adverse effects were reported, after stretching, in patients affected by cardiovascular disease on blood pressure. There is a lack of studies regarding vascular adaptations to stretching.

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A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Effects of Age and Duration of HIV Infection on Anxiety and Depression in Cisgender Men

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03373-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Gianella ◽

Rowan Saloner ◽

Genevieve Curtin ◽

Susan J. Little ◽

Anne Heaton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Small Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results

AbstractThis observational cross-sectional study of 152 people with HIV (PWH) examined the effects of age and estimated duration of HIV infection (EDI) on depressive and anxiety symptoms. All participants were cisgender men and completed the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a self-report inventory of current (i.e., past week) mood states. Overall, study results confirmed higher levels of anxiety and depression in PWH compared to individuals without HIV. Age group (< 50 or ≥ 50 years) moderated the effect of EDI (< 3 or ≥ 3 years) on mood disturbance. Specifically, younger PWH with early diagnosed infection exhibited the highest levels of depression and anxiety, whereas depression and anxiety were attenuated in older PWH with early infection such that their POMS scores did not significantly differ from the HIV-negative and chronically HIV-infected groups. Despite the small sample size and other important limitations in our study design, our preliminary findings confirm previous observations that older people may have some adaptive ability to better handle the acute psychological stressors associated with recent HIV infection.

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Perceptions and Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Technology in Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 DM: A Pilot Survey from Pakistan

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/19322968211011199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193229682110111

Author(s):

Sarah Nadeem ◽

Uswah Siddiqi ◽

Russell Seth Martins ◽

Kaleemullah Badini

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Diabetes Care ◽

Online Survey ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Small Sample ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Patient

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus technology (DMT) is increasingly used for routine management in developed countries, yet its uptake in developing countries is not as consistent. Multiple factors may influence this, including country specific patient perception regarding DMT. We conducted a pilot study in Pakistan to understand this important question which has not been studied yet. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in Pakistan. An anonymous survey exploring perceptions of diabetes technology was circulated on social media platforms, collecting responses over 2 weeks. Target population included adults (≥18 years) living in Pakistan, with DM1 or 2. Results: A total of 40 responses were received. The majority (36/40) reported using conventional glucometers. Nine used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Thirty-two of 40 patients believed DMT improved diabetes care, 22 felt it helped decreased risk of Diabetes-related complications. 15/40 stated that DMT results in increased cost of care. Sixteen reported their diabetes care teams had never discussed wearable DMT options whereas 11 disliked them because they did not want a device on their self. Conclusion: In our pilot study we have identified broad themes of opportunity and challenges to DMT use in Pakistan. Patients’ perceptions regarding DMT were generally positive but significant barriers to its acceptance included high cost, lack of discussion between doctor and patient about available technology and personal hesitation. Limitations of our study include sampling bias (online survey) and small sample size, but this data can help inform larger studies, to look at this important topic in greater detail.

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Blood pressure and resting heart rate in 3-17-year-olds in Germany in 2003–2006 and 2014–2017

Journal of Human Hypertension ◽

10.1038/s41371-021-00535-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giselle Sarganas ◽

Anja Schienkiewitz ◽

Jonas D. Finger ◽

Hannelore K. Neuhauser

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Selection Rule ◽

Age Groups ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Examination ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Analysis Measurement

AbstractTo track blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (RHR) in children and adolescents is important due to its associations with cardiovascular outcomes in the adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine BP and RHR over a decade among children and adolescents living in Germany using national examination data. Cross-sectional data from 3- to 17-year-old national survey participants (KiGGS 2003–06, n = 14,701; KiGGS 2014–17, n = 3509) including standardized oscillometric BP and RHR were used for age- and sex-standardized analysis. Measurement protocols were identical with the exception of the cuff selection rule, which was accounted for in the analyses. Different BP and RHR trends were observed according to age-groups. In 3- to 6-year-olds adjusted mean SBP and DBP were significantly higher in 2014–2017 compared to 2003–2006 (+2.4 and +1.9 mm Hg, respectively), while RHR was statistically significantly lower by −3.8 bpm. No significant changes in BP or in RHR were observed in 7- to 10-year-olds over time. In 11- to 13-year-olds as well as in 14- to 17-year-olds lower BP has been observed (SBP −2.4 and −3.2 mm Hg, respectively, and DBP −1.8 and −1.7 mm Hg), while RHR was significantly higher (+2.7 and +3.7 bpm). BP trends did not parallel RHR trends. The downward BP trend in adolescents seemed to follow decreasing adult BP trends in middle and high-income countries. The increase in BP in younger children needs confirmation from other studies as well as further investigation. In school-aged children and adolescents, the increased RHR trend may indicate decreased physical fitness.

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