scholarly journals The increase in urinary serotonin and decrease in salivary cortisol concentrations following direct inhalations of concentrated essential oils is not induced by non-specific effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Rainer Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Urine Excretion ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cortisol Release ◽  
Fast Acting

Abstract Objectives. The effectiveness of exogenously triggered serotonin (e.g., dietary supplements, drugs) increase is varied. However, since urinary serotonin concentrations were found to correlate with those in the cerebrospinal fluid, the olfactory system might be an efficient and testable pathway to quickly elevate serotonin levels due to its fast-acting central neurophysiological and peripheral pathways. However, little research has been devoted to investigate this assumption. This paper extends previous findings of parasympathetic activation of a specially designed essential oil inhaler (AromaStick® Balance) by experimentally testing its impact on urine serotonin and saliva cortisol excretion. Method. Two experiments involving healthy individuals were conducted to test the efficacy of essential oil application to the nose by employing different inhalation protocols and control conditions. Results. In the pilot study (n=8), serotonin urine excretion was increased after six inhalations (effect size Cohen’s d=0.7). In the second experiment (n=80), inhalations proved superior to both the natural control condition and the pseudo placebo condition after three and six inhalation cycles (0.6<d<1.8). In addition, there was a large reduction of cortisol saliva levels after three inhalations (d=0.9). Conclusion. Short and deep inhalations of essential oil scents directly delivered to the olfac-tory system appear to result in an enhanced serotonin and a reduced cortisol release in healthy individuals of both sexes.

Effect of aromatherapy massage with orange essential oil on postoperative pain after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini ◽  
Ali Abbasi ◽  
Nastaran Norouzi ◽  
Fatemeh Mobaraki ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Orange Essential Oil

Abstract Objectives Many women in recent years have been willing to undergo puncture surgery for childbirth, which, like other surgeries, has physical and psychological side effects such as incision, infertility, chronic pain, and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to reduce and improve these side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage with orange essential oil on pain and anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section. Methods This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 80 women referred to Bahar Shahroud Hospital after cesarean section surgery. The samples were divided into two groups by intervention (foot massage with orange essential oil) and control (foot massage without orange essential oil). The Spielberger scale was used to determine anxiety scores after cesarean section. In the intervention group, the feet were massaged with orange essential oil, and in the control group, the orange essential oil massage was performed without oil. Anxiety before, immediately after, and 60 min after the intervention was measured and evaluated in both groups. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant levels were considered for all statistical tests (p<0.05). Results The anxiety score before the intervention in the two groups of intervention and control was 57.12 ± 3.12 and 57.07 ± 3.54, respectively, which were not significantly different, but immediately after the intervention, the anxiety scores in both groups decreased significantly so that there was a further decrease in the intervention group (52.10 ± 4.75 and 56.02 ± 3.77), 1 h after the intervention, the anxiety score in the intervention group decreased compared to the previous stage and increased in the control group (50.40 ± 3.74 and 56.85 ± 4.27). Conclusions Foot massage with orange essential oil can probably be effective as a proper nursing intervention in reducing anxiety after cesarean section surgery.

scholarly journals Investigation of thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of brown adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Christakis Costa ◽  
Joaquim Miguel Maia ◽  
Marcos Leal Brioschi ◽  
José Eduardo de Melo Mafra Machado
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis exploratory retrospective study aims to investigate the thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of patients with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of the brown adipose tissue (BAT). A total of 166 individuals from 1000 thermographic electronic medical records were classified into four groups: Group HP + FM-50 individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia; Group FM-56 individuals with fibromyalgia only; Group HP-30 individuals with hypothyroidism only, and Group Control-30 healthy individuals. The thermal images from the electronic medical records were acquired by a FLIR T650SC infrared camera (used for thermometry) and the temperature data for each group were statistically analyzed. Group HP + FM showed r = 0, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT are independent of each other. Groups FM, HP and Control showed r = 1, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT were directly related. Our findings showed that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT regions are similar. Also, there was no correlation between thyroid gland temperature and the presence of hypothyroidism or fibromyalgia using thermometry.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Decontamination Effects of Ozone Gas on Microbial Load and Essential Oil of Several Medicinal Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh VALI ASILL ◽  
Majid AZIZI ◽  
Maasome BAHREINI ◽  
Hossein AROUIEE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
And Control

Today, Ozone as a disinfectant method, without putting on the harmful effects on human and plant products, it is alternative common methods for disinfection of plant material. The research as a factorial experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications and the effects of Ozone gas on decreasing the microbial load of some important medicinal plants include: Peppermint (Mentha piperita), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis), Indian valerian(Valeriana wallichii), Meliss (Melissa officinalis) and Iranian thyme (Zataria multiflora) were investigated. Medicinal plants leaves were treated with Ozone gas concentration 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ml/L at times of 10 and 30 then total count, coliform and mold and yeast of the samples were studied. The result showed that Ozone gas decreases microbial load of medicinal plants samples. But Ozone gas and Ozone gas in medicinal plants interaction effect had no effect on essential oil content. The lowest and the highest of microbial load were detected in samples treated with concentration of 0.9 ml/L of Ozone gas and control respectively. The highest and the lowest of microbial load were observed in Iranian thyme and Indian valerian respectively. Also result showed that Ozone gas treatment for 30 min had the greatest of effect in reducing the microbial load and 0.9 ml/L Ozone gas concentration had the lowest of microbial load. Results of this survey reflect that the use of Ozone as a method of disinfection for medicinal plants is a decontamination.

Effects of an External Nasal Dilator on Athletic Performance of Male Adolescents

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan J. Macfarlane ◽  
Stanley K. K. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
And Control ◽  
Breathing Effort

This study examined the effect of an external nasal dilator strip (ENDS) on three field tests of maximal performance and monitored the rating of perceived breathing effort (RPBE). Thirty male Chinese students (age 15.2 ± 1.6 yrs) performed three maximal field tests: (a) short-term anaerobic power (SAnP: 40-m sprint); (b) long-term anaerobic power (LAnP: shuttle sprint); and (c) peak aerobic performance (AeP: multistage 20-m shuttle run) under three conditions: ENDS, placebo, and control. Students were randomly placed into 6 groups using a fully counterbalanced single-blind design. No significant differences were seen between conditions in the anaerobic performances measured by SAnP and LAnP. However, the ENDS produced a significant improvement in peak aerobic performance (p = 0.037) compared to the control condition of 3.2% (95 %CI = 6.2-0.2; Cohen effect size = 0.2), and also compared to the placebo condition (p = 0.018) of 2.9% (95% CI = 5.1-0.2; Cohen effect size = 0.2). The ENDS condition also significantly reduced RPBE during the AeP and LAnP tests by an average of 5.5% and 3.8%, respectively. Wearing an external nasal dilator can significantly reduce breathing effort and improve peak aerobic performance during field tests involving maximal running. Key words: performance enhancement, nasal strip, oronasal ventilation, perceived breathing effort

Oral microbial colonization in patients with systemic lupus erythematous: correlation with treatment and disease activity

Lupus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
EAF de Araújo Navas ◽  
EI Sato ◽  
DFA Pereira ◽  
GN Back-Brito ◽  
JA Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
And Control

Treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs may interfere in the presence of potentially opportunistic microorganisms in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Candida spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp. in the oral cavity of SLE patients, compared with healthy controls. A group of 40 patients who had received therapy for at least 60 days was selected (19–53 years). For the control group, 40 healthy individuals matched for age, gender and use of partial prosthesis were selected. Oral rinse samples were collected and plated on specific culture media. After incubation, the number of colony forming units (CFU) was obtained and the isolates were identified at species level. Microbial counts were compared between SLE and control by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann–Whitney ( p < 0.05 significant). Microorganism counts in patients with and without immunosuppressive drugs, as well with active and inactive disease (according to SLEDAI score) were also compared. No significant differences in CFU/mL between SLE and control patients were observed (yeasts, p = 0.55; Staphylococci, p = 0.24; Enterobacteria/ Pseudomonas spp., p = 0.26). No differences in microbial counts were observed regarding clinical parameters tested. The most frequent species isolated in the SLE group were Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella oxytoca. In conclusion, no differences in frequency and microorganism levels were found between SLE patients and healthy individuals.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Strategy Training on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Endurance Runners: A Three-Month Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Samadi ◽  
Behnam Maleki ◽  
Mohammad Sohbatiha
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
And Control

Background: Exposure of the athlete to stressful situations in addition to physiological effects will cause the person to feel excited in response to those situations and these changes may have dangerous consequences. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based intervention on cognitive-emotional regulation strategies and salivary cortisol levels in endurance runners with a three-month follow-up. Methods: The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest follow up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all beginner endurance runners with age range 16-18 who were voluntarily invited to participate in this research. Twenty-four male beginner runners (mean aged 17.08 ± 0.64 years and athletic background 7.7 ± 1.6 month) were divided into two groups of Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) and control. The intervention protocol of the experimental group consisted of six sessions of mindfulness training and daily homework assignments that were performed under the researcher's supervision and with the help of a qualified clinical psychologist. Salivary Cortisol Kit (SCK) with sensitivity 0.05 μg/dl was used to measure stress and the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to assess cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. Results: The results showed a significant difference in cortisol levels, suppression, and reappraisal, between the MBI and control groups in posttest and follow-up steps. The findings showed that salivary cortisol concentration in the MBI group was reduced from pretest (1.09 ± 0.16) to posttest (0.76 ± 0.15) and follow-up (0.72 ± 0.07). Also, the suppression component in the MBI group was reduced from pretest (21.40 ± 1.64) to posttest (15.10 ± 1) and follow-up (16 ± 1.15) and increased the reappraisal component from pretest (22.40 ± 1.17) to posttest (29.10 ± 2.37) and follow up (27.70 ± 2.21) (P value = 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings showed that MBI reduced salivary cortisol concentration and suppression component, while increased the reappraisal component of emotion regulation. The findings suggest that MBI can be used as a new promising method on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and salivary cortisol levels in endurance runners.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Psychological Workshops for Coaches on Well-Being and Psychomotor Performance of Children Practicing Football and Gymnastics

2021 ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Dominika Wilczyńska ◽  
Anna Łysak-Radomska ◽  
Magdalena Podczarska-Głowacka ◽  
Wojciech Skrobot ◽  
Katarzyna Krasowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

Coach workshops based on seven principles (inspiration, explanation, expectation, support, reward, appreciation, growth and winning) enhance the sport experience of adult athletes. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of such workshops with coaches of child athletes. Study participants were coaches of 57 9- to 12-year old girls (practicing gymnastics) and boys (practicing football). Three coaches of 28 children attended three workshops over 12 weeks, while a control group of 5 coaches of 29 children attended no workshops. Measures of well-being and psychomotor performance were taken on the children before and after the intervention; differences in mean changes between intervention and control groups were adjusted for baseline, standardized, and assessed with a conservative magnitude-based decision method. There were clear substantial effects of the workshop on motivation averaged across several dimensions (girls, large, most likely beneficial), on a decision test (boys, small-moderate, very likely beneficial), on state anxiety self-reflection (girls, moderate, likely harmful), and on reaction time (boys, small, possibly harmful). The beneficial effects of the workshop in this pilot study are encouraging, but the unclear and potentially harmful effects and the roles of presenter- and coach-specific effects need to be investigated further with a representative sample of coaches and more children before the workshop is recommended for implementation.

scholarly journals Roll on Aromaterapy Formula Activity Test Essential Oil Syzygium aromaticum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Ariyanti Ariyanti ◽  
Eni Masruriati ◽  
Mazikhatul Azka ◽  
Arini Asna Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Calming Effect ◽  
And Control

Syzygium aromaticum L. is a plant that contains essential oils. The essential oil of the clove plant is produced from the distillation of Syzygium aromaticum L.s, stalks, and leaves. The components of Syzygium aromaticum L. content are eugenol, eugenol acetate and cariophylene. The specifications of each part of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum L. (21.3%), eugenol (78-95%) using the Soxhlet method were about 47.57%. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and effectiveness of the roll on formulation of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil. This study was experimental with the experimental design used was the posttest only controlled group. The research object was divided into two groups of treatment and control. The results showed that the roll on formulation of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil had a calming effect on mice. The most effective roll on formulation of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil is 7% concentration.

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