scholarly journals Effects of Tetracycline on Ruminal Activity and Blood Calcium in Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
P. Mudroň
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Tetracycline Treatment ◽  
Ruminal Contractions

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the effects of tetracycline administration on the frequency of ruminal contractions and serum calcium concentrations. Rumen contractions were monitored by auscultation in 23 sheep prior to the administration of oxytetracycline and recorded every 12 hours for 84 hours after the intramuscular injection of the antibiotic. The blood for calcium analyses was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein before and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the administration of oxytetracycline. The serum calcium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the time effect of tetracycline treatment on the rumen contractions and serum calcium concentrations. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in ruminal contractions following the application of oxytetracycline, with a maximum decrease at 24 hours following oxytetracycline application and a return to the initial rumen contraction frequency by 60—72 hours following the oxytetracycline application. The oxytetracycline administration resulted in a serum calcium decrease from 2.42 mmol.l–1 to 2.26 mmol.l–1 24 hours after the administration (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the administration of tetracycline in sheep can be associated with a decline in ruminal motility potentially causing production losses, particularly in lactating ewes. Despite the resulting transient production decreases, oxytetracycline remains the antibiotic drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial infections in small ruminants, including foot rot especially.

scholarly journals Polyvinyl Chloride Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes for Sensitive Determination of Levofloxacin Drug in Serum, Urine, and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3150
Author(s):  
Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem ◽  
Sonia Mahmoud ◽  
Nour Eldin T. Abdel-Ghani ◽  
Rasha Mohamed El Nashar ◽  
Mikhael Bechelany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Selectivity Coefficient ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Antibiotic Drug

Levofloxacin (LF) is a medically important antibiotic drug that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. In this study, three highly sensitive and selective carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) were fabricated for potentiometric determination of the LF drug: (i) CPEs filled with carbon paste (referred to as CPE); (ii) CPE coated (drop-casted) with ion-selective PVC membrane (referred to as C-CPE); (iii) CPE filled with carbon paste modified with a plasticizer (PVC/cyclohexanone) (referenced as P-CPE). The CPE was formulated from graphite (Gr, 44.0%) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO, 3.0%) as the carbon source, tricresyl phosphate (TCP, 47.0%) as the plasticizer; sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (St-TFPMB, 1.0%) as the ion exchanger; and levofloxacinium-tetraphenylborate (LF-TPB, 5.0%) as the lipophilic ion pair. It showed a sub-Nernstian slope of 49.3 mV decade−1 within the LF concentration range 1.0 × 10−2 M to 1.0 × 10−5 M, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−5 M. The PVC coated electrode (C-CPE) showed improved sensitivity (in terms of slope, equal to 50.2 mV decade−1) compared to CPEs. After the incorporation of PVC paste on the modified CPE (P-CPE), the sensitivity increased at 53.5 mV decade−1, indicating such improvement. The selectivity coefficient (log KLF2+,Fe+3pot.) against different interfering species (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Glycine, Glucose, Maltose, Lactose) were significantly improved by one to three orders of magnitudes in the case of C-CPE and P-CPE, compared to CPEs. The modification with the PVC membrane coating significantly improved the response time and solubility of the LF-TPB within the electrode matrix and increased the lifetime. The constructed sensors were successfully applied for LF determination in pharmaceutical preparation (Levoxin® 500 mg), spiked urine, and serum samples with high accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Effect of the first and second postpartum partial milking on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
E.G. Salgado-Hernández ◽  
A. Aparicio-Cecilio ◽  
F.H. Velásquez-Forero ◽  
D.A. Castillo-Mata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Parturient paresis and subclinical hypocalcemia are frequent metabolic disorders in dairy cows postpartum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum partial milking in the first two milkings on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomized into two groups. Cows of group 1 (n = 10) were partially milked at the first and second milking postpartum. Cows of group 2 (n = 10) were completely milked. Blood samples were collected from all animals 5&ndash;7 days before calving, within 30 min after calving, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 h after calving for determination of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Colostrum production was registered and sampled in the first and second milking. Concentration of Ca in colostrum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum Ca and P concentrations decreased in both groups after parturition (P &lt; 0.05) and remained low during 32 h postpartum with no difference observed between groups (P &gt; 0.05). Serum concentrations of Mg were stable in all samples and no statistical difference was observed between groups (P &gt; 0.05). Colostrum production was higher in completely milked cows only in the first postpartum milking (P &lt; 0.05), but there was no difference between groups at the second milking. Total Ca secretion in colostrum was higher in the complete milking group at the first and second postpartum milking. Colostrum Ca secretion increased at the second milking with respect to the first one in both groups (P &lt; 0.05). There was no correlation between serum Ca and colostrum Ca (P &gt; 0.05). In this study, the partial milking of colostrum in the first and second milking postpartum did not prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. &nbsp;

Comparison of Serum Calcium Measurements Obtained with the SMA 12/60 and by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1047-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Raymond Gambino ◽  
Ivelice Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Comparable results are obtained when serum calcium is measured by a colorimetric cresolpthalein method on the Technicon SMA 12/60 and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Instrumentation Laboratory Model 153 instrument), with strontium as an internal standard. Sera from 250 patients with abnormal calcium concentrations, ranging from 4.9 mg/100 ml to 9.0 mg/100 ml, were measured by each method; the difference between the means for each method was only 0.04 mg/100 ml. The standard deviation of the difference between paired results was ±0.16 mg/100 ml. We were unable to discover any effect of drug or disease on the colorimetric assay, which therefore is suitable for use in large-scale surveys. On the other hand, the more precise atomic absorption spectrophotometry is suitable for use as a reference method. In addition, with an internal standard it is fast and simple, making it suitable for emergency assays of calcium 24 h a day.

Bone metabolism and regulation of the blood calcium level in rats

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Bronner ◽  
J. -P. Aubert
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Level ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calcium Resorption ◽  
Blood Calcium Level

Combined kinetic (Ca45) and balance (Ca40) studies of young male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on three different levels of calcium intakes (0.05, 0.5, 1.0% Ca) showed that the blood plasma calcium level, as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, remained constant and invariant over a range of absorption from 4.5 to 83.4 mg Ca/day and that the pool, i.e., all the exchangeable calcium in the body, did not increase with increased absorption. Hence no direct regulatory role can be attributed to the size of the pool. Measurement of the calcium deposition and resorption rates in bone showed that the former changed only little with increasing absorption, whereas the latter decreased nearly linearly under the same conditions. Calcium resorption from bone therefore appears to play the major role in regulating the blood calcium level.

scholarly journals Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
V. A. Lipatov ◽  
S. V. Lazarenko ◽  
D. A. Severinov
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Hemostatic Agents

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of hemostatic materials on concentration of calcium of blood.Materials and methods. The following groups of local hemostatic materials were studied: collagen plate (No. 2), hemostatic sponge from medical gelatin (No. 3), oxidized cellulose material (No. 4), experimental samples of hemostatic sponge developed by the team of authors, based on the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose with various modifications (groups No. 5-8). In the control group (No. 1), only blood of volunteer donors was used, without introducing the test materials. Evaluation of the effect of hemostatic materials on blood calcium concentration was carried out according to the described method: «Method for comparative investigation of the effectiveness of local hemostatic agents in an in vitro experiment» Russian patent No. 2709 517. According to the results of the study, median, 25 and 75 percentiles were calculated. The validity of differences between groups was determined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05).Results. In groups using various materials, such as group No. 2 (Tachocomb) by 0.24 mmol/L and group № 4 (Surgicel Fibrillar) by 0.7 mmol/L, the serum calcium level was statistically significantly lower than the control group. Significant differences of calcium level values after blood immersion of volunteer donor samples based on cellulose derivatives were revealed, namely in group No. 5 (Na-CMC + Tranexamic acid pressed) value exceeds that in group No. 4 by 0.58 mmol/l. In other cases, comparisons of calcium concentration values in groups using experimental samples (not introduced into clinical practice) with material widely used in abdominal surgery (group No. 4) were found to be greater: in group No. 6 (Na-CMC + Tranexamic acid unsaturated) by 0.61 mmol/l, in group No. 7 (Na-CMC pressed) by 0.75 mmol/l, in group No. 8 (Na-CMC unsaturated) by 0.5 mmol/l.Conclusion. It should be noted that although there are no significant differences in the groups using experimental samples of local hemostatic agents and the control group, the calcium levels in groups No. 5-6 are close to those in the groups using widely known materials such as Tachocomb (No. 2) and Gelita-Spon Standart (No. 3). Also, among the samples developed by the authors, the greatest effectiveness was identified in group No. 8 (Na-CMC, unpressed), in which the serum calcium levels (2.14 mmol/L) are lower than in groups No. 5-7.

Antimicrobial innovation: a current update and perspective on the antibiotic drug development pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 2035-2065
Author(s):  
Liam J Stephens ◽  
Melissa V Werrett ◽  
Adam C Sedgwick ◽  
Steven D Bull ◽  
Philip C Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
If Current ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
A Current

As bacteria continue to develop resistance to our existing treatment options, antibiotic innovation remains overlooked. If current trends continue, then we could face the stark reality of a postantibiotic era, whereby routine bacterial infections could once again become deadly. In light of a warning signaled by the WHO, a number of new initiatives have been established in the hope of reinvigorating the antibiotic drug development pipeline. In this perspective, we aim to summarize some of these initiatives and funding options, as well as providing an insight into the predicament that we face. Using clinical trials data, company website information and the most recent press releases, a current update of the antibiotic drug development pipeline is also included.

Application of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Determination of Calcium in Serum

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 869-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Zettner ◽  
David Seligson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was applied to the determination of serum calcium. A special diluent was developed to abolish the effect of absorption depressors. This made possible measurement of calcium in directly diluted serum samples without prior removal of any serum constituents. Values obtained by AAS on calcium oxalate precipitates from serum were identical with those found by the direct dilution technique.

scholarly journals Oral Clindamycin as Drug of Choice for Scabies Patients with Secondary Bacterial Infections in West Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Unwati Sugiri ◽  
Nurhasanah ◽  
Kristina Makarti ◽  
Oki Suwarsa
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
West Java ◽  
Drug Of Choice

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Species in Minced Buffalo Meat of Chitwan, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Ghimire ◽  
Hom Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Lok Raj Joshi ◽  
Maheshwar Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

Vancomycin resistant Enterococci is becoming one of the concerns of public health in recent times. VRE involve those strains of Enterococci that are resistant to the vancomycin which is considered as last drug of choice for the Gram positive bacterial infections. Studies show enterococci to be one of the major food borne diseases and medical consequences of its occurrence in humans. Thus, a cross sectional studywas carried out to determine the prevalence of VRE in buffalo meat in Chitwan. A total of 63 retail minced meat samples were collected from different meat shops. These samples were diluted and cultured and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test. Of 63 samples, 16 (25.39%) samples were positive for the enterococcus species among which 3 (18.15%), were VRE indicating overall prevalence of VRE to be 4.76%.AST reveled that resistance among them was high for penicillin G and amikacin (75%) followed by tetracycline (43.75%), erythromycin (37.5%), vancomycin (18.75%) levofloxacin ( 12%) and methicillin. Even though methicillin revealed no resistance it showed intermediate sensitive to all the samples. Thus, it clarifies the presence of VRE in meat samples suggesting zoonotic disasters that can follow.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11123 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 409-412 

scholarly journals To Study the Association of Total Serum Calcium Level in Assessing the Severity of Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
V. Lingesh Kumar ◽  
Saravanan Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium Level

Background: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the pancreas and may also affect other tissues or distant organ. In this study our aim is to see if blood calcium level can be used as a prognostic marker in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis because hypocalcaemia is linked to higher mortality and hospitalization. Method: A retrospective study was conducted in the medical records department of a tertiary care health facility. A total of 75 participants were included in the research. .demographic details of all patients were collected .Patients above 18 years who presented with of epigastric pain, pre-Diagnosed gallstones, alcoholism were included int this study. The lowest total calcium levels were collected in order to examine total calcium as a predictive factor for severity. All of these information were collected and analyzed to get the appropriate findings. Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the research. The age of patients in each severity grade did not differ significantly (p value>0.05). The gender distribution of the two groups did not differ. (P >0.05). For mild and severe acute pancreatitis, mean total calcium levels were 7.98 and 6.67, respectively, which was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The total serum calcium level is a useful indicator for assessing  pancreatitis.

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