scholarly journals Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Species in Minced Buffalo Meat of Chitwan, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Ghimire ◽  
Hom Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Lok Raj Joshi ◽  
Maheshwar Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

Vancomycin resistant Enterococci is becoming one of the concerns of public health in recent times. VRE involve those strains of Enterococci that are resistant to the vancomycin which is considered as last drug of choice for the Gram positive bacterial infections. Studies show enterococci to be one of the major food borne diseases and medical consequences of its occurrence in humans. Thus, a cross sectional studywas carried out to determine the prevalence of VRE in buffalo meat in Chitwan. A total of 63 retail minced meat samples were collected from different meat shops. These samples were diluted and cultured and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test. Of 63 samples, 16 (25.39%) samples were positive for the enterococcus species among which 3 (18.15%), were VRE indicating overall prevalence of VRE to be 4.76%.AST reveled that resistance among them was high for penicillin G and amikacin (75%) followed by tetracycline (43.75%), erythromycin (37.5%), vancomycin (18.75%) levofloxacin ( 12%) and methicillin. Even though methicillin revealed no resistance it showed intermediate sensitive to all the samples. Thus, it clarifies the presence of VRE in meat samples suggesting zoonotic disasters that can follow.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11123 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 409-412 

scholarly journals A Japanese traditional medicine Hochuekkito promotes negative conversion of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Kohno ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kawamura ◽  
Akiko Kikuchi ◽  
Tetsuya Akaishi ◽  
Shin Takayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Kampo Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Japanese Traditional Medicine ◽  
Negative Conversion

AbstractVancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are prominent causes of nosocomial infections. Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine promotes intestinal immunity and protects against bacterial infections. We assessed potential differences in the clinical course of VRE-positive patients, based on their characteristics and treatment with Kampo medicines. This retrospective observational study collected data from VRE-positive patients from August 2018 to July 2019 at a tertiary-care hospital in Japan. The data of 122 consecutive VRE-positive inpatients were analyzed. Sixty-nine patients were treated with probiotics, among whom, 18 were further treated with Kampo medicines. Twenty-six of the 122 patients subsequently died. In univariate analyses, subsequent VRE negative conversion significantly reduced the mortality of VRE-detected patients (p = .0003). Administration of probiotics (p = .0065) and Kampo medicines with probiotics (p = .0002), especially of the Kampo medicine hochuekkito (p = .0014), and a higher serum albumin level positively contributed to the subsequent VRE negative conversion. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that Kampo medicines and body mass index contributed to VRE negative conversion. Hochuekkito shortened the time needed for VRE negative conversion (p = 0.0485). Administration of Kampo medicines, especially of hochuekkito, in addition to probiotics in VRE patients may promote VRE negative conversion.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enterococci and Occurrence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Raw Minced Beef and Pork in Germany

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1825-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
G�nter Klein ◽  
Alexander Pack ◽  
Gerhard Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Minced Meat

ABSTRACT The food chain, especially raw minced meat, is thought to be responsible for an increase in the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in human nosocomial infections. Therefore, 555 samples from 115 batches of minced beef and pork from a European Union-licensed meat-processing plant were screened for the occurrence of VRE. The processed meat came from 45 different slaughterhouses in Germany. Enterococci were isolated directly from Enterococcosel selective agar plates and also from Enterococcosel selective agar plates supplemented with 32 mg of vancomycin per liter. In addition, peptone broth was used in a preenrichment procedure, and samples were subsequently plated onto Enterococcosel agar containing vancomycin. To determine resistance, 209 isolates from 275 samples were tested with the glycopeptides vancomycin, teicoplanin, and avoparcin and 19 other antimicrobial substances by using a broth microdilution test. When the direct method was used, VRE were found in 3 of 555 samples (0.5%) at a concentration of 1.0 log CFU/g of minced meat. When the preenrichment procedure was used, 8% of the samples were VRE positive. Our findings indicate that there is a low incidence of VRE in minced meat in Germany. In addition, the resistance patterns of the VRE isolates obtained were different from the resistance patterns of clinical isolates. A connection between the occurrence of VRE in minced meat and nosocomial infections could not be demonstrated on the basis of our findings.

Study on Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli Isolates of Buffalo Meat Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daljeet Chhabra ◽  
S. Kaskhedikar ◽  
R. Sharda
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Well Being ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Congo Red Dye ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Dye Binding ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Red Dye

The global increase in food-borne diseases poses major challenges to health delivery and consequently economic well being of all nations, particularly the developing countries. 29 E. coli strains isolated from total 50 buffalo meat samples were tested for colonization factors (HA, Salt aggregation test and Congo red dye binding assay). Out of total 29 E. coli strains isolated from buffalo meat, 24 (82.75%) strains exhibited MSHA and 18 (62.06%) strains exhibited MRHA, 14 (48.27%) were positive for congo red dye binding and 11 (37.93%) isolates were positive for salt aggregation test.

Novel method of calculating adjusted antibiotic use by microbiological burden

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hana R. Winders ◽  
Majdi N. Al-Hasan ◽  
Bruce M. Jones ◽  
Darrell T. Childress ◽  
Kayla R. Stover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Abstract Objective: To determine the usefulness of adjusting antibiotic use (AU) by prevalence of bacterial isolates as an alternative method for risk adjustment beyond hospital characteristics. Design: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Setting: Hospitals in the southeastern United States. Methods: AU in days of therapy per 1,000 patient days and microbiologic data from 2015 and 2016 were collected from 26 hospitals. The prevalences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were calculated and compared to the average prevalence of all hospitals in the network. This proportion was used to calculate the adjusted AU (a-AU) for various categories of antimicrobials. For example, a-AU of antipseudomonal β-lactams (APBL) was the AU of APBL divided by (prevalence of P. aeruginosa at that hospital divided by the average prevalence of P. aeruginosa). Hospitals were categorized by bed size and ranked by AU and a-AU, and the rankings were compared. Results: Most hospitals in 2015 and 2016, respectively, moved ≥2 positions in the ranking using a-AU of APBL (15 of 24, 63%; 22 of 26, 85%), carbapenems (14 of 23, 61%; 22 of 25; 88%), anti-MRSA agents (13 of 23, 57%; 18 of 26, 69%), and anti-VRE agents (18 of 24, 75%; 15 of 26, 58%). Use of a-AU resulted in a shift in quartile of hospital ranking for 50% of APBL agents, 57% of carbapenems, 35% of anti-MRSA agents, and 75% of anti-VRE agents in 2015 and 50% of APBL agents, 28% of carbapenems, 50% of anti-MRSA agents, and 58% of anti-VRE agents in 2016. Conclusions: The a-AU considerably changes how hospitals compare among each other within a network. Adjusting AU by microbiological burden allows for a more balanced comparison among hospitals with variable baseline rates of resistant bacteria.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genotypic Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Meat Preparations

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIA GUERRERO-RAMOS ◽  
DIANA MOLINA-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
SONIA BLANCO-MORÁN ◽  
GILBERTO IGREJAS ◽  
PATRÍCIA POETA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Moderate Rate ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Minced Meat

ABSTRACT A total of 160 samples of poultry (80), pork (40), and beef (40) preparations (red sausages, white sausages, hamburgers, meatballs, nuggets, minced meat, escalope, and crepes) were tested in northwestern Spain to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE were detected in 38 (23.8%) samples (37.5% of poultry, 15.0% of pork, and 5.0% of beef samples). One strain per food sample was further characterized. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (14 strains), E. durans (10), E. hirae (7), E. gallinarum (5), and E. casseliflavus–E. flavescens (2). All strains showed resistance or intermediate susceptibility to three or more antimicrobials of clinical significance, in addition to vancomycin. High rates of resistance or intermediate susceptibility were observed for teicoplanin (81.6% of isolates), chloramphenicol (81.6%), erythromycin (100%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (89.5%), and ciprofloxacin (81.6%). A moderate rate of resistance or intermediate susceptibility emerged for ampicillin (34.2%) and tetracycline (36.8%). Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence were studied by PCR. The vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes were identified in 27, 1, 5, and 2 isolates, respectively. Other resistance genes or transposon sequences found were tet(L), tet(M), Tn5397 (tetracycline), erm(A), erm(B) (erythromycin), vat(D), and vat(E) (quinupristin-dalfopristin). Most isolates were free of virulence determinants (agg, hyl, and efaAfm genes were detected in one, one, and five strains, respectively). Strains were classified as not biofilm producers (crystal violet assay; 4 isolates) or weak biofilm producers (34 isolates). Cluster analysis (EcoRI ribotyping) suggested a strong genetic relationship among isolates from different types of meat preparations, animal species, and retail outlets. Meat preparations might play a role in the spread through the food chain of VRE with several resistance and virulence genes.

Teicoplanin- A New Agent for Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-211
Author(s):  
Mark Eggleston ◽  
Joseph Ofosu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Investigational Agent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Gram-positive bacterial infections remain a serious challenge for infectious disease practitioners. Many gram-positive organisms are developing new methods of antibiotic resistance, thus rendering our standard antimicrobial agents ineffective. Penicillin G resistance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and recently, a laboratory strain of vancomycin-resistant S aureus have become catalysts in the search for effective alternatives in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections. This review will briefly describe an investigational agent (investigational in the US, although used widely overseas) that has been very successful in treating gram-positive bacterial infections. The antibiotic, named teicoplanin. (Merrell-Dow Pharmaceuticals) may be approved for release in the United States in the future.Originally known as teichomycin A, teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, chemically similar to the vancomycin-ristocetin antibiotic group. Teicoplanin was discovered following the fermentation process of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus The antibiotic has a linear heptapeptide structure and weighs approximately 2000 daltons.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Organism Carriage in Wisconsin Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s324-s325
Author(s):  
Ashley Kates ◽  
Nathan Putman-Buehler ◽  
Lauren Watson ◽  
Tamara LeCaire ◽  
Kristen Malecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Small Pilot Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background: Children attending daycare are at increased risk of carrying multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) compared to children not attending daycare. Carriage of MDROs greatly increases the risk of infection, not only in the child but also for others living in the household. Understanding the epidemiology of MDRO carriage in children is essential to devising effective containment strategies. Here, we present the findings from a cross-sectional study assessing MDRO carriage in daycare-attending and nonattending children in Wisconsin. Methods: We applied the following enrollment criteria: Children aged between 6 months and <6 years and not enrolled in kindergarten; children who did not have an MDRO infection in the previous 6 months and did not receive any antimicrobials in the previous month; and children who did not have a gluten allergy, asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, cystic fibrosis, or an immunodeficiency. Children were enrolled by a parent or guardian who filled out a questionnaire on MDRO risk factor history and diet. Samples were collected from the nares, axilla or groin (pooled swab), and stool. Nasal samples were cultured for H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Skin samples were cultured for MRSA, and stool samples were cultured for MRSA, C. difficile, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Gram-negative bacilli (ie, ESBL GNR). Results: In total, 44 children were enrolled in this study. The average age was 2.6 years and 50% were girls. Furthermore, 30 (68.2%) were identified by their parents as white, 9 (20.5%) as black, and 5 (11.3%) as other or multiracial. Incidentally, 23 children (52.3%) were enrolled in daycare. Overall, 18 children were positive for at least 1 organism, 9 of which had daycare exposure, and 5 children (1 in daycare) were positive for >1 organism (11.4%). From stool samples, 6 children (13.6%, 2 in daycare) were C. difficile carriers, 3 were VRE carriers (6.8%, 1 in daycare), 8 carried an ESBL GNR (18.2%, 4 in daycare), and 3 carried MRSA (6.8%, 1 in daycare). One child was positive for H. influenzae (2.3%, not in daycare) and 2 were positive for S. pneumoniae (4.6%, 1 in daycare) from nares swabs. One child was positive for MRSA (2.3%, not in daycare) from a skin swab. We detected no significant differences between children with and without daycare exposure for any organism. Conclusions: Children in this population had higher than expected rates of ESBL GNRs and MRSA for a community population. Daycare exposure was not correlated with increased carriage in this small pilot study, though larger longitudinal studies are needed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document