scholarly journals Endoparasites of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) (Pallas, 1778) in central Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sergi ◽  
G. Romeo ◽  
M. Serafini ◽  
E. Torretta ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hare Population

Summary Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) populations in Europe have declined through decades due to several, but not clear yet, factors. Parasite infections and diseases are some of the causes that directly affected the survival and breeding rates of animal population. A study on the endoparasites of 70 hares (37 hunted free-living hares, and 33 bred on farms hares) was performed between 2015 - 2017 in the province of Grosseto (central Italy), an area where the impact of parasites in the hare population has never been investigated. During necroscopic analysis of hunted hares the following helminthes were found: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (87.1 %), Passalurus ambiguus (12.9 %) and Andrya spp. (6.4 %) in the intestinal tract, Protostrongylus cuniculorum (8.3 %) in lungs and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (16.7 %) in livers. The prevalences of the intestinal helminthes in bred hares were: 12.1 % for Passalurus ambiguus and 3 % for Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. The coprological analysis showed prevalences of 64.9 % for coccidia in the 37 hunted hares and 45.5 % in the 33 bred hares. The relationship between the intensities of parasitic infections and body weight was evaluated. The results of the present study in the Grosseto area indicate that free-living hares have few species of parasites and that the intensities of parasitic infection did not affect their general condition and health, suggesting that endoparasites played no detectable role in the dynamics of this hare population.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARASITIC INFECTION AND KNOWLEDGE, HYGIENIC PRACTICAL MEASURES OF PARASITIC INFECTIOUS PREVENTION IN VINH THAI COMMUNITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections werecommonintropical country such as Vietnam. Having good knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and changing risk behaviors can decrease the infection rate. Objective: To evaluate the parasitic infectious rate in Vinh Thai community before and after being health education and the changing of knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and risk behaviors. Materials and methods: 60 households in Vinh Thai commune were interviewed their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and examined intestinal parasite infection by Kato technique and then trained the knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention. The interview and examination parasite infectiousrate were carried out after 6 months to evaluating their knowledge. Result: Before health education, the rate of intestinal parasite infection was 17.4% with the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm, small fluke worm and co-infection with A. lumbricoides - whipworm, hookworm-whipworm were 0.1%; 8.0%; 5.8%; 0.6%; 0.3%; 1.2% and 3.0% respectively. Six months later the rate of intestinal parasite infection was decreased in 12.6% even though not statistical significantly. However, there were no case of small fluke worm and co-infection with hookworm-whipworm. Receiving health education, their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention was higher significantly but their risk behaviors were not changed so much. Conclusion: Health education can change the rate of parasite infection with higher knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention but it was necessary continuous study to change the risk behaviors. Key words: intestinal parasite, health education

scholarly journals Biological responses in pesticide exposed lizards (Podarcis siculus)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Simbula ◽  
Ginevra Moltedo ◽  
Barbara Catalano ◽  
Giacomo Martuccio ◽  
Claudia Sebbio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Biotransformation Enzymes ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Podarcis Siculus ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Italian Wall Lizard ◽  
Detoxification Process ◽  
Accurate Quantification

AbstractThe release of contaminants as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides into the environment has been listed as one of the six major contributors to the global decline of reptiles. Although reptiles may face severe risk from contaminants due to their ecology and physiology, they are currently less studied than other vertebrate groups. In the present work, we investigated if and how different types of field treatment (conventional and organic) affected the health status of Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) individuals in central Italy. We chose a multi-biomarker approach that evaluated the biological responses of lizards to the treatment by means of AChE activity in the nervous system, biotransformation enzymes activities and oxidative stress in the liver, micronuclei frequency measured in the erythrocytes, and rate of intestinal parasitic infection. Our findings showed evidence of effects of treatment in conventional areas and between sexes with significant oxidative stress due to hydroxyl radicals, that caused DNA damage. No difference of intestinal parasite infections was found among treatments. Podarcis siculus seems to be a good bioindicator in ecotoxicological studies and potentially in risk assessment of pesticides, although further analyses in laboratory and in the field are needed to achieve more accurate quantification of specific pesticide effects in relation to known exposure history and to understand if other mechanisms were involved in the toxicity and detoxification process of pesticides for this species.

scholarly journals Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Nutritional Status to Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Simo, Boyolali

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sherlina Rintik Tirta Ayu ◽  
Sri Haryati ◽  
Yulia Sari ◽  
Sutartinah Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Students ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasite Infections

<p>Intestinal parasitic infections are caused by protozoa, STH and non-STH worms. Immunity, which can be determined by measuring nutritional status, and personal hygiene can affect the occurrence of intestinal parasite infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and nutritional status against intestinal parasite infections in elementary school students in Simo Boyolali. This type of analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. Total sampling was taken at elementary school of Wates, Talakbroto 1, and Kedunglengkong 1 Simo, Boyolali. There were 11 students with worms infections, 16 with protozoa infections, and 4 with worms and protozoa infection. There was a relationship between washing hands before eating (p = 0.004), after eating (0.027), after defecating (p = 0.04), biting nails (p = 0.008), wearing footwear when leaving the house (p = 0.008) , removing shoes while playing during school breaks (p = 0.001), and nutritional status (p = 0.002) with intestinal parasite infection. There was no relationship between nail clipping once a week (p = 0.118) and the availability of a latrine (p = 0.416) with intestinal parasitic infections. So, there is a relationship between personal hygiene (washing hands before eating, after eating, after defecating, biting nails, wearing footwear when leaving the house, removing shoes when playing during school breaks, and nutritional status) and intestinal parasitic infections.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> elementary school; protozoa; worms.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Cooperative Social Organization on Reducing the Prevalence of Malaria and Intestinal Parasite Infections in Awramba, a Rural Community in South Gondar, Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebeyehu Yihenew ◽  
Haileeyesus Adamu ◽  
Beyene Petros
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
Cooperative Community ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South Gondar

Introduction.Parasitic diseases are the major causes of human health problem in Ethiopia. The high prevalence of parasitic infections is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene, and impoverished health services.Objective.The study was conducted to assess the impact of health-conscious Awramba cooperative community and its neighboring communities on the prevalence of parasitic infections in South Gondar, Ethiopia.Methods.Single stool specimens were collected from 392 individuals from Awramba and the neighboring communities. Specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites using microscopy. Questionnaire was administered to determine the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of study participants.Results.Of the total 392 study participants examined, 58(14.8%) were positive for malaria and 173 (44.1%) for intestinal parasites. The prevalence of malaria in Awramba community (5.1%) was less than that in neighboring communities (24.5%). The prevalence of parasitic infections in Awramba (18.8%) was less than that of the neighboring communities (69.4%).Conclusion.This study showed that good household and environmental hygiene, good toilet construction and usage, and proper utilization of ITN in Awramba cooperative community have significantly contributed to the reduction of the burden of parasitic infections. Thus, the positive achievement in reducing parasitic infections in Awramba cooperative community could be used as a model for affordable health intervention in the neighboring communities, in particular, and the whole country in general.

Parasitic infection

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabambo Ogunbambi ◽  
Yusuf I. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Travel

Parasitic infections remain prevalent, particularly in the developing world. However, increasing global travel poses a risk of contracting parasitic infections while travelling through endemic areas and therefore all medical practitioners should remain aware of parasitic infections and investigate for them when appropriate. Increased understanding of the relationship of parasites with the immune system has led to some progress with therapeutics but this still lags behind other infectious diseases. In this chapter we outline the musculoskeletal manifestations of parasitic infection and updated therapeutic approaches to these infections. The burden of disease may change with increasing use of potent biologic immunosuppressants and global travel, as seen in HIV-related immunosuppression, but as yet no significant increased incidence of parasitic infection has been reported within 'rheumatic diseases' cohorts around the world.

Haemoproteusinfected birds have increased lifetime reproductive success

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZYLBERBERG ◽  
E. P. DERRYBERRY ◽  
C. W. BREUNER ◽  
E. A. MACDOUGALL-SHACKLETON ◽  
J. M. CORNELIUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Host Fitness ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThe impact of haematozoan infection on host fitness has received substantial attention since Hamilton and Zuk posited that parasites are important drivers of sexual selection. However, short-term studies testing the assumption that these parasites consistently reduce host fitness in the wild have produced contradictory results. To address this complex issue, we conducted a long-term study examining the relationship between naturally occurring infection withHaemoproteusandPlasmodium, and lifetime reproductive success and survival of Mountain White-crowned Sparrows. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that birds infected with haematozoan parasites have reduced survival (as determined by overwinter return rates) and reproductive success. Contrary to expectation, there was no relationship betweenHaemoproteusandPlasmodiuminfection and reproduction or survival in males, nor was there a relationship betweenPlasmodiuminfection and reproduction in females. Interestingly,Haemoproteus-infected females had significantly higher overwinter return rates and these females fledged more than twice as many chicks during their lifetimes as did uninfected females. We discuss the impact of parasitic infections on host fitness in light of these findings and suggest that, in the case of less virulent pathogens, investment in excessive immune defence may decrease lifetime reproduction.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis—Learning the Impact of Nutrition (TB LION): protocol for an interventional study to decrease TB risk in household contacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie Cintron ◽  
Prakash Babu Narasimhan ◽  
Lindsey Locks ◽  
Senbagavalli Babu ◽  
Pranay Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Jawaharlal Institute ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Comorbidities such as undernutrition and parasitic infections are widespread in India and other tuberculosis (TB)-endemic countries. This study examines how these conditions as well as food supplementation and parasite treatment might alter immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and risk of progression to TB disease. Methods This is a 5-year prospective clinical trial at Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research in Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India. We aim to enroll 760 household contacts (HHC) of adults with active TB in order to identify 120 who are followed prospectively for 2 years: Thirty QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) positive HHCs ≥ 18 years of age in four proposed groups: (1) undernourished (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2); (2) participants with a BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 who have a parasitic infection (3) undernourished participants with a parasitic infection and (4) controls—participants with BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and without parasitic infection. We assess immune response at baseline and after food supplementation (for participants with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and parasite treatment (for participants with parasites). Detailed nutritional assessments, anthropometry, and parasite testing through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microscopy are performed. In addition, at serial time points, these samples will be further analyzed using flow cytometry and whole blood transcriptomics to elucidate the immune mechanisms involved in disease progression. Conclusions This study will help determine whether undernutrition and parasite infection are associated with gene signatures that predict risk of TB and whether providing nutritional supplementation and/or treating parasitic infections improves immune response towards this infection. This study transcends individual level care and presents the opportunity to benefit the population at large by analyzing factors that affect disease progression potentially reducing the overall burden of people who progress to TB disease. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03598842; Registered on July 26, 2018; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03598842

The Impact of Accelerometer Wear Location on the Relationship between Step Counts and Arterial Health in Free-Living Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Alexandra B. Cooke' ◽  
Stella S. Daskalopoulou ◽  
Kaberi Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Microhabitats are associated with diversity–productivity relationships in freshwater bacterial communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L Schmidt ◽  
Bopaiah A Biddanda ◽  
Anthony D Weinke ◽  
Edna Chiang ◽  
Fallon Januska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic communities commonly display a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) but the results have been mixed when assessed in bacterial communities. Habitat heterogeneity, a factor in eukaryotic BEFs, may explain these variable observations but it has not been thoroughly evaluated in bacterial communities. Here, we examined the impact of habitat on the relationship between diversity assessed based on the (phylogenetic) Hill diversity metrics and heterotrophic productivity. We sampled co-occurring free-living (more homogenous) and particle-associated (more heterogeneous) bacterial habitats in a freshwater, estuarine lake over three seasons: spring, summer and fall. There was a strong, positive, linear relationship between particle-associated bacterial richness and heterotrophic productivity that strengthened when considering dominant taxa. There were no observable BEF trends in free-living bacterial communities for any diversity metric. Biodiversity, richness and Inverse Simpson's index, were the best predictors of particle-associated production whereas pH was the best predictor of free-living production. Our findings show that heterotrophic productivity is positively correlated with the effective number of taxa and that BEF relationships are associated with microhabitats. These results add to the understanding of the highly distinct contributions to diversity and functioning contributed by bacteria in free-living and particle-associated habitats.

scholarly journals School-based intervention: evaluating the role of water, latrines and hygiene education on trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections in Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizu Gelaye ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Nigusu Aboset ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Michelle A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The Impact

We sought to evaluate the impact of a hygiene and sanitation intervention program among school-children to control active trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections. This longitudinal epidemiologic study was conducted among 630 students in rural Ethiopia. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted to evaluate the impact of a three-pronged intervention program: (i) construction of ventilated improved pit latrines; (ii) provision of clean drinking water; and (iii) hygiene education. Socio-demographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Presence of trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections were evaluated using standard procedures. At baseline, 15% of students had active trachoma, while 6.7% of them were found to have active trachoma post-intervention (p &lt; 0.001). Similar improvements were noted for parasitic infections. At baseline, 7% of students were reported to have helminthic infections and 30.2% protozoa infections. However, only 4% of students had any helminthic infection and 13.4% (p &lt; 0.001) of them were found to have any protozoa infection during follow-up surveys. Improvements were also noted in students' knowledge and attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation. In summary, the results of our study demonstrated that provision of a comprehensive and targeted sanitation intervention program was successful in reducing the burden of trachoma and intestinal parasitic infection among schoolchildren.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document