scholarly journals The impact of educated migrants and R&D expenditures on innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Elena-Alexandra Sinoi
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Migration has become a topic of great interest of the 21st century, as it triggers multiple advantages and downsides, both for the people and communities implicated, depending on the policies in place. International migration should not be perceived as an issue that needs to be solved, but rather a global phenomenon that can reduce poverty and foster inclusive growth and sustainable development, both in origin and destination countries. The most highly-skilled immigrants represent a key factor in enhancing innovation and technological change processes, which are essential aspects of social and economic development. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of highly educated immigrants (with tertiary-educated immigrant employees and foreign PhD students) together with R&D investments on innovative activity (proxied by the number of patents applications), in the case of the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004. The evaluated time frame is from 2011 to 2017. For the econometric analysis of the panel data, we developed fixed-effects linear regression models, at the country-level. The indicators computed are relevant to the innovative activity. The econometric estimations highlight a positive correlation between educated migrants and the number of patent applications in all ten countries. This nexus is even strengthened when we take into consideration other relevant impact factors, such as investments in R&D and human capital. Therefore, the more efforts and investments are devoted to R&D and highly educated individuals, the more predictable the innovation is.

scholarly journals The Effects of Highly-Educated Immigrants on Innovation in Three Developed European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Elena-Alexandra Sinoi
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractIn the current globalized world, migration represents a topic of great interest, generating advantages and downsides as well, both for the people and the communities implicated. Highly-educated migrants represent a key factor in fostering innovation, productivity and economic growth, and promote knowledge diffusion/distribution in both directions, from origin to destination country and vice versa. This research investigates the effects of highly-educated immigrants on the number of patents (a good proxy for measuring innovation activities), in the case of Austria, Finland and Sweden, between 2011 and 2017. For the empirical analysis of the study case, we used panel data and developed a multiple linear regression model estimated through the ordinary least squares method (OLS), at the country-level. In line with the vast existing literature, the main finding of this paper is that highly-educated immigrants, representing external factors of innovation, have a positive and significant impact on the number of patent applications in all three receiving countries. Moreover, financial support in R&D (in different sectors) and investments in human capital (from diverse fields) serve as internal factors of innovation and also contribute vastly to the enhancement of innovation.

Acceptance of social innovation in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-236
Author(s):  
Maizatul Haizan Mahbob ◽  
Wan Idros Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Samsudin A. Rahim ◽  
Wan Azreena Wan Jaafar ◽  
Wan Sharazad Wan Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Government ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Innovation is a key factor to bring about change. The government should formulate policies that are innovative to bring change to the nation. A government that enhances transformation, is a dynamic and progressive government. The Government Transformation Programme (GTP) in Malaysia, that is implemented in three phases started in 2010, is studied to examine how the programme is being accepted by the people. GTP is a programme that has never been implemented before. This programme emphasises more on performance and results of civil servants rather than budget spending. It also emphasises more accurately on planning. The aim is to produce high levels of accuracy and accountability of public employees and to provide rapid results in a short time as desired by the people. The 2011 GTP report showed that more than three million people have been positively impacted by this programme although it has only been implemented for two years. However, empirical studies found that people did not really feel the impact of the GTP programme. Although this programme was advocated through electronic and on-line media, many people still do not understand what is exactly the GTP and what are to be achieved through this programme.

scholarly journals Strengthening the stability of exports through GVC participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díaz-Mora ◽  
Rosario Gandoy ◽  
Belen Gonzalez-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Trade Relationships ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Drawing on the literature that has shown the prevalence of short-lived trade relationships, the purpose of this paper is to provide further understanding about this issue by exploring the impact of engaging in Global Value Chains (GVCs) on the chance of export survival at product-country level, paying special attention to the differences between advanced and developing countries. The authors also investigate whether the type of GVC participation (backward or forward) matters for export survival. Design/methodology/approach To capture to what extent a country’s exports are integrated in GVCs, the authors use the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output database to estimate value added incorporated in exports. Through the estimation of a discrete-time duration model, the authors explore the impact of engaging in GVCs on export survival using highly disaggregated trade data from the CEPII’s BACI database. Findings The findings endorse the hypothesis that deeper participation in GVCs is a key factor in explaining stability in trade relationships, mainly for developing countries where the trade flows are especially fragile. The authors also find different effects depending on the type of GVC involvement and on whether the value chain partners are advanced or developing. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by extending the understanding on the factors that promote the stability of exports, including among them, involvement on GVCs (and its forms) which is one of the most relevant factors to explain recent behavior of trade.

scholarly journals The impact of Islamic banking model and Islamic financial development on bank performance: evidence from dual banking economies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an Islamic Banking Index representing the Islamic banking model and to investigate its impact on the performance of Islamic and conventional banks. This study also analyzes the impact of Islamic financial development on bank performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected the data from 23 countries for the period from 2010 to 2018 and developed a composite Islamic Banking Index. The authors applied the generalized method of moments on 3,542 bank-year observations for both Islamic and conventional banks to analyze the impact of the Islamic Banking Index on bank performance. The results of the study are robust to time-fixed effects, country-level time-varying factors and endogeneity issues. Findings The authors found that Islamic Banking Index positively contributes to the return on assets (ROAit) of Islamic banks only. This impact becomes highly significant in countries with comparatively higher Islamic financial development. This finding suggests that the Islamic financial development in a country provides a supportive operating environment to Islamic banks and increases their performance. The authors also found that Islamic Banking Index positively contributes to the return on equity (ROEit) of both types of banks. Practical implications The authors argue that moving away from interest-based products and focusing more on diversified portfolios can boost the performance of both types of banks without increasing their risk levels. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that develops a composite Islamic Banking Index based on differentiating factors of the Islamic banking model and investigates the impact of Islamic Banking Index and Islamic financial development on bank performance.

scholarly journals Prospects of Tourism Planning in Nashik City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2104-2110
Author(s):  
Jadhav Sachin Jibhau
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Urban planning is a tool that helps in managing the things that need a spatial approach and it also helps in conducting the other activities. While planning the urban cities the past and recent condition should also be taken into account for better result. But each and every one is concern about the growth and development, though tourism includes different sectors and have different criteria according to the place, but the impact factors are almost common in all the aspects of tourism. Tourism cities have tremendous potential of research in their filed, but the problem should be identified specifically and proper methodology should be used during their process the government policies should also be taken into account and based on that solution should be plan of such places. In short recognized the impacts and work on it and according to that the urban planning should be done to boost tourism sector to next level. Once the impacts are taken out and work on such impact are carried out than the development of such places will automatically goes on increasing and it help to keep the environment and that specific place neat and clean and also help it to grow it original and natural beauty. Nashik city in Maharashtra state is one of the oldest city which have most important historical ,culturally and religious importance and one of the city who hold kumbha mela and most of the people visit this city throughout the year and if the impacts are solved at it basic and ground level than the development may rapidly increase and gives better life to the surrounding environment.

scholarly journals Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Romania Versus Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena J. Schank ◽  
Aurora Murgea ◽  
Cosmin Enache
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A consistent body of research is dedicated to the relationship between the ownership structure of a firm and its financial performance. Despite that, the hitherto researches fail to reach a consensus regarding this issue since both negative and positive relationships have been found out. This paper examines the impact of ownership’s type (more precise the impact of the family ownership) on the firm’s financial performance. The analysis includes a comparison between family and non-family firm performance using a sample of 1,161 Romanian companies and 1,342 German companies for a time frame that range between 2008 to 2015. Based on different types of static panel data regressions: Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), Random Effects (RE) and a corrective model (PCSE), the main findings show very different results for the two considered countries. Financial performance, expressed as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) seems to be insensitive to family ownership in Romanian companies and statistically positively correlated with it for German ones. A potential explanation for these outputs consists in the different development circumstances in the two countries in the period that forego the Second War. At the same time, other variables considered do not show significant differences in outcome between the two countries: size, age, capital intensity and leverage negatively influence the financial performance of companies.

scholarly journals Fatores de Impacto sobre o Saldo de Caixa: Um Estudo em Empresas Brasileiras Não Financeiras de Capital Aberto

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Júlia Peres Tortoli ◽  
Marcelo Botelho da Costa Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Net Assets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact factors and their effects on the corporate cash holdings in order to assist companies in achieving better financial management, corroborating the perpetuity of them. The sample consists of 917 observations of 131 listed companies in Brazil, from 2007 to 2013. The dependent variable used in this study is the natural logarithm of cash and cash equivalents divided by the total of net assets and the major independent variables are show in literature plus a dummy variable for passive financing through BNDES and a control variable for the financial crisis. The methodology used is regression with static and balanced panel data, with better results for fixed effects. Evidence is found that the variable distribution of dividends, higher level of liquid assets, existence of corporate governance, in addition to financial crisis, impact cash.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact Assessment of Ala-River Akure, Ondo State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
Victor Ayodele Ijaware
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Impact

With an increase in urbanization, there is need for a constant assessment and monitoring of environmental features. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been used in this research was to assess the impacts of Ala River in Akure on the environment using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. The data collection involved the use of Questionnaires and the design were based on four criteria: socio-cultural, climatic, economic, Health and Safety Impact factors. Using ArcMap, Buffer Analysis was performed around the River to get those features most susceptible to the impact of Ala River and also to guide the expanse where opinion survey was carried out at different locations around the river. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the data acquired and the Hypothesis tested were used to generate outcome set for each of the criteria’s. From the results of the study, it was discovered that the River has impacts on the Social-Cultural state of the environments (P<0.05), Climate of the environment (P<0.05) and Health and Safety state of the environment including the people around it(P<0.05) but the River does not have major impacts on the Economic factors (P>0.05).The research recommends that additional effort need to be put in place on all fronts if the results acquired from environmental assessment is to be put to good use.

Mandatory IFRS Adoption and the U.S. Home Bias

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inder K. Khurana ◽  
Paul N. Michas
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Home Bias ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Portfolio Holdings ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Stock Portfolios ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The U.S

SYNOPSIS This paper examines whether mandatory IFRS adoption at the country level lowers U.S. investors' propensity to overweight domestic stocks in their common stock portfolios (generally referred to as home bias). We find that, on average, U.S. home bias decreases for countries that mandate IFRS adoption, after controlling for country-fixed effects. We also find that the reduction in the U.S. home bias after the mandatory adoption of IFRS is greater for countries with larger differences between IFRS and their domestic accounting standards, for countries with a stricter rule of law and a common law legal origin, and in countries with greater incentives to report high-quality financial information. Overall, our results indicate that a common set of global accounting standards matters for portfolio holdings of U.S. investors and that U.S. investors regard the enforcement of standards to be a key factor in making investments outside the U.S. Data Availability: Data are publicly available.

scholarly journals Do Individuals Skimp on Health Care After Spouse’s Dementia Diagnosis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flu Shot ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Dementia is a costly disease that places great burden on individuals and families. The substantial time and financial resources taken away by living with persons with dementia (PWDs) may make their spouses forgo essential health care, thus deteriorating long-term health and increasing downstream healthcare costs. However, such negative externality is understudied. This paper studied the impacts of spouse's incident dementia diagnosis on an individual's use of needed care, defined as annual flu shot and regular doctor visits for those with preexisting conditions. Using HRS linked to Medicare claims, I employed a fixed effects approach to compare the use of flu shot and doctor visit during 1 year before and after the index, for individuals whose spouse had dementia (N=691) and otherwise similar controls (N=5,073). After adjusting for time-varying health, caregiving roles, and other socio-demographic factors, spouse’s dementia onset was associated with greater likelihood of getting flu shot and seeing doctors. Among those transitioning into caregiving, spouses of PWDs had a marginally higher risk of skimping on doctor visits, compared to controls (p=0.053). In this broadly representative sample, there lacks evidence for rationed health care ensuing spouse’s dementia incidence, at least within a 1-year time frame. However, for new spousal caregivers, the impact of dementia is more profound and complex than deprivation of time. This group may face a trade-off between caring for spouses with dementia and caring for themselves, for whom policy support merits further study and consideration.

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