scholarly journals Modification of 316L Steel Surface in Ozone Atmosphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 695-701
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kłonica ◽  
Józef Kuczmaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Steel Substrates

Abstract The study reported in this paper was undertaken to assess whether certain ecologically-disastrous surface treatments, such as chemical and electrochemical treatment could be replaced with ozonation. The proposed technology is both ecologically-sound and relatively inexpensive. The research works were conducted on 316L steel substrates and involved photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The band positions on the review spectrum provide the basis for the qualitative identification of the atoms forming the surface layer, whereas their intensity – data for the calculation of the total concentration of these atoms in the analysed layer. High resolution spectra are used to determine the type of chemical bonds – based on the characteristic numbers of chemical shift. The results of tests on the state of surface layer energy of 316L steel substrate following ozone treatment are also presented. The conducted tests and the analysis of the obtained results indicate that ozone treatment effectively removes atmospheric carbon contaminants off the specimen surface. The test results show a decrease in atmospheric carbon on samples after ozone treatment compared to untreated samples. Moreover, results show an increase in the value of the free surface energy in specimens subjected to ozone treatment.

scholarly journals Growth of MWCNTs on Flexible Stainless Steels without Additional Catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udomdej Pakdee ◽  
Surasak Chiangga ◽  
Suchat Suwannatus ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Substrates

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized on austenitic stainless steel foils (Type 304) using a home-built thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen (H2) and acetylene (C2H2). During the growth, the stainless steel substrates were heated at different temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900°C. It was found that MWCNTs were grown on the stainless steel substrates heated at 600, 700, and 800°C while amorphous carbon film was grown at 900°C. The diameters of MWCNTs, as identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images together with ImageJ software program, were found to be 67.7, 43.0, and 33.1 nm, respectively. The crystallinity of MWCNTs was investigated by an X-ray diffractometer. The number of graphitic walled layers and the inner diameter of MWCNTs were investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The occurrence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles associated with carbon element can be used to reveal the behavior of Fe in stainless steel as catalyst. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the growth and quality of MWCNTs. The results obtained in this work showed that the optimum heated stainless steel substrate temperature for the growth of effective MWCNTs is 700°C. Chemical states of MWCNTs were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using synchrotron light.

Diamond deposition on Ni/Ni-diamond coated stainless steel substrate

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sikder ◽  
T. Sharda ◽  
D. S. Misra ◽  
D. Chandrasekaram ◽  
P. Veluchamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Diamond Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Steel Substrates

Electrodeposited Ni and Ni-diamond composite layers were used as diffusion barriers for Fe to facilitate the diamond growth on stainless steel substrates. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the formation of good quality diamond crystallites by chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the expansion of Ni unit cell has taken place due to the formation of the Ni–C solid solution. This observation is also well supported by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The lattice constant of the expanded Ni unit cell matches closely with the diamond, and this may be helpful in explaining the epitaxial growth of diamond on single-crystal Ni observed by others.

Effects of Substrates on the Composition and Microstructure of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by the LPD Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huogen Yu ◽  
Jia Guo Yu ◽  
Bei Cheng ◽  
C.H. Ao ◽  
S.C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Substrates

TiO2 thin films were prepared on soda lime glass, fused quartz and stainless steel substrates by liquid phase deposition (LPD) method from a (NH4)2TiF6 aqueous solution upon the addition of boric acid (H3BO3), and then calcined at 500oC for 2 h. The prepared films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the substrates obviously influenced the element composition and microstructure of TiO2 thin films. Except Ti, O and a small amount of F and N elements, which came from the precursor solution, some Si (or Fe) element in the thin films deposited on soda lime glass and quartz substrates (or on stainless steel substrate) was confirmed. The Si (or Fe) element in the thin films could be attributed to two sources. One was from the SiF6 2- ions (or FeF6 2- ions) formed by a reaction between the treatment solution and soda lime glass or quartz (or stainless steel) substrates. The other was attributed to the diffusion of Si (or Fe) from the surface of substrates into the TiO2 thin films after calcination at 500oC. The Si (or Fe) element in the TiO2 thin films could behave as a dopant and resulted in the formation of composite SiO2/TiO2 (or Fe2O3/TiO2) thin films on the substrates.

Boundary Lubrication Mechanisms of Molybdenum Film by MoDTC and ZDDP Additives

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2598-2605
Author(s):  
Xing Liang Li ◽  
Wen Yue ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Shi Qian Zhao ◽  
Xiao Tong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition ◽  
Reduction Property ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Molybdenum (Mo) film is deposited by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) on the 316L steel substrate surface in this experiment. The micro structure and nanohardness of the film are tested by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and nanoindentation tester. The tribological behaviors of Mo film under ZDDP and MoDTC lubrication are evaluated by SRV test machine. The tribo-film formed on the worn surfaces is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to find out the tribological mechanisms between the Mo film and the two additional additives. The result shows that Mo film not only has friction reduction property but also has wear assistant property under ZDDP and MoDTC lubrication. As element Mo has advantage on promoting the deposition of these two lubricating additives.

Young's Modulus Profile in Kolsterized AISI 316L Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Balijepalli ◽  
Riccardo Donnini ◽  
S. Kaciulis ◽  
Roberto Montanari ◽  
A. Varone
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Mechanical Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Surface Hardened Layer

AISI 316L steel, subjected to a low temperature carburizing treatment (kolstering), has been examined by Mechanical Spectroscopy (MS) and nanoindentation to determine the Youngs modulus of the surface hardened layer (S phase). MS results showed that the average value of elastic modulus of S phase is 202 GPa, a little higher than that of the untreated material.Nanoindentation tests, carried out with loads of 5, 15 and 30 mN, evidence a modulus profile vs depth: E is ~ 400 GPa at a distance from the surface of ~ 110 nm, then decreases to reach the value of the steel substrate (190 GPa) at 33 μm.These results, together with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) measurements of carbon concentration profile, can be explained by considering the presence of a very thin surface layer, different from S phase and consisting of a mixed structure of Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and tetrahedral carbon (taC).Furthermore, the same experiments have been carried out also after heat treatments at 450 °C to correlate the modulus change to the decomposition of the metastable S phase leading to the formation of (Cr,Mo)C and Cr23C6 carbides in a Cr-depleted austenitic matrix.

scholarly journals Modification of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Surface Layer in the Ozone Atmosphere

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kłonica ◽  
Józef Kuczmaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Ti6al4v Titanium Alloy ◽  
Alloy Surface Layer

The paper reports the results of a study on the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy involving the XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) photoelectron spectroscopy method. The position of bands in the viewing spectrum serves as a basis for the qualitative identification of atoms forming the surface layer, while their intensity is used to calculate the aggregate concentration of these atoms in the analyzed layer. High-resolution spectra are used to determine the type of chemical bonds based on characteristic numerical values of the chemical shift. The paper also presents the 3D results of surface roughness measurements obtained from optical profiling, as well as the results of energy state measurements of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface layer after ozone treatment. It was shown that the ozone treatment of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy removes carbon and increases concentrations of Ti and V ions at higher oxidation states at the expense of metal atoms and lower valence ions. The modification of the surface layer in ozone atmosphere caused a 30% increase in the Ti element concentration in the surface layer compared to the samples prior to ozone treatment. The carbon removal rate from the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy samples amounted to 35%, and a 13% increase was noted in oxides. The tests proved that the value of the surface free energy of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy increased as a result of ozone treatment. The highest increase in the surface free energy was observed for Variant 4 samples, and amounted to 17% compared to the untreated samples, while the lowest increase was equal to 14%. For the analyzed data, the maximum value of standard deviation was 0.99 [mJ/m2].

scholarly journals Corrosion Nature in [CoN/AlN]n Multilayers Obtained from Laser Ablation

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Julio Caicedo ◽  
Neufer Bonilla ◽  
Willian Aperador
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bilayer Period ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this work is the improvement of the electrochemical behavior of industrial steel using [CoN/AlN]n multilayered system via reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique with a Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) on Silicon (100) and AISI 302 steel substrates. In this work was varied systematically the bilayer period (Λ) and the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was determined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The maximum corrosion resistance for the coating with (Λ) equal to 34.7 nm, corresponding to n = 30 bilayered. The polarization resistance and corrosion rate were around 7.62 × 105 kOhm × cm2 and 7.25 × 10−5 mm/year, these values were 6.3 × 105 and 78.6 times better than those showed by the uncoated 302 stainless steel substrate (1.2 kOhm × cm2 and 0.0057 mm/year), respectively. The improvement of the electrochemical behavior of the steel 302 coated with this [CoN/AlN]n can be attributed to the presence of several interfaces that act as obstacles for the inward and outward diffusions of Cl− ions, generating an increment in the corrosion resistance. The electrochemical results found in the [CoN/AlN]n open a possibility of future applications in mechanical devices that require high demands in service conditions.

Processing strategy for high strength Ni-based hybrid composite clad on SS 316L steel through microwave heating

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110213
Author(s):  
Sarbjeet Kaushal ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Dheeraj Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Microwave Applicator

Processing of nickel-based high strength composites and alloys is a difficult and thought-provoking task. In this work, a strategy of heating through microwaves radiation is utilized to process the high strength hybrid Ni-based composite clad on SS 316L steel surface containing 15% (WC-8Co) and 5% Mo. The premixed composite powder was placed on the steel surface and irradiated with domestic microwave applicator having 2.45 GHz fixed frequency and 900 W power. The hybrid clad was successfully developed within 12–15 min of microwave exposure. The processed clad was subjected to various metallurgical and mechanical characterizations to understand the microstructures and phase changes. Microstructural analysis study revealed that the clad of ∼0.85 mm thickness was obtained and presence of dispersed reinforced particles of WC-8Co and Mo in nickel matrix were observed. Some inter-metallic phases of W2C, Ni2Mo4C, Ni4W and NiSi2 were observed in the clad. The average microhardness of the composite clad was712 ± 58 HV. The microwave processed clad exhibited a flexural strength of 852 ± 6 MPa with deformation index of 35 × 10−5 mm/N. Further, the sliding wear study revealed that the sliding velocity of 1.0 m/s favoured the formation of oxide tribo layers. The various mechanisms of wear revealed by the analysis of worn-out surfaces were abrasion, adhesion, surface pull-out and deformation of surfaces. The microwave processed clad revealed significant improvement in wear resistance in comparison to the steel substrate.

scholarly journals Effects of Pre- and Post-Carburizing Surface Modification on the Tribological and Adhesion Properties of Heat-Resistant KHR 45A Steel for Cracking Tubes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3658
Author(s):  
Auezhan Amanov ◽  
Joo-Hyun Choi ◽  
Young-Sik Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Carburizing Process

In this study, the effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology on the tribological properties and scratch-induced adhesion behavior of a heat-resistant KHR 45A steel cracking tube, which is used for the pyrolysis process, were investigated. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of pre- and post-carburizing UNSM treatment on the tribological and adhesion performances of carburized domestic KHR 45A (A) steel and to compare the results with the existing carburized Kubota-made KHR 45A steel (B). A carburizing process was carried out on the polished and UNSM-treated KHR 45A steel substrates, which were cut out from the cracking tube, at 300 °C heat exposure for 300 h. The thickness of the carburizing layer was about 10 μm. UNSM technology was applied as pre- and post-carburizing surface treatment; both reduced the friction coefficient and wear rate compared to that of the carburized KHR 45A steel substrate. It was also found that the application of UNSM technology increased the critical load, which implies the improvement of adhesion behavior between the carburizing layer and the KHR steel substrate. The application of UNSM technology as pre- and post-carburizing surface treatment could help replace carburized Kubota-made KHR 45A steel (B) thanks to the improved tribological performance, enhanced scratch resistance, load bearing capacity, and adhesion of domestic KHR 45A (A) steel.

ANTICORROSION PERFORMANCE OF SELF-HEALING POLYMERIC COATINGS ON LOW CARBON STEEL SUBSTRATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraff Ahmad Seri ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Abdelsalam Ahdash ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Salt Spray Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Epoxy Paint

Recently, self-healing coating is classified as one of the smart coatings which has the ability to heal or repair damage of the coating to prevent further corrosion. The aim of this study is to synthesize the self-healing coatings from polymeric material and evaluate the performance and their corrosion behavior when coated on steel substrates. The corrosion tests were performed using immersion test and salt spray test method at room temperature. The immersion test shows that self-healing coating gives lower corrosion rate compared to pure epoxy paint, with a value of 0.02 and 0.05 mm/year respectively. Also, salt spray test shows similar trend as the immersion test, which is 0.11 and 0.19 mm/year for self-healing coating and pure epoxy paint respectively. While uncoated samples without any protection corroded at 0.89 mm/year. It was also found that the damage on self-healing coating was covered with zeolite from the microcapsules indicating that the self-healing agent was successfully synthesized and could function well. In other words, self-healing coating shows better corrosion resistance compared to the pure epoxy coating on steel substrate.

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