scholarly journals Effect of Implicit Voice Theories on Employee Constructive Voice and Defensive Silence: A Study in Education and Health Sector

Organizacija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-226
Author(s):  
Safiye Şahin ◽  
Bilal Çankir ◽  
Bahar Serez Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Employee Silence

Abstract Background and Purpose: Implicit voice theories are the beliefs that are related to employee silence. This study aims to examine the implicit voice theories (don’t embarrass the boss in public, negative career consequences of voice) as predictors of employee defensive silence and employee constructive voice. Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional and an analytical study. The sample of this study consisted of 494 participants working in the healthcare sector (n = 277) and education sector (n = 217) in Turkey. We performed linear regression analyses to test our hypotheses. Results: We found that power distance and negative career consequences of voice predicted employee defensive silence while proactive personality and the belief of “don’t embarrass the boss in public” predicted employee constructive voice. These results confirm the effect of implicit voice theories on employee silence and voice. Conclusions: Employees holding the belief of “don’t embarrass the boss in public” and “negative career consequences of voice” tend to remain silent or prefer to speak with their managers privately, which prevent sharing ideas in group interactions in organization. Therefore, managers must combat the belief that speaking up is risky. In order to change these beliefs in a positive way, they should make their subordinates feel that speaking up is a valuable behavior in organization.

scholarly journals A Percepção de uma Comunidade Quilombola a Respeito de Leishmaniose Visceral, em Mato Grosso do Sul e a Educação em Saúde como Ferramenta de Controle Desta Endemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Suellem Luzia Costa Borges ◽  
Gilberto Gonçalves Facco ◽  
Rafael Ovando Fraiha ◽  
João Cledson Pedrozo Rigo ◽  
Dina Regis Recaldes Rodrigues Argeropulos Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

As leishmanioses são zoonoses de grande distribuição global, que apresentam várias espécies de reservatórios e vetores, que ao se relacionarem no tempo e espaço estabelecem os ciclos de transmissão dessa doença negligenciada, cujas estratégias de controle devem ser estruturadas sob a perspectiva da Saúde Única, que tem como premissa a interconectividade da saúde humana, animal e ambiental. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção da população residente em uma Comunidade Quilombola, no interior de Mato Grosso do Sul, no que se refere às leishmanioses, assim como discutir a importância da educação em saúde como estratégia de prevenção. Estudo seccional, analítico, transversal, em uma Comunidade Quilombola, pertencente ao município de Jaraguari, Mato Grosso do Sul, com setenta indivíduos selecionados por conveniência e de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade, representando suas famílias.  A Comunidade estudada aparenta ter pouco conhecimento sobre leishmaniose e estratégias de educação e saúde focadas ao tema, baseadas em uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, conforme preconizado pelos defensores da saúde única devem ser pautadas pelas equipes de saúde do município a que pertence. Os dados revelam eminência de uma epidemia canina, pois o ambiente é favorável e a densidade vetorial é abundante, o que normalmente antecede à proliferação de casos humanos.   Palavras-chave: Meio Ambiente. Educação em Saúde. Zoonoses. Saúde Única   Abstract Leishmaniasis are zoonoses of great global distribution, which present several species of reservoirs and vectors, which, when relating in time and space, establish the transmission cycles of this neglected disease, whose control strategies should be structured under the perspective of  Saúde Única, which has as assumption  the interconnectivity of human, animal and environmental health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population perception residing in a Quilombola community, in the interior of Mato Grosso do Sul state, regarding leishmaniasis, as well as to discuss the importance of health education as a prevention strategy. Sectional, cross-sectional, analytical study in a Quilombola community, belonging to the municipality of Jaraguari, Mato Grosso do Sul, with seventy individuals selected for convenience and according to the eligibility criteria, representing their families.  The studied Community seems to have little knowledge about leishmaniasis and education and health strategies focused on the theme, based on a multidisciplinary perspective, as recommended by the advocates of Saúde Única should be guided by the health teams of the municipality to which it belongs. Data reveal the eminence of a canine epidemic, since the environment is favorable and vector density is abundant, which usually precedes the human cases proliferation.   Keywords: Environment. Education in Health. Zoonoses. Saúde Única  

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

Skills Gap among Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Professionals in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Nkwenti ◽  
Ishan Sudeera Abeywardena
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
North West ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Over the last 10 years, the state of sexual and reproductive health in Cameroon has been challenging with rising levels of sexually transmitted diseases, the high fertility rate, and high infant and maternal mortality rates. Some researchers attributed these challenges to the limited number and quality of sexual and reproductive health personnel working in health facilities across the country. The North West Region of Cameroon was taken as a unit of study to probe into the skills gap among sexual and reproductive health practitioners. A total of n = 302 participants at a confidence interval of 95 per cent were selected using a stratified random sampling technique to take part in the study. The results indicated that a good number of them have no prior experience in the field of sexual and reproductive health. On the other hand, most of the practitioners’ skills level is situated between intermediate and competent with very few of them being at the expert skills level. It was therefore recommended that most of the participants needs improvement in (i) computer or information technology skills; (ii) research skills; and (iii) leadership development of the specialty. These areas need to be dealt with, as a matter of priority, through training and professional development to enable these professionals to deliver better service in the sexual and reproductive healthcare sector. It was also recommended that, in line with the critical role that sexual and reproductive health practitioners play in Cameroon’s health system, the Ministry of Public Health and other role players in the health sector make sufficient investments in the improvement of the health workforce’s accessibility to information and communication technology.

Corrupt Practices in the Public Health Sector: A Focus on Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustapha Namadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
The Government

Corruption is pervasive in Nigeria at all levels. Thus, despite recent gains in healthcare provision, the health sector faces numerous corruption related challenges. This study aims at examining areas of corruption in the health sector with specific focus on its types and nature. A sample size of 480 respondents aged 18 years and above was drawn from the eight Metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, using the multistage sampling technique. The results revealed evidence of corrupt practices including those related to unnecessary-absenteeism, diversion of patients from the public health facilities to the private sector, diverting money meant for the purchase of equipment, fuel and diesel, bribery, stealing of medications, fraud, misappropriation of medications and unjustifiable reimbursement claims. In order to resolve the problem of corrupt practices in the healthcare sector, the study recommended the need for enforcement of appropriate code of ethics guiding the conduct of the health professionals, adoption of anti-corruption strategies, and strengthening the government monitoring system to check corruption in public health sector in order to ensure equitable access to healthcare services among the under-privileged people in the society.

scholarly journals Sustained high blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Tanzanian adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussa K. Nsanya ◽  
Philip Ayieko ◽  
Ramadhan Hashim ◽  
Ezekiel Mgema ◽  
Daniel Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

AbstractEstimates for prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in Africa vary widely and few studies, if any, have documented the results of the recommended stepwise BP screening. In this cross-sectional study in Tanzania, we aimed to estimate prevalence of sustained high BP in 3 public secondary schools using the American Academy of Pediatrics BP screening strategy. On Day 1, one screening automated office BP (AOBP) measurement (Step 1) was followed by two more AOBP measurements (Step 2). Repeat AOBP measurements were obtained after about one month on adolescents with high AOBP measurements on Day 1 (Step 3). Participants with sustained high BP underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (step 4). Of all 500 enrolled participants, the prevalence of high blood pressure at each step in the process was 36.6% (183), 25.6% (128), 10.2% (51), and 2.6%(13) respectively for Steps 1–4. All except 6 students completed all 4 steps of the BP screening algorithm as indicated. We conclude that diagnosis of hypertension in African adolescents should use multiple AOBP measurements over multiple days followed by 24-h ABPM. Screening for high BP in school settings appears to be feasible and could provide a platform for cardiovascular disease education and health promotion.

scholarly journals Utilization of key preventive measures for pregnancy complications and malaria among women in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariame Ouedraogo ◽  
Jaameeta Kurji ◽  
Lakew Abebe ◽  
Ronald Labonté ◽  
Sudhakar Morankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jimma Zone

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, malaria infections and other complications during pregnancy contribute to the high burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. Preventive measures are available, however little is known about the factors influencing the uptake of maternal health services and interventions by pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods We analyzed data from a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2016 in three rural districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, with 3784 women who had a pregnancy outcome in the year preceding the survey. We used multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering to identify the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) attendance and insecticide-treated net (ITN) ownership and use, and the prevalence and predictors of malaria infection among pregnant women. Results Eighty-four percent of interviewed women reported receiving at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy, while 47% reported attending four or more ANC visits. Common reasons for not attending ANC included women’s lack of awareness of its importance (48%), distance to health facility (23%) and unavailability of transportation (14%). Important determinants of ANC attendance included higher education level and wealth status, woman’s ability to make healthcare decisions, and pregnancy intendedness. An estimated 48% of women reported owning an ITN during their last pregnancy. Of these, 55% reported to have always slept under it during their last pregnancy. Analysis revealed that the odds of owning and using ITNs were respectively 2.07 (95% CI: 1.62–2.63) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.32–2.27) times higher among women who attended at least one ANC visit. The self-reported prevalence of malaria infection during pregnancy was low (1.4%) across the three districts. We found that young, uneducated, and unemployed women presented higher odds of malaria infection during their last pregnancy. Conclusion ANC and ITN uptake during pregnancy in Jimma Zone fall below the respective targets of 95 and 90% set in the Ethiopian Health Sector Transformation Plan for 2020, suggesting that more intensive programmatic efforts still need to be directed towards improving access to these health services. Reaching ANC non-users and ITN ownership and use as part of ANC services could be emphasized to address these gaps.

Quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients in Spain

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-H Chang ◽  
D Cella ◽  
O Fernández ◽  
G Luque ◽  
P de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: The cross-sectional study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) Spanish version and its use in measuring quality of life (QOL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Spain. Methods: The FAMS is a factorially derived self-report scale designed to assess six primary aspects of QOL of patients with MS: Mobility, Symptoms, Emotional Well-Being, General Contentment, Thinking and Fatigue, and Family/Social Well-Being. Its Spanish translated version was used to assess QOL of 625 MS patients recruited in an outpatient clinic setting from 58 hospitals in Spain. Internal consistency of the Spanish FAMS was evaluated. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors from demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in predicting FAMS scale scores. Results: Most of the patients are females (66%), and 74% were of the relapsing-remitting (RR) clinical subtype. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were high (range=0.78-0.96), indicating subscale homogeneity comparable to that of the original English version. Linear multivariate regression analyses revealed that the EDSS is a dominant variable in predicting all the FAMS subscales, especially mobility (R2=0.51) and the total scores. Conclusions: The Spanish FAMS is a psychometrically valid instrument that allows clinicians and clinical researchers the ability to measure the QOL concerns of MS patients in Spain.

scholarly journals Relationship between Body Mass Index and Tooth Decay in a Population of 3–6-Year-Old Children in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Shafie Bafti ◽  
Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour ◽  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Zeinab Hoseinian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between BMI and tooth decay in a population of Iranian children. In this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study, 1482 children were selected from kindergartens and preschool centers in Kerman, Iran. The children underwent examination of deciduous teeth (using the dmft index) after determination of height and weight for calculation of BMI. The relationship between BMI (after adjustment for age) and dmft was determined using Poisson’s regression model. The mean of dmft in children with normal BMI was 1.5-fold that in subjects with extra body weight. Age had a significant effect on dmft. In addition, dmft was higher in boys compared to girls. The results of the present study showed that caries rate in the deciduous teeth of 3–6-year-old children decreases with an increase in body weight.

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