Influence of operating conditions on performance of ceramic membrane used for water treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Urbanowska ◽  
Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Permeate Flux

AbstractThe removal of natural organic matter (NOM) is a critical aspect of potable water treatment because NOM compounds are precursors of harmful disinfection by-products, hence should be removed from water intended for human consumption. Ultrafiltration using ceramic membranes can be a suitable process for removal of natural substances. Previously reported experiments were dedicated to evaluating the suitability of ultrafiltration through ceramic membrane for water treatment with a focus on the separation of natural organic matter. The effects of the membrane operating time and linear flow velocity on transport and separation properties were also examined. The experiments, using a 7-channel 300 kDa MWCO ceramic membrane, were carried out with model solutions and surface water at trans-membrane pressure of 0.2–0.5 MPa. The results revealed that a loose UF ceramic membrane can successfully eliminate natural organic matter from water. The permeability of the membrane was strongly affected by the composition of the feed stream, i.e. the permeate flux decreased with an increase in the NOM concentration. The permeate flux also decreased over the period of the operation, while this parameter did not influence the effectiveness of separation, i.e. the removal of NOM. It was observed that the increased cross-flow velocity resulted in the decrease in the membrane-fouling intensity and slightly improved the retention of contaminants.

scholarly journals Effective natural organic matter removal in pond water by carbon nanotube membrane with flocculation/adsorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087
Author(s):  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Saravanamuth Vigneswaran ◽  
Yongshun Zhang ◽  
Ramireddy S. P. Raj Reddy ◽  
Zongwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Flux Decline

A carbon nanotube (CNT) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was applied to natural organic matter (NOM) removal in pond water treatment. The source water was pretreated by flocculation and/or adsorption prior to the UF process to alleviate permeate flux decline and improve NOM removal efficiency. The performance of a commercial polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane was compared to evaluate that of the CNT membrane. The CNT membrane outperformed the PES-UF membrane. The permeate flux, total organic carbon and humic acid (HA) removal rate of the CNT membrane was observed to be 230 LMH/bar, 60%, and 80% when 30 mg/L poly aluminium chloride (PACI) flocculation was applied. This highlights that the permeate flux was three times higher with slightly higher rejection efficiency than the PES-UF membrane. In particular, severe permeate flux decline was completely overcome by the CNT membrane with 30 mg/L PACI coagulation. For powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, even though there was a severe permeate flux decline in the CNT membrane, almost complete HA removal (98%) was achieved when 0.5 g/L PAC adsorption was coupled. Based on the superior performance of the CNT membrane with pretreatment, the CNT membrane is suggested to be a robust system for a high concentration of organic matter pond water treatment without membrane flux decline.

scholarly journals Natural organic matter fractionation along the treatment of water for human consumption

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Organic Matter Fractionation ◽  
Hydrophobic Acids

The main objective of this study was to characterize the organic matter present in raw water and along the treatment process, as well as its seasonal variation. A natural organic matter fractionation approach has been applied to Lever water treatment plant located in Douro River, in Oporto (Portugal). The process used was based on the sorption of dissolved organic matter in different types of ion exchange resins, DAX-8, DAX-4 and IRA-958, allowing its separation into four fractions: very hydrophobic acids (VHA), slightly hydrophobic acids (SHA), charged hydrophilic (CHA) and hydrophilic neutral (NEU). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) determination was used to quantify dissolved organic matter. Samples were collected monthly, during approximately one year, from raw water captured at the surface and under the bed of the river, and after each step of the treatment: pre-filtration in sand/anthracite filters, ozonation, coagulation/flocculation, counter current dissolved air flotation and filtration (CoCoDAFF) and chlorination. The NEU fraction showed a seasonal variation, with maximum values in autumn for the sampling points corresponding to raw water captured at the surface and under the bed of the river. It was usually the predominating fraction and did not show a significant decrease throughout the treatment. Nevertheless their low concentration, the same occurred for the CHA and VHA fractions. There was an overall decrease in the SHA fraction throughout the water treatment (especially after CoCoDAFF and ozonation) as well as in the DOC. The TSUVA254 values obtained for raw water generally varied between 2.0 and 4.0 L mgC-1 m-1 and between 0.75 and 1.78 L mgC-1 m-1 for treated water. It was observed a decrease of TSUVA values along the treatment, especially after ozonation. These results may contribute to a further optimization in the process of treating water for human consumption.

Ceramic membranes for direct river water treatment applying coagulation and microfiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi-Brügger ◽  
S. Panglisch ◽  
P. Buchta ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
H. Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
River Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

A new ceramic membrane has been designed by NGK Insulators Ltd., Japan, to compete in the drinking water treatment market. The IWW Water Centre, Germany, investigated the operational performance and economical feasibility of this ceramic membrane in a one year pilot study of direct river water treatment with the hybrid process of coagulation and microfiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate flux, recovery, and DOC retention performance and to determine optimum operating conditions of NGK's ceramic membrane filtration system with special regards to economical aspects. Temporarily, the performance of the ceramic membrane was challenged under adverse conditions. During pilot plant operation river water with turbidities between 3 and 100 FNU was treated. Membrane flux was increased stepwise from 80–300 l/m2h resulting in recoveries between 95.9 and 98.9%. A DOC removal between about 20–35% was achieved. The pilot study and the subsequent economical evaluation showed the potential to provide a reliable and cost competitive process option for water treatment. The robustness of the ceramic membrane filtration process makes it attractive for a broad range of water treatment applications and, due to low maintenance requirements, also suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries.

Interactions Between Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and Membranes: Rejection and Fouling

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Amy ◽  
Jaeweon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Molecular Weight Cutoff

This work demonstrates that interactions between membranes and natural organic matter (NOM) include rejection by both steric and electrostatic exclusion, and fouling by adsorption. NOM rejection and fouling are influenced by both NOM characteristics (molecular weight, aromaticity/humic content, and charge) and membrane properties (molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), hydrophobicity, and charge) as well as hydrodynamic operating conditions represented by a f/k ratio (the ratio of permeate flux (f) to a diffusional back-transport mass transfer coefficient (k)).

Determination of mass transport characteristics for natural organic matter (NOM) in ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lee ◽  
Y. Shim ◽  
In S. Kim ◽  
J. Sohn ◽  
S.K. Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration

This study is mainly concerned with establishing a reliable method of the quantitative analysis of natural organic matter (NOM) transport characteristics through ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes with molecular weight cutoffs of 8000 (GM) and 250 (ESNA), respectively. Filtrations were conducted with a cross-flow filtration unit and hydrodynamic operating conditions were controlled by a J0/k ratio (the ratio of initial permeate flux [J0] to a back diffusional mass transfer coefficient [k]). A four-parameter (the apparent mass transfer coefficient [ka], the solute concentration near the membrane surface [Cm], the solute permeability [Pm], and the reflection coefficient (σ) model based on concentration polarization and irreversible thermodynamics was used to manipulate experimental results quantitatively. With the values of the determined parameters, the transport characteristics of NOM due to different solution chemistries such as pH and ionic strength through UF/NF membrane pores were investigated. This model was also used to demonstrate the effects of NOM structure (hydrophobic/transphilic/hydrophilic) on transport through the membranes, with XAD-8/4 resins fractionation and isolation procedures. Four parameters estimated through the model were revealed to be relevant to elucidate the behaviors of NOM in membranes and corresponding transport-related results were in good agreement with the theoretical descriptions related to the interactions between NOM molecules and membrane surface/pores.

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) using ozonation and ultrafiltration

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-C. Chang ◽  
Y.-W. Pan ◽  
S.-S. Chen ◽  
C.-K. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Potential ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Optimal Dosing

Pilot studies were conducted at Liu-Du water treatment located in Keelung, Taiwan. Raw water was first treated by conventional coagulation- sedimentation-filtration (CSF) processes, and then pumped into the pilot plants. For the pilot plants, both ozone/GAC and ozone/UF processes were operated simultaneously for NOM removal comparisons. Both systems were controlled at the same operating conditions with ozone dosing of 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/L. The results demonstrate that both ozone/UF and ozone/GAC processes can enhance NOM removal after the CSF process. More NOM was removed by the Ozone/GAC process because ozone broke the large molecules into smaller molecules, which increases the GAC adsorption potential. However, the ozone/UF process provides higher removal capacity in turbidity. In both processes, ozone dosing was not proportional to NOM removal of each process and 6.0 mg/L is found to be the optimal dosing. Owing to increasing adsorbability by ozonation, the ozone/GAC process is a very competitive process in NOM removal when associated with the CSF process.

Mass Transfer in Tubular Ceramic Membranes for Polluted Water Treatment - Numerical Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saraiva de Souza ◽  
S. José dos Santos Filho ◽  
Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto ◽  
A.G. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
H.A. Luma Fernandes Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Water Separation

Innovative technologies are needed to attend the increasingly strict requirements for produced water treatment, since most of the separation processes are limited to particles larger than 10 μm. Separation processes using ceramic membranes are attracting great interest from academic and industrial community. Nevertheless, few studies, especially numerical, regarding the inorganic membrane’s application for the polluted water separation have been reported. In the present work, therefore, a study of fluid-flow dynamics for a laminar regime in porous tubes (tubular porous ceramic membrane) has been performed. The mass, momentum and mass transport conservation equations were solved with the aid of a structured mesh using ANSYS CFX commercial package. The velocity of local permeation was determined using the resistance in series model. The specific resistance of the polarized layer was obtained by Carman-Kozeny equation. The numerical results were evaluated and compared with the results available in the literature, where by a good agreement with each other was found. The numerical results, obtained by the proposed shell and tubular membrane separation module, indicate that there is facilitation of mass transfer and hence a reduction in the thickness of the polarized boundary layer occurs.

Removal of natural organic matter at the Gunbower water treatment plant in northern Victoria, Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 9061-9069
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Jeong ◽  
Tien Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran ◽  
Jaya Kandasamy ◽  
Dharma Dharmabalan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant
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