Morphological separation of aphid species Cryptomyzus leonuri Bozhko, 1961 and Cryptomyzus alboapicalis (Theobald, 1916) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jekaterina Bašilova ◽  
Rimantas Rakauskas
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Forward Stepwise ◽  
Leonurus Cardiaca ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractAphids of the species Cryptomyzus alboapicalis (Theobald, 1916) and Cryptomyzus leonuri Bozhko, 1961 are very similar morphologically, although exploit different host plants (Lamium album and Leonurus cardiaca, respectively). Morphological characters proposed for the separation of this species couple in the identification key to European Cryptomyzus species appeared to be of little discriminatory power when applied to apterous viviparous females from clonal lineages, whilst alate viviparous females of C. leonuri were not included in the key at all. The aim of this study was to find reliable morphological characters and their combinations for the separation of apterous and alate viviparous females of C. alboapicalis and C. leonuri. Forward stepwise discriminant analysis based on characters without statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlation (|r| ≥ 0.50) with body length resulted in canonical functions enabling correct classification of 95–100% of specimens from clonal lineages involved in the analysis with a priori specified group membership. The post hoc classification gave 95–100% correct identification of individuals from clonal and 85–100% from field-collected samples. The discriminative values of single morphological characters and canonical functions are discussed and modified key for the morphological identification of C. alboapicalis and C. leonuri apterous and alate viviparous females is suggested.

scholarly journals Wound Myiasis Caused bySarcophaga (Liopygia) Argyrostoma(Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): Additional Evidences of the Morphological Identification Dilemma and Molecular Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annunziata Giangaspero ◽  
Marianna Marangi ◽  
Antonio Balotta ◽  
Claudio Venturelli ◽  
Krzysztof Szpila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Wound Myiasis

In Mediterranean countries,Sarcophaga (Liopygia) crassipalpis,Sarcophaga (L.) argyrostoma,andSarcophaga (L.) cultellatashare the same ecological niche and can be responsible of myiasis. In this study, the main morphological characters of a larva found in a hospitalized woman were described and illustrated by light and SEM microscopy and the features discussed. Then, a fragment within the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(coxI)gene of ~735 bp was amplified and sequenced. The molecular investigation was necessary to confirm the speciesSarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma(99% of identity). Our findings showed that morphological descriptions of larvae of three Mediterranean species ofLiopygiaavailable in several papers might not be clear enough to allow for comparison and correct identification. Until results of reliable comparative studies of larvae of all three species will be available, the use of molecular tools is crucial, to avoid misleading or incomplete identification, and in particular when a myiasis becomes a legal issue.

scholarly journals First Report and Distribution of the Indian Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
K O Fening ◽  
E E Forchibe ◽  
F O Wamonje ◽  
I Adama ◽  
K Afreh-Nuamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Brassica Crops

Abstract The presence of large colonies of aphids is associated with a devastating novel necrotic disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Ghana that is thought to be of viral etiology. In this study, we used molecular taxonomic tools to identify the aphid species present on these diseased cabbage plants. This was confirmed using two key features for morphological identification, involving the length of cornicles and shape of cauda for the wingless forms of the aphids. Two species of aphids were identified and their distribution in Ghana indicated. One was the generalist aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) but the most abundant was the brassica specialist aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is one of the most destructive pests of brassica crops in some countries in Africa and other parts of the world. L. erysimi has been reported in Benin, Mali, South Africa, India, China, and United States, but this is the first formal report of L. erysimi pseudobrassicae in Ghana. The correct identification of L. erysimi is crucial, suggesting that it has recently become one of the most common species of aphid found on cabbage plants in Ghana.

scholarly journals Revision and morphological analysis of the Ragadidae (Insecta, Diptera)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Several taxonomic groups within Empidoidea Latreille, 1809 have been subject to unclear phylogenetic assignments along with multiple parallel hypotheses causing difficulties in classification and morphological identification. This study reviews the internal classification of the Ragadidae and includes a diagnosis and description of all included subfamilies and genera based on the results of an analysis of morphological characters using maximum parsimony. Illustration of important characters and a key to all genera in the family is given. The genus Hormopeza Zetterstedt, 1838 is found to be most closely related to Anthepiscopus Becker, 1891 and Iteaphila Zetterstedt, 1838, and the subfamily Iteaphilinae Wahlberg & Johanson, 2018 is therefore expanded to also include that genus. Hormopeza is consequently excluded from Ragadinae Sinclair, 2016. This study provides diagnoses, descriptions and keys in a contribution to a thorough classification of the empidoid groups and increased ease in morphological recognition.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

scholarly journals When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report ( Kerr, 1998 ). In the present article, I discuss 3 forms of HARKing: (a) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (b) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (c) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These 3 types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these 3 types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.

A Priori Typology-Based Prediction of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna for Ecological Classification of Rivers

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Aroviita ◽  
Esa Koskenniemi ◽  
Juho Kotanen ◽  
Heikki Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Ecological Classification ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

The relevance of oral language skills to early literacy: A multivariate analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH L. SPEECE ◽  
FROMA P. ROTH ◽  
DAVID H. COOPER ◽  
SUSAN DE LA PAZ
Keyword(s):  
Early Literacy ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Oral Language Skills ◽  
Subtype Differences

This study examined relationships between oral language and literacy in a two-year, multivariate design. Through empirical cluster analysis of a sample of 88 kindergarten children, four oral language subtypes were identified based on measures of semantics, syntax, metalinguistics, and oral narration. Validation efforts included (a) concurrent and predictive analyses of subtype differences on reading, spelling, and listening comprehension measures based on a priori hypotheses and (b) a comparison of the teacher classification of the children with the empirical classification. The subtypes represented high average, low average, high narrative, and low overall patterns of oral language skill. The high average subtype received the most consistent evidence for validation. The pattern of validation results indicates that the relationship between oral language and literacy is not uniform and suggests a modification of the assumption that oral language skills have a direct role in reading acquisition.

scholarly journals An iterative and automated computational pipeline for untargeted strain-level identification using MS/MS spectra from pathogenic samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Kuhring ◽  
Joerg Doellinger ◽  
Andreas Nitsche ◽  
Thilo Muth ◽  
Bernhard Y. Renard
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Taxonomic Assignments

AbstractUntargeted accurate strain-level classification of a priori unidentified organisms using tandem mass spectrometry is a challenging task. Reference databases often lack taxonomic depth, limiting peptide assignments to the species level. However, the extension with detailed strain information increases runtime and decreases statistical power. In addition, larger databases contain a higher number of similar proteomes.We present TaxIt, an iterative workflow to address the increasing search space required for MS/MS-based strain-level classification of samples with unknown taxonomic origin. TaxIt first applies reference sequence data for initial identification of species candidates, followed by automated acquisition of relevant strain sequences for low level classification. Furthermore, proteome similarities resulting in ambiguous taxonomic assignments are addressed with an abundance weighting strategy to improve candidate confidence.We apply our iterative workflow on several samples of bacterial and viral origin. In comparison to non-iterative approaches using unique peptides or advanced abundance correction, TaxIt identifies microbial strains correctly in all examples presented (with one tie), thereby demonstrating the potential for untargeted and deeper taxonomic classification. TaxIt makes extensive use of public, unrestricted and continuously growing sequence resources such as the NCBI databases and is available under open-source license at https://gitlab.com/rki_bioinformatics.

scholarly journals BETTER ALTERNATIVES FOR STEPWISE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (311) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stąpor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Tabu Search ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Discriminant Analysis can best be defined as a technique which allows the classification of an individual into several dictinctive populations on the basis of a set of measurements. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) is concerned with selecting the most important variables whilst retaining the highest discrimination power possible. The process of selecting a smaller number of variables is often necessary for a variety number of reasons. In the existing statistical software packages SDA is based on the classic feature selection methods. Many problems with such stepwise procedures have been identified. In this work the new method based on the metaheuristic strategy tabu search will be presented together with the experimental results conducted on the selected benchmark datasets. The results are promising.

scholarly journals Interactive key (Lucid) for identification of fungi in vegetable seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Caroline Geraldi Pierozzi ◽  
Ricardo Toshio Fujihara ◽  
Efrain de Santana Souza ◽  
Marília Pizetta ◽  
Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Correct Identification

ABSTRACT Interactive keys are tools that aid research and technical work since identification of organisms has become increasingly present in the scientific and academic context. An interactive key was developed with the software Lucid v. 3.3 for the identification of eleven fungal species associated with onion, carrot, pepper and tomato seeds. It was based on a matrix composed of six features: crop, conidium, conidiophore, color of long conidiophore, color of mycelium and presence of setae, besides 21 character states. In addition, descriptions, illustrations and high-resolution photographs of the morphological characters and states were made available to aid in the correct identification of fungal species. Validation of the interactive key was performed by distinct groups of volunteers: (i) graduate students with prior knowledge and using the interactive key; (ii) undergraduate students with little prior knowledge and using the interactive key, and (iii) undergraduate students with little prior knowledge and using the conventional identification system such as the printed manuals used in seed pathology laboratories. We analyzed the time spent by each volunteer to evaluate 25 seeds infected with the fungal species in the key, as well as the percentage of success and the difficulty level for each participant. The high percentage of correct answers with the use of the interactive key and the ease of use by the volunteers confirmed its efficiency because there was an increase in the identification accuracy when compared to the conventional system. Furthermore, the rate of success and the difficulty level presented low variability within groups (i) and (ii). These results are a consequence of the interaction of the user with characteristics of the developed tool, such as high-resolution photographs, which faithfully reproduce the fungal characteristics observed in the seeds under a stereomicroscope. Thus, the interactive key presented here can aid in teaching, institutional and commercial research, inspection and certification of seeds, making diagnosis safer and more accurate. The key is available for free at https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/seed_fungi/.

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