scholarly journals How Precise are Size-Based Age Estimations in the Sand Lizard (Lacerta Agilis)?

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Borczyk ◽  
Łukasz Paśko

How Precise are Size-Based Age Estimations in the Sand Lizard (Lacerta Agilis)?Reptiles show a positive correlation between age and body size and it is common practice to infer the age of an animal from its size. However, the growth rate often differs between individuals, thus such practice may lead to false conclusions. Because age of an animal is a very important factor in many ecological studies, it should be determined with a minimum of error. Here, we compare the body size distribution among different age classes of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) to infer if it is possible to correctly determine their age on the basis of the body length. Our results show that the average error in age estimation on the basis of the lizard size is 1.36 year which is approximately 1/3 the average sand lizard life span.

Herpetozoa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio M. Guarino ◽  
Angelica Crottini ◽  
Marcello Mezzasalma ◽  
Jasmin E. Randrianirina ◽  
Franco Andreone

We characterized the body size (as snout-vent length), age, sexual size dimorphism, and growth rate in a population of one of the larger riparian frog from Madagascar (Mantidactylusgrandidieri) from a rainforest patch close to Vevembe, SE Madagascar. We identified a significant female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Age was estimated using phalangeal skeletochronology and was significantly higher in females than in males. Modal age class turned out to be 4 years in both sexes but a large percentage of adult females (75%) fell in the 5–6 years-old classes, while no male exceeded 4 years. We here report M.grandidieri as a medium-long-lived anuran species. Von Bertalanffy’s model showed similar growth trajectories between the sexes although the growth coefficient in females (k = 0.335) was slightly but not significantly higher than in males (k = 0.329).


2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong ◽  
Matthew Walsh

Predation has been shown to either increase or decrease the body mass of fish, as well as cause variable changes in growth rate. The mechanisms underlying these contrasting responses are not well understood. Here we compared intraspecific body size and growth responses to predation against a backdrop of 2006 estimates of asymptotic mass and growth constants (i.e., von Bertalanffy parameters) across species. We show that intraspecific responses can be quite large relative to interspecific variation and confirm that the magnitude and direction of body size responses is variable. We then employed the supply–demand (SD) model of body mass evolution to explore how predator-induced changes in resource demand or supply could alter body mass. The SD model predicts that any combination of increasing or decreasing body mass and increasing or decreasing growth rate is possible when predation risk is increased, which is consistent with the literature. Finally, we use three case studies to illustrate how the interplay of resource supply and resource demand determines the actual body mass and growth rate response to predation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Nadia Ayuningthias ◽  
Hasan Nasrullah ◽  
Dinar Tri Soelistiyowati ◽  
Eni Kusrini ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin

Highlight ResearchThe F2 of GH-transgenic B. imbellis was successfully producedThe transgene inheritance by the F2 fish was more than 90%The growth and body size of transgenic fish was significantly higher than controlF2 fish reached a larger body size in a shorter period compared to the F1 AbstractIn our previous research, we had successfully produced G0 and G1 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus growth hormone (PhGH) transgenic B. imbellis, native ornamental betta from Indonesia, which its giant-sized variant has valuable price for the breeders. The G0 and G1 transgenic (TG) fish showed higher growth rate and body size compared to the non-transgenic (NT) fish. The study was aimed to produce and evaluate the consistencies of transgene transmission and expression in G2 generation. The growth rate and body size between TG and NT fish was also compared. The G2 generation was produced using crosses between TG and NT G1 fish: ♂TG × ♀TG, ♂TG × ♀NT, ♂NT × ♀TG, and ♂NT ×♀ NT. Fish were reared for 12 weeks, and transgene detection was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) on isolated DNA from the caudal fin clips. The endogenous and exogenous GH expression analysis was conducted using the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method. The results showed that the inheritance of the GH transgene by the G2 fish was more than 90% in all transgenic crosses. Endogenous GH was expressed at the same levels in the brain of TG and NT fish, but the exogenous GH expression was highly detected only in the TG fish. The G2 transgenic fish had a higher specific growth rate, up to 31%, compared to the control. The body length of TG crosses were 23−35% higher and had 111−135% higher body weight compared to NT fish. These results showed a promising approached in mass-producing stable lines of giant-sized betta using the GH-transgenic technology.


PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tong ◽  
Xiao-peng Du ◽  
Zong-fu Hu ◽  
Li-yong Cui ◽  
Hong-bin Wang

Well-controlled development leads to uniform body size and a better growth rate; therefore, the ability to determine the growth rate of frogs and their period of sexual maturity is essential for producing healthy, high-quality descendant frogs. To establish a working model that can best predict the growth performance of frogs, the present study examined the growth of one-year-old and two-year-old brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) from metamorphosis to hibernation (18 weeks) and out-hibernation to hibernation (20 weeks) under the same environmental conditions. Brown frog growth was studied and mathematically modelled using various nonlinear, linear, and polynomial functions. The model input values were statistically evaluated using parameters such as the Akaike’s information criterion. The body weight/size ratio (Kwl) and Fulton’s condition factor (K) were used to compare the weight and size of groups of frogs during the growth period. The results showed that the third- and fourth-order polynomial models provided the most consistent predictions of body weight for age 1 and age 2 brown frogs, respectively. Both the Gompertz and third-order polynomial models yielded similarly adequate results for the body size of age 1 brown frogs, while the Janoschek model produced a similarly adequate result for the body size of age 2 brown frogs. The Brody and Janoschek models yielded the highest and lowest estimates of asymptotic weight, respectively, for the body weights of all frogs. TheKwlvalue of all frogs increased from 0.40 to 3.18. TheKvalue of age 1 frogs decreased from 23.81 to 9.45 in the first four weeks. TheKvalue of age 2 frogs remained close to 10. Graphically, a sigmoidal trend was observed for body weight and body size with increasing age. The results of this study will be useful not only for amphibian research but also for frog farming management strategies and decisions.


Paleobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
David K. Moss ◽  
Linda C. Ivany ◽  
Douglas S. Jones

Abstract The field of sclerochronology has long been known to paleobiologists. Yet, despite the central role of growth rate, age, and body size in questions related to macroevolution and evolutionary ecology, these types of studies and the data they produce have received only episodic attention from paleobiologists since the field's inception in the 1960s. It is time to reconsider their potential. Not only can sclerochronological data help to address long-standing questions in paleobiology, but they can also bring to light new questions that would otherwise have been impossible to address. For example, growth rate and life-span data, the very data afforded by chronological growth increments, are essential to answer questions related not only to heterochrony and hence evolutionary mechanisms, but also to body size and organism energetics across the Phanerozoic. While numerous fossil organisms have accretionary skeletons, bivalves offer perhaps one of the most tangible and intriguing pathways forward, because they exhibit clear, typically annual, growth increments and they include some of the longest-lived, non-colonial animals on the planet. In addition to their longevity, modern bivalves also show a latitudinal gradient of increasing life span and decreasing growth rate with latitude that might be related to the latitudinal diversity gradient. Is this a recently developed phenomenon or has it characterized much of the group's history? When and how did extreme longevity evolve in the Bivalvia? What insights can the growth increments of fossil bivalves provide about hypotheses for energetics through time? In spite of the relative ease with which the tools of sclerochronology can be applied to these questions, paleobiologists have been slow to adopt sclerochronological approaches. Here, we lay out an argument and the methods for a path forward in paleobiology that uses sclerochronology to answer some of our most pressing questions.


2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Declerck ◽  
Vanessa Geenens ◽  
Nicole Podoor ◽  
José Maria Conde Porcuna ◽  
Luc De Meester

Intraspecific interactions may limit population growth of small cladoceran taxa under food-rich, hypertrophic conditions. Multiple-regression models significantly explained a large proportion of the variation in the body size adjusted fecundity and population growth rate of crustacean zooplankton taxa in a shallow, hypertrophic lake. The results of partial correlation analyses suggested exploitative competition to have only limited significance in determining the zooplankton dynamics. The analyses also revealed strong negative relationships between biomass and both body size adjusted fecundity and population growth rate within most taxa. Most of these relationships cannot be explained by food shortage or predation and suggest alternative mechanisms such as chemically mediated, intraspecific interference competition or life history shifts.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Rajab Rajab

Growth, which is defined as an increase in body size per unit time, is one of the most important characteristics of farm animals. The purpose of this research was to know and analysis the growth pattern of native fowl ranging in intensive farming system. Animals used in this study consists 101 native fowls which measured in 8 weeks of age to defined bodi weight and growth pattern. Results of analisys showed that the body weight of chicken was 732,21 g on age of 8 weeks with 10,61 g / day of growth rate. As a result, growth pattern fitted to the body weight – age data from native fowls  might suggest us to used intensif farming system in native fowls rearing..


Rangifer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Reimers

<p>The paper discusses growth rate- and body size differences in Rangifer; their causes and effects. Growth rates and autumn body weights vary considerably both within and between Rangifer subspecies. The variation measured is within limits found in animals of same genetical stock subjected to different environments. Reproductive age, pregnancy rate, calving time and mortality either are or may be functionally related to autumn body weights. The differences in growth rates and body size among Rangifer in different areas are caused primarily by differences in environmental factors during the summer, including stress. The quality of the winter pastures has a minor effect on the body size in areas where the summer conditions allow the animals to grow at their maximum rate. In areas where maximum growth rates for various reasons are counteracted, severely overgrazed winter pastures will contribute to reduced body size. Stress in the terms of human disturbance, insects and predators and the effect on Rangifer activity pattern and hence on growth rates and body size need to be more thoroughly dealt with.</p><p>Forskjeller i vekst og st&oslash;rrelse hos Rangifer, en studie over &aring;rsaker og virkninger.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Arbeidet diskuterer &aring;rsaker til og virkninger av vekst- og st&oslash;rrelsesforskjeller hos Rangifer. Vekst og h&oslash;stvekter varierer betydelig b&aring;de innen og mellom de enkelte &AElig;angj/er-underartene. Variasjonene er imidlertid ikke st&oslash;rre enn de som er beskrevet i bestander med samme genetiske utgangspunkt og utsatt for ulike milj&oslash;forhold. Alder ved kj&oslash;nnsmodning, drektighetsfrekvens, kalvingstid og d&oslash;delighet er eller synes &aring; v&aelig;re relatert til h&oslash;stvektene. Vekst-og st&oslash;rrelsesforskjeller hos rein og caribou i ulike omr&aring;der skyldes i f&oslash;rste rekke forskjeller i milj&oslash;faktorene om sommeren, stress inkludert. Kvaliteten av vinterbeitene har liten effekt p&aring; kroppsst&oslash;rrelse i omr&aring;der hvor forholdene sommerstid tillater maksimal veksthastighet. I omr&aring;der hvor dette av forskjellige grunner ikke skjer, vil sterkt overbeitede vinterbeiter bidra til reduserte kroppsvekter. Stress i form av menneskelige forstyrrelser, insekter og rovdyr og effekten p&aring; reinens/caribouens aktivitetsbudsjett og derigjennom p&aring; vekst og kroppsvekt har krav p&aring; st&oslash;rre forskningsinteresse.</p><p>Rangiferin kasvun ja suuruuden eroavaisuuksia. Tutkielma syist&aring; ja vaikutuksista.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Tyo k&aring;sittelee syit&aring; ja vaikutuksia Rangiferin kasvu - ja suuruuseroavaisuuksista. Kasvu ja syyspainot vaihtelevat huomattavasti sek&aring; yksitt&aring;isiss&aring; Rangifer - alalajeissa ett&aring; lajien kesken. Vaihtelu ei ole kuitenkaan suurempi kuin se mit&aring; on kerrottu laumoista, joilla on sama perinnollinen l&aring;htokohta ja jotka ovat joutuneet erilaisten ymparistotekijoiden vaikuttamiksi. Sukukypsyysik&aring;, tiinehtyvyystaajuus, vasonta-aika ja kuolleisuus on tai n&aring;ytt&aring;&aring; olevan suhteessa syyspainoihin. Syy kasvu - ja suuruuseroavaisuuksiin poroilla ja karibulla eri seuduilla n&aring;ytt&aring;&aring; ensi sijassa olevan ymp&aring;ristotekijoiden eroavaisuudet kes&aring;ll&aring;, stressi mukaanluettuna. Talvilaitumien laadulla on pieni vaikutus ruumiin suuruuteen seuduilla, joissa olosuhteet kes&aring;aikaan sallivat enimm&aring;iskasvunopeuden. Seuduilla, joissa t&aring;ta ei tapahdu - eri syist&aring; johtuen, voimakkaasti ylirasitetut talvilaitumet vaikuttavat alentuneisiin ruumiinpainoihin. Stressi, inhimillisten h&aring;irioden muodossa, hyonteiset ja petoel&aring;imet ja poron/karibun vaikutus toimintaan sek&aring; siten kasvuun ja ruumiinpainoon ovat seikkoja, jotka vaativat suurempaa tutkimuskiinnostusta.</p>


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