scholarly journals Long Lexical Bundles and Standardisation in Historical Legal Texts

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kopaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Lexical Bundles ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Unchanged Form

Abstract Standardisation on the level of text is visible in the employment of stable and fixed expressions for a specific textual purpose. When gauging the extent of standardisation in texts, one of the parameters which should be taken into consideration is the length of such stable patterns. Since it is more difficult, and therefore rarer, to reproduce long chunks of text in an unchanged form, such a practice points towards greater standardisation. To explore the textual behaviour of long fixed strings in legal texts, this paper concentrates on long lexical bundles built out of eight consecutive elements (8-grams) and their frequency and function in historical legal texts. The database for this pilot paper comprises two collections of legal and administrative texts written in Scots between the fourteenth and the sixteenth century. The research results point to a considerable degree of textual standardisation throughout the corpus and to the most prominent functions of long repetitive chunks in historical legal discourse.

scholarly journals A corpus-driven analysis of structural types of lexical bundles in court judgments in English and their translation into Lithuanian

Kalbotyra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (70) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Donata Berūkštienė
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
English Court ◽  
Lexical Bundles ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Formulaicity is one of the characteristic features of legal discourse, which manifests itself not only at the level of wording, “but also in the content, structure and layout” of legal texts (Ruusila & Londroos 2016, 123). Formulaic language, which includes phrasal and prepositional verbs, idioms, collocations, lexico-grammatical associations, lexical bundles, etc., are building blocks of legal discourse shaping legal text meanings. However, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the nature of frequently occurring “sequences of three or more words that show a statistical tendency to co-occur” (Biber & Conrad 1999, 183), i.e. lexical bundles, in different genres of legal texts. Most studies in the field of lexical bundles in legal texts have only been based on one language (e.g. Jablonkai 2009; Goźdź-Roszkowski 2011; Breeze 2013), whereas translation-oriented contrastive studies on lexical bundles are lacking. In respect of the aforementioned gaps, the aim of this pilot study is to analyse structural types of lexical bundles in court judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union in English and to examine the way these structures are rendered into Lithuanian. To gain insights into the frequency and structure of lexical bundles, the present study uses the methodological guidelines of corpus linguistics. The classification of lexical bundles into structural types is based on the framework suggested by Biber et al. (1999, 2004). For the purpose of this study, a parallel corpus of court judgments was compiled comprising approximately 1 million words of original court judgments in the English language and about 8 hundred thousand words of court judgments translated into Lithuanian. Lexical bundles in this research were identified using the corpus analysis toolkit AntConc 3.4.4 (Anthony 2015). A concordance program AntPConc 1.2.0 (Anthony 2017) was employed to find Lithuanian equivalents of the most frequent lexical bundles identified in the English court judgments. The evidence from this study suggests that different structural types of lexical bundles have more or less regular equivalents in Lithuanian; however, in most cases, these equivalents tend to be shorter.

scholarly journals Sovereignty and Natural Law in the Legal Discourse of the Ancien Régime

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Troper
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Final Point ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Legal Texts

AbstractWhenever sovereignty is defined as a supreme, absolute, unfettered and unlimited power, there is an obvious contradiction between two ideas: that states are sovereign and that they can or should be limited. Nevertheless, while many legal texts proclaim sovereignty, there are several signs that states are indeed limited by constitutional or international law. In light of this situation, some authors claim that those texts are mere proclamations and that sovereignty is an obsolete concept, while others argue that states are still sovereign and that there are no real limits, but others still try to conceive of sovereignty as limited by morality or natural law. Professor Benvenisti’s remarkable theory of sovereigns as trustees of humanity is part of a very old tradition going back to the sixteenth century where sovereignty was defined as an absolute power, which is unlimited by positive law, yet based on and limited by natural law. This Article tries to show that this concept of sovereignty has emerged because of the necessity to provide a final point of imputation to the hierarchy of norms, and that the limitation by natural law was part of the original definition. Sovereignty so defined can usefully justify not only the power of kings and lawmakers but also that of courts trying to control kings and lawmakers.

scholarly journals De esclavos a ciudadanos y malentretenidos. Representaciones del negro en el discurso jurídico colombiano del siglo XIX

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Isabel Rosas Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
National Community ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Siglo Xix

Mediante una narrativa historiográfica elaborada a partir de textos legales, el presente documento pretende interpretar las ausencias y presencias del negro en el discurso jurídico decimonónico producido una vez obtenida la independencia de España en los albores del siglo XIX. Teniendo en cuenta que la imaginación del Estado republicano representó un desafío para las elites criollas, las cuales —pese a predicar retóricamente la consolidación de una comunidad nacional basada en la igualdad y la democracia— construyeron una idea de Nación sobre los basamentos ideológicos coloniales, perpetuados en la repulsión elitista hacia la masa o plebe, lo que a la postre produjo su exclusión de la promisoria modernidad.  From Slaves to Citizens and Vagabonds. Representations of Blackness in the Colombian Legal Discourse during the 19th CenturyAbstractThrough a historiographical narrative drawn from legal texts, this paper aims to interpret the absence and presence of black people in the nineteenth-century legal discourse produced once the independence of Spain was obtained in the early nineteenth century. Considering that the imagination of a State Republican represented a challenge for the local elites, —which despite of  preaching rhetorically the consolidation of a national community based on the equality and the democracy— constructed an idea of Nation on the ideological colonial basements perpetuated in the elitist repulsion towards the mass or populace, which at last produced his exclusion of the promissory modernity.   Keywords: slaves, Independence, citizenship, assimilation, exclusion

Printing the Talmud in Poland in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pilarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
Three Generations

This chapter explores Jewish religious print culture in Poland during the second half of the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth centuries. During this period, Jewish printers in Poland established their printing houses in Kraków and Lublin. Jews in the Polish diaspora in the second half of the sixteenth and the first half of the seventeenth century saw the development of Jewish typography as essential to the normal functioning of Jewish communities everywhere. The members of the communities needed books to study the Torah, and in particular they needed the Talmud — the fundamental work on which rabbinic Judaism is based. The printers in Kraków and Lublin in this period satisfied the needs of the Jewish book market in Poland to a considerable degree while also competing with foreign printers. Jewish typography in Poland, managed by a few families over two or three generations, could not equal that of Venetian printers or later of Dutch printers, who had a much greater influence on culture and economy and served many European communities. Nevertheless, printers in Poland played a significant role in printing the Talmud.

Ritual Violence Prescribed

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Saul M. Olyan
Keyword(s):  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Biblical Law ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Ritual Violence ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
And Function

This chapter considers the representation of violent rites in legal texts. The chapter begins with a review of scholarly debates on the nature and function of biblical law and then moves on to consider striking examples of prescribed ritual violence for punitive purposes (Deut 13:7–12; 25:5–10; and Lev 24:19–20). After this, violent rites that serve nonpunitive purposes are investigated. These include animal and human sacrifice as well as the rites of Num 5:11–31, as the latter have a probative dimension in addition to their punitive aims. A detailed consideration of the rites of mass eradication (the ḥērem) rounds out the chapter.

Changes in legal-sexual discourses: sex crimes in the Ottoman empire

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
DROR ZE EVI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Sex Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Dynamic Group

Through an examination of sixteenth-century Ottoman criminal codes pertaining to sexual crimes and their punishment, the article builds on the work of others who have attempted to streamline Islamic legal discourse and new legislation, mainly in the era of Süleyman the Magnificent. An emerging governing elite, recruited through slavery and attached to the sultan's household through marriage and patronage, attempted to create a legal system that, while committed to the tenets of Islamic law, promoted the new values of a dynamic group of people, which differed in many ways from those envisaged by the sharī a. The new legal codes suggest a change in discourse and outlook regarding various aspects of sexuality, gender differences, and concepts of crime and punishment.

Who Compiled the Sixteenth-Century Patristic Handbook Unio Dissidentium?

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Infant Baptism ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

The purpose of this paper is to raise a problem of more than antiquarian interest in Reformation literary history. The Unio Dissidentium is a collection of passages from the Bible together with nearly 550 quotations, many of them quite lengthy, from the Fathers. This latter feature gives to the book much of its interest, as well as a place in the patristic revival begun by the classical humanists and brought to a high level of development by the work of such men as Erasmus and Beatus Rhenanus.So far as can with certainty be stated, the first part of Unio Dissidentium was published by the Antwerp printer, Martin de Keyser, in March 1527. The ten sections into which it is divided contain passages supporting the compiler’s theology on such current theological issues as original sin, infant baptism, predestination, the nature and function of law, grace and merit, faith and works, and human ordinances. Later that same year the same printer published the second part, dealing with the value of the Word of God, penitence, brotherly correction, fasting, prayer, indulgences, the Eucharist, ecclesiastical constitutions, the vocation of all Christians to be priests, kings, and prophets, and antichrist. To the editions printed in and after 1531 a further three sections were added, the first two of which are on expensive funerals and the flight and persecution of Christians, respectively, while the third is the tract of Pseudo-Augustine, De Essentia Divinitatis.

Changing images of the brain

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Lantos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Histological Investigation ◽  
New Era ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

SYNOPSISOur concept of the structure and function of the normal and diseased brain has developed throughout the centuries. The first stage in the discovery of the brain stretched over three millennia, from the earliest descriptions by the Egyptians in the sixteenth century B.C. to the comprehensive anatomical treatise of Vesalius. The invention of the light microscope brought to the eye a previously invisible world, and heralded the beginnings of the systematic histological investigation of the immensely complex cellular networks of the brain. With the advent of electron microscopy, the organelles and connections of brain cells have been revealed, and the new era of molecular biology has begun. Neuropathology, which concerns itself with diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerve and muscle, has enormously benefited from these developments to establish the morphological basis of diseases of the nervous system.

scholarly journals The Future of International Legal Scholarship: Some Thoughts on ‘Practice’, ‘Growth’, and ‘Dissemination’

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARSTEN STAHN ◽  
ERIC DE BRABANDERE
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Role And Function

Like international legal scholarship, LJIL is in transition. Our colleagues, Larissa van den Herik and Jean d'Aspremont, who have shaped much of the role and plural identity of the journal over the past decade, in collaboration with our different sections, have passed leadership on to us, the new team of (co-)editors-in-chief. This editorial reflects on the changing role and function of scholarship in international law, a theme important to our predecessors and ourselves. This is to some extent a niche area. It has not received much attention in discourse. With some notable exceptions, legal journals are typically reluctant to address overarching meta-issues of discourse, i.e. issues of production of scholarship, the role of journals vis-à-vis other media, or the broader direction of the development of international legal scholarship. Such issues might be perceived as non-scientific by some. We feel that it is important to include such dimensions, including critical self-reflection on our discipline, in international legal discourse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document