scholarly journals Mājsaimniecību Ietekme uz Klimatu Latvijā: Oglekļa Pēdas Rādītājs

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
J. Brizga ◽  
I. Kudreņickis
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Emissions

Mājsaimniecību Ietekme uz Klimatu Latvijā: Oglekļa Pēdas Rādītājs People more and more recognize climate change as one of the main environmental problems and the term ‘carbon footprint’ (CF) has become popular and is now in widespread use. In this paper, the CF concept has been applied to analyse average per capita household Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in Latvia. We explore household CF in housing (heating and electricity consumption), transport, food and goods and service sectors, which are the main household environmental pressure areas. This paper provides an understanding of both direct and indirect (embodied) GHG emissions. Results from the study suggest that the average Latvian exceeds its global fair share of GHG emissions - the average per capita GHG in 2006 was 4.35 t CO2e. The highest household emissions arise from housing (37%), mobility (26%) and food consumption (25%), goods and services together account only for 12% of total household GHG emissions. This study, however, does not cover capital investments in infrastructure (roads, public buildings etc.) which could increase total emission by almost a ton. The study emphasizes that attention must be paid to the lifestyles, infrastructure and institutions that result in considerable amounts of carbon being locked up in the household activities through which people meet their everyday needs. The findings also indicate that policies should be targeted at the segments in society responsible for the highest carbon footprints, ie. housing, food and mobility.

Carbon footprint of the University of Cape Town

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thapelo C.M. Letete ◽  
Nothando Wandile Mungwe ◽  
Mondli Guma ◽  
Andrew Marquard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
The University

Since signing the Talloires Declaration in 1990, the University of Cape Town (UCT) has been striving to set an example of environmental responsibility by establishing environmentally sound policies and practices, and by developing curricula and research initiatives to support an environmentally sustainable future. One of the most recent efforts in this quest was the release of a Green Campus Action Plan for the University of Cape Town by the Properties and Services Department in 2008. While the Plan proposed a number of carbon emission mitigation interventions for the University, it also stressed the need to conduct a detailed and comprehensive carbon footprint analysis for the whole University. The aim of this analysis was to determine the carbon footprint of UCT, not only to give a tangible number with which the University’s carbon sustainability level can be compared with other academic institutions, but also to provide the much needed baseline against which future mitigation efforts on the university campus can be measured. UCT’s carbon footprint for the year 2007 was found to be about 83 400 tons CO2-eq, with campus energy consumption, Transportation and Goods and Services contributing about 81%, 18% and 1% the footprint respectively. Electricity consumption alone contributes about 80% of all the emissions associated with university activities. UCT’s per-capita emissions for 2007 amount to about 4.0 tons CO2-eq emissions per student. For comparison only, South Africa’s 2007 per capita emissions were estimated at 10.4 tons CO2-eq. In terms of energy consumption only, UCT’s footprint is about 3.2 tons CO2-eq per student, higher than the National University of Lesotho’s value of 0.1 and much lower than Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s value of 33.1.

scholarly journals Estimation of greenhouse gas emission from household activities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Binjai City, North Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
I Suryati ◽  
A Hijriani ◽  
I Indrawan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Household Activities

Abstract Household activities have the potential to produce greenhouse gas emissions. The government’s policy to work and study from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affects greenhouse gas emissions produced by household activities, starting from energy and waste and liquid waste produced, so it is necessary to carry out an emission inventory. The purpose of this study is to calculate greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and CH4) from household activities in Binjai City during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine emission reduction scenarios that can be carried out in Binjai City. The calculation method used is based on the 2006 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel in Climate Change) guidelines. CO2 emissions resulting from the use of LPG are 2025.80 tons CO2e/month, the use of fuel for daily transportation activities is 3484.84 tons CO2e/month, and electricity usage is 14956.66 Ton CO2e/month. CH4 emissions produced from domestic liquid waste are 417.14 tons CO2e/month, and household waste is 27.54 tons CO2e/month. The COVID-19 pandemic increases GHG emissions from household electricity consumption in Binjai City by ± 7% and reduces GHG emissions from fuel consumption by 3.5%.

scholarly journals Lifestyle carbon footprints and changes in lifestyles to limit global warming to 1.5 °C, and ways forward for related research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Koide ◽  
Michael Lettenmeier ◽  
Lewis Akenji ◽  
Viivi Toivio ◽  
Aryanie Amellina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Subnational Analysis

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for assessing lifestyle carbon footprints and lifestyle change options aimed at achieving the 1.5 °C climate goal and facilitating the transition to decarbonized lifestyles through stakeholder participatory research. Using data on Finland and Japan it shows potential impacts of reducing carbon footprints through changes in lifestyles for around 30 options covering food, housing, and mobility domains, in comparison with the 2030 and 2050 per-capita targets (2.5–3.2 tCO2e by 2030; 0.7–1.4 tCO2e by 2050). It discusses research opportunities for expanding the footprint-based quantitative analysis to incorporate subnational analysis, living lab, and scenario development aiming at advancing sustainability science on the transition to decarbonized lifestyles.

Biofuels carbon footprints: Whole-systems optimisation for GHG emissions reduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (16) ◽  
pp. 7457-7465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zamboni ◽  
Richard J. Murphy ◽  
Jeremy Woods ◽  
Fabrizio Bezzo ◽  
Nilay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Whole Systems

scholarly journals Assessment of the Dependence of GHG Emissions on the Support and Taxes in the EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7650
Author(s):  
Astrida Miceikienė ◽  
Kristina Gesevičienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

The reduction of GHG emissions is one of the priorities of the EU countries. The majority of studies show that financial support and environmental taxes are one of the most effective measures for the mitigation of the negative consequences of climate change. The EU countries employ different environmental support measures and environmental taxes to reduce GHG emissions. There is a shortage of new studies on these measures. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of the environmental support measures of the EU countries with the effectiveness of environmental taxes in relation to the reduction of GHG emissions. This study is characterized by the broad scope of its data analysis and its systematic approach to the EU’s environmental policy measures. An empirical study was performed for the EU countries with the aim of addressing this research problem and substantiating theoretical insights. A total of 27 EU member states from 2009 to 2018 were selected as research samples. The research is based on a cause-and-effect relationship, where the factors affecting environmental pollution (environmental taxes and subsidies) are the cause, and GHG emissions are the effect. Statistical research methods were used in the empirical study: descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple regression and cluster analysis. The results show that the older member countries of the EU, which had directed the financial measures of environmental policy towards a reduction in energy consumption, managed to achieve a greater reduction in GHG emissions compared to the countries which had not applied those measures. The Central and Eastern European countries are characterized by lower environmental taxes and lower expenditure allocated to environmental protection. The countries with a higher GDP per capita have greater GHG emissions that the countries with lower GDP per capita. This is associated with greater consumption, waste, and energy consumption. The study conducted gives rise to a discussion regarding data sufficiency in the assessment and forecasting of GHG emissions and their environmental consequences.

The dynamics of Indian energy mix: a two-phase analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Prakash Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Indian Power Sector

PurposeThe Indian power sector is dominated by coal. Environmental awareness and advances in techno-economic front have led to a slow but steady shift towards greener alternatives. The distributions of both fossil fuel resources and renewable energy potential are not uniform across the states. Paper attempts to answer how the states are performing in the sector and how the renewable energy and conventional resources are affecting the dynamics.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to rank the performance of Indian states in the power sector. Multi-stage analysis opens up the DEA black-box through disaggregating power sector in two logical sub-sectors. The performance is evaluated from the point-of-view of policy formulating and implementing agencies. Further, an econometric analysis using seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE) is conducted to estimate the determinants of total and industrial per-capita electricity consumption.FindingsEfficiency scores obtained from the first phase of analysis happens to be a significant explanatory variable for power consumption. The growth in electricity consumption, which is necessary for economic wellbeing, is positively affected by both renewable and non-renewable sources; but conventional sources have a larger impact on per-capita consumption. Yet, the share of renewables in the energy mix has positive elasticity. Hence, the findings are encouraging, because development in storage technologies, falling costs and policy interventions are poised to give further impetus to renewable sources.Originality/valueThe study is one of the very few where entire spectrum of the Indian power sector is evaluated from efficiency perspective. Further, the second phase analysis gives additional relevant insights on the sector.

scholarly journals Develop a marketing program for the sale of agricultural products in the B2B market

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Sobirov Azizbek Avaz ogli
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Private Entrepreneurship

In the current context of changing and improving forms of ownership, the development of small business and private entrepreneurship is one of the most strategically important tasks for the economy of Uzbekistan. World experience confirms that small business and private entrepreneurship provide an abundance of consumer goods and services in the domestic market, increase export opportunities, solve the problem of employment of citizens, increase real incomes. At the same time, “starting and running a small business does not require large expenditures and capital investments. This will allow for quick and easy modernization of production, technical and technological re-equipment, development of new types of products, regular updating of their range and ensuring competitiveness. " The process takes place in the market to meet the needs of consumers for the goods produced and offered, and to cover the costs and benefits of producing the product.

scholarly journals Causality and Stationarity with Structural Break in Electricity Consumption and GDP per capita in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-744
Author(s):  
Vicente German-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Structural Break ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

La electricidad es clave en la mayoría de los procesos de producción, por tanto, entender causalidad, cointegración y estacionariedad entre consumo de electricidad y producción es un punto de partida en el debate de sus efectos económicos. Modelos de corrección de errores (VECM) y cointegración, junto a pruebas de estacionariedad, examinan esta relación en México durante 1940-2018. Los resultados apoyan esta hipótesis, pero después de considerar el cambio estructural subrayado por la apertura comercial, ya que causalidad, estacionariedad y cointegración solo pueden demostrarse dividiendo el periodo en 1985, fecha de quiebre estimada para producto per cápita. En la primera etapa, la causalidad corrió de electricidad a producto, mientras que en la segunda fue bidireccional. Se recomienda adaptar los programas de electricidad a cambios en la esfera política. La originalidad de esta contribución descansa en el análisis de largo plazo del sector de energía enfatizando la importancia de quiebres estructurales. A pesar de alguna sensibilidad al ejecutar las regresiones, las conclusiones recomiendan fortalecer el sector de energía como medio factible de recuperar el crecimiento sostenido que México alcanzó en otros tiempos.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint estimate in the primary wood processing industry in El Salto, Durango

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Pedro Meza-López ◽  
◽  
Mayra K. Trujillo-Delgado ◽  
Alan U. Burciaga-Álvarez ◽  
Ricardo de la Cruz-Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
L1 And L2

Introduction: The primary wood processing industry releases greenhouse gases (GHGs); their mitigation involves measuring the carbon footprint.Objective: To estimate the carbon footprint of two forestry companies dedicated to the primary transformation of wood.Materials and methods: Companies established as organizational boundaries L1 and L2 have two (Q1 and Q2) and one (D) sawmill, respectively. The operational limits were A1 (direct emissions from fossil fuel consumption), A2 (indirect emissions from electricity consumption) and A3 (emission sources not owned by L1 and L2). GHG emissions were calculated in two annuities with the method of using documented activity data and emission factors level 1. The annuities were compared with the Student’ t-test and Wilcoxon test, and the sawmills with the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results and discussion: The estimated carbon footprint for L1 was 480.06 tCO2e·year-1, where A1, A2 and A3 represented 29.32 %, 14.59 % and 56.09 %, respectively. L2 had a footprint of 230.56 tCO2e·year-1 of which 9.39 %, 11.78 % and 78.83 % corresponded to the categories A1, A2 and A3, respectively. The cumulative uncertainty was within a fair range of accuracy (±25 %). Only the direct GHG emissions between L1 annuities were statistically different (P < 0.05). Mechanical technology made the difference in GHG emissions among sawmills (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The carbon footprint is inherent to the energy used; energy management ensures the mitigation of GHG emissions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document