scholarly journals Impact of Sow Milk Protein Polymorphism on Piglet Rearing

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skrzypczak ◽  
Marek Babicz ◽  
Karolina Szulc ◽  
Anna Walendowska ◽  
Anna Panek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Protein Polymorphism ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Electrophoretic Separations ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Impact of Sow Milk Protein Polymorphism on Piglet RearingThe aim of the investigations was to ascertain interrelationships between polymorphic fractions of milk proteins and rearing results of piglets from Złotnicka White sows. The experimental material comprised 20 sows of the native Złotnicka White breed. Pigs of this breed are included in the National Genetic Resources Conservation Programme. Investigations included two successive (2nd and 3rd) lactations of sows during which the following parameters were determined: number and weight of piglets on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28; weight gains of individual piglets during the period from day 1 to 7, from day 8 to 14, from day 15 to 21 and from day 22 to 28; as well as mortality for the entire period of rearing, i.e. from day 1 to day 28 of age. A total of 425 piglets born in 40 litters (20 sows x 2 lactations) were investigated. As a result of electrophoretic separations, the following four protein fractions were isolated from sow milk: αs1-casein (CSN1S1), genotypes AA, AB, BB and BC; β-casein (CSN2), genotypes AA, AB and BB; κ-casein (CSN3), genotypes AA, AB and BB; β-lactoglobulin (LGB), genotypes AA and BB. The present study showed that milk from sows of AA CSN1S1 and AA LGB genotypes appeared to be more valuable and nourishing, as indicated by the fact that these sows reared piglets which were characterized by the best production results, i.e. body weight, weight gains and the lowest percentage mortality. The least dynamic results were obtained by piglets originating from litters of sows of the AA-CSN3 genotype.

Attachment of Listeria innocua to Polystyrene: Effects of Ionic Strength and Conditioning Films from Culture Media and Milk Proteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLES ROBITAILLE ◽  
SÉBASTIEN CHOINIÈRE ◽  
TIMOTHY ELLS ◽  
LOUISE DESCHÈNES ◽  
AKIER ASSANTA MAFU
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Conditioning Films ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

It is recognized that bacterial adhesion usually occurs on conditioning films made of organic macromolecules absorbed to abiotic surfaces. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which milk protein–coated polystyrene (PS) pegs interfere with biofilm formation and the synergistic effect of this conditioning and hypertonic growth media on the bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of Listeria innocua, used as a nonpathogenic surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes. PS pegs were uncoated (bare PS) or individually coated with whey proteins isolate (WPI), β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, or tryptic soy broth (TSB) and were incubated in bacterial suspensions in modified Welshimer's broth. After 4 h, the number of adherent cells was dependent on the coating, as follows: TSB (107 CFU/ml) > bare PS > β-lactoglobulin > bovine serum albumin ≈ WPI (104 CFU/ml). The sessile cell counts increased up to 24 h, reaching >107 CFU per peg for all surfaces (P > 0.1), except for WPI-coated PS; this indicates that the inhibitory effects of milk protein conditioning films are transient, slowing down the adhesion process. The 4-h bacterial adhesion on milk protein–coated PS in modified Welshimer's broth supplemented with salt (0 to 10% [wt/vol]) did not vary (P > 0.1), indicating that conditioning with milk proteins was the major determinant for inhibition of bacterial adhesion and that the synergetic effect of salt and milk proteins on adhesion was minimal. Moreover, the presence of 5 to 10% salt significantly inhibited 24-h biofilm formation on the TSB-coated and bare PS, with a decrease of >3 log at 10% (wt/vol) NaCl and almost completely depleted viable sessile bacteria on the milk protein–coated PS.

scholarly journals Effect of teat order on piglet rearing results of native Złotnicka White breed

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
E. Skrzypczak ◽  
K. Szulc ◽  
M. Babicz ◽  
J. T. Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Animal Material

Abstract. Observations of animal behaviour during the first three weeks of life revealed the existence of a specific correlation between the use of individual teats by suckling piglets and successive pairs of teats. Therefore, it appeared justified to undertake experiments with the aim to study relationships between the use of teats by individual piglets and the results of their rearing, focusing in particular on small-sized domestic breeds. The experimental animal material comprised 20 litters which derived from 20 randomly selected sows of a native swine breed. The scope of the performed observations and analyses of parameters included: frequency of approaching the preferred teats, number and body weight of piglets, body weight gains as well as mortality of piglets throughout the rearing period.

scholarly journals Milk Protein-Derived Antioxidant Tetrapeptides as Potential Hypopigmenting Agents

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Saerom Kong ◽  
Hye-Ryung Choi ◽  
Yoon-Jeong Kim ◽  
Yoon-Sik Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Chan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mushroom Tyrosinase ◽  
Antioxidant Peptides ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Excessive accumulation of melanin can cause skin pigmentation disorders, which may be accompanied by significant psychological stress. Although many natural and synthetic products have been developed for the regulation of melanogenesis biochemistry, the management of unwanted skin pigmentation remains challenging. Herein, we investigated the potential hypopigmenting properties of peptide sequences that originated from milk proteins such as ĸ-casein and β-lactoglobulin. These proteins are known to inhibit melanogenesis and their hydrolysates are reported as antioxidant peptides. We synthesize tetrapeptide fragments of the milk protein hydrolysates and investigate the amino acids that are essential for designing peptides with tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. We found that the peptide methionine-histidine-isoleucine-arginine amide sufficiently inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity, shows potent antioxidant activity and effectively impedes melanogenesis in cultured melanocytes via cooperative biological activities. Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of the bioactive tetrapeptide from milk proteins as a chemical alternative to hypopigmenting agents.

Effect of polymorphisms in the leptin, leptin receptor and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes and genetic polymorphism of milk proteins on bovine milk composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Glantz ◽  
Helena Lindmark Månsson ◽  
Hans Stålhammar ◽  
Marie Paulsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The relations between cow genetics and milk composition have gained a lot of attention during the past years, however, generally only a few compositional traits have been examined. The aim of this study was to determine if polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes as well as genetic polymorphism of β-casein (β-CN), κ-CN and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) impact several bovine milk composition traits. Individual milk samples from the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were analyzed for components in the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral profiles. Cow alleles were determined on the following SNP: A1457G, A252T, A59V and C963T on the LEP gene, T945M on the LEPR gene and Nt984+8(A-G) on the DGAT1 gene. Additionally, genetic variants of β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG were determined. For both the breeds, the same tendency of minor allele frequency was found for all SNPs and protein genes, except on LEPA1457G and LEPC963T. This study indicated significant (P<0·05) associations between the studied SNPs and several compositional parameters. Protein content was influenced by LEPA1457G (G>A) and LEPC963T (T>C), whereas total Ca, ionic Ca concentration and milk pH were affected by LEPA1457G, LEPA59V, LEPC963T and LEPRT945M. However, yields of milk, protein, CN, lactose, total Ca and P were mainly affected by β-CN (A2>A1) and κ-CN (A>B>E). β-LG was mainly associated with whey protein yield and ionic Ca concentration (A>B). Thus, this study shows possibilities of using these polymorphisms as markers within genetic selection programs to improve and adjust several compositional parameters.

Validation of the RIDASCREEN®FAST Milk Kit

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weiss ◽  
Markus Lacorn ◽  
Jonathan Flannery ◽  
M Joseph Benzinger ◽  
Patrick Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Independent Laboratory ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Abstract The RIDASCREEN®FAST Milk test is a sandwich ELISA for the rapid quantification of milk proteins in various foods. The specific antibodies target casein and β-lactoglobulin. Samples are extracted and can then be analyzed in less than 40 min. The calibration curve covers a range from 2.5 to 67.5 mg/kg milk protein. The assay was validated with cookies, infant formula, chocolate dessert, ice cream, and sausages. All negative samples were found well below the LOQ of 2.5 mg/kg. Recoveries of the spiked samples were mostly in the range of 80–120%. The LOD of the ELISA was found below 1 mg/kg. The analysis of 39 different substances of interest revealed that no cross-reactivity above the LOQ occurred. Ruggedness testing proved that variations in incubation temperature, reagent volume, incubation time, extraction temperature, and extraction time had no significant influence. The stability at 4–8°C of three independent lots was investigated and found to exceed 18 months. Very good lot-to-lot consistency and no significant loss of the analytical capacity over the shelf life were observed. Incurred cookies and chocolate dessert samples were prepared and analyzed by an independent laboratory; mean recoveries of 94.4 and 102.2% and mean SDs of 10.9 and 6.3%, respectively, were found. For the 0 mg/kg level for both materials, all samples tested returned values of &lt;2.5 mg/kg. Therefore, the analytical performance claims of the manufacturer were confirmed.

scholarly journals The effect of dilution of milk proteins with non-essential amino acids (L-alanine and L-glutamic acid) on nitrogen retention and biological value of the proteins in children

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Daniel ◽  
T.R. Doraiswamy ◽  
M. Swaminathan ◽  
D. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

1. The effect of addition of a mixture of two non-essential amino acids (NEA), namely alanine and glutamic acid, to milk proteins on nitrogen retention and the biological value of the proteins was determined in a group of six girls aged 10–11 years.2. The mean daily intakes of milk protein by the children on three diets (1, 3 and 5 ) were 1.41, 1.10 and 0.70 g/kg body-weight. The quantities of NEA added daily to the three diets were 0.97, 0.49 and 0.97 g/kg body-weight respectively.3. Addition of NEA did not bring about any significant increase in N retention in the children. The addition of NEA to milk proteins significantly decreased the biological value of the proteins.

scholarly journals Study on milk composition and milk protein distribution in Romanian Holstein cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Rodica Ştefania Pelmuş ◽  
Cristina Lazăr ◽  
M. L. Palade ◽  
Mariana Stancu ◽  
C. M. Rotar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine milk quality indices as well as the milk protein composition in Romanian Holstein cattle raised under the conditions of experimental farm of INCDBNA-IBNA. The study was carried out on 22 milk samples. The types of different milk proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE technique. Sampling day and milk chemical composition were performed during the milking period of studied cattle. The quality indices were breed-specific for protein (3.38%) and higher for fat (4.39%).Milk proteins analysis of Romanian Holstein cattle separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed the presence of four major caseins (αs1-, αs2-, β- and k-casein) and two whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin). The caseins accounted 77.28% of the total milk proteins, while the major proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin) from the whey represented 22.72% of the total proteins. αs1-casein + αs2-casein had a higher expression (36.01%) followed by β-casein (31.45%), β-lactoglobulin (18.16%), k-casein (9.82%) and α-lactalbumin (4.56%). The most of milk samples was characterized by a medium expression level of both caseins and whey proteins

Effect of Heat Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Reduction in Allergenicity of Milk Proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
B.P. Pushpa ◽  
G.S. Bhat ◽  
H.M. Jayaprakasha
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Inhibition Elisa ◽  
Protein Allergenicity ◽  
Potent Allergen ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The allergy due to different fractions of milk protein was estimated by the level of milk specific Ig E blood sera of children suspected for milk allergy with a history of symptoms such as wheezing, diarrhoea or dermatitis. It was observed that among the milk proteins β - lactoglobulin of whey protein is the most potent allergen. Effect of heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on reduction in β - lactoglobulin allergenicity was investigated by inhibition ELISA while heat treatment could reduce the allergenicity only to the extent of 12.5%, enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the allergenicity significantly. The extent of hydrolysis as well as the enzyme used had significant role in reduction of milk protein allergenicity. The degree of hydrolysis corresponded well with the reduction of milk protein allergenicity. Though chymotrypsin was effective in hydrolyzing β - lactoglobulin, neutrase was more effective in reducing the allergenicity by 52% even at lower degree of hydrolysis. The combination of chymotrypsin and neutrase was found to be more useful in hydrolysis as well as reduction in allergenicity of the protein.

scholarly journals Development of Immunohistochemical Methods for Casein Detection in Meat Products

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kalčáková ◽  
Matej Pospiech ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová ◽  
Zdeňka Javůrková ◽  
Irina Chernukha
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Ingredients ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

To increase production efficiency of meat products, milk protein additives are often used. Despite a number of advantages, use of dairy ingredients involves a certain risk, namely the allergenic potential of milk proteins. A number of methods have been developed to detect milk-origin raw materials in foodstuffs, including immunological reference methods. This study presents newly developed immunohistochemical (IHC) methods for casein detection in meat products. Casein was successfully detected directly in meat products where sensitivity was determined at 1.21 and specificity at 0.28. The results obtained from the IHC were compared with the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and there was no statistically significant difference between the IHC and ELISA methods (p > 0.05). The correspondence between the methods was 72% in total. The highest correspondence was reached in frankfurters (90%), the lowest in canned pâté (44%).

scholarly journals Multiple Effects of Genetic Background on Variegated Transgene Expression in Mice

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Margaret L Opsahl ◽  
Margaret McClenaghan ◽  
Anthea Springbett ◽  
Sarah Reid ◽  
Richard Lathe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect Variegation ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Milk Protein Genes ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Abstract BLG/7 transgenic mice express an ovine β-lactoglobulin transgene during lactation. Unusually, transgene expression levels in milk differ between siblings. This variable expression is due to variegated transgene expression in the mammary gland and is reminiscent of position-effect variegation. The BLG/7 line was created and maintained on a mixed CBA × C57BL/6 background. We have investigated the effect on transgene expression of backcrossing for 13 generations into these backgrounds. Variable transgene expression was observed in all populations examined, confirming that it is an inherent property of the transgene array at its site of integration. There were also strain-specific effects on transgene expression that appear to be independent of the inherent variegation. The transgene, compared to endogenous milk protein genes, is specifically susceptible to inbreeding depression. Outcrossing restored transgene expression levels to that of the parental population; thus suppression was not inherited. Finally, no generation-dependent decrease in mean expression levels was observed in the parental population. Thus, although the BLG/7 transgene is expressed in a variegated manner, there was no generation-associated accumulated silencing of transgene expression.

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