scholarly journals Modelling the Bioclimatic Niche and Distribution of the Steppe Mouse, Mus Spicilegus (Rodentia, Muridae), in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-482
Author(s):  
V. M. Tytar ◽  
I. I. Kozinenko ◽  
S. V. Mezhzherin
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Mus Spicilegus ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Wintering Conditions

Abstract The Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus, is endemic to Europe and found to be expanding its home range in recent years. In Ukraine there are indications a north- and eastwards expansion and/or reestablishment of M. spicilegus. We suggest that climatic conditions may be the primary factors that foster or limit the range expansion of M. spicilegus in Eastern Europe. Our objective was to complement the knowledge about the distribution of the species with an estimation of the potential distribution of the species in Ukraine using known occurrence sites (in Ukraine and neighbouring areas) and environmental variables in an ecological niche modelling algorithm. After accounting for sampling bias and spatial autocorrelation, we retained 73 occurrence records. The algorithm used in this paper, Maxent (Phillips et al., 2006), is a machine learning algorithm and only needs presence data, besides the environmental layers. Using this approach, we have highlighted the importance and significance of a number of bioclimatic variables, particularly those characterizing wintering conditions, under which higher mean temperatures enhance habitat suitability, whereas increased precipitation leads to an opposite effect. The broadly northwards shift of the home range of the species in Ukraine could generally be due to the increasing (since the 1980s) mean temperature of the winter season. We expect this expansion process will continue together with the changing climate and new records of locations of the species may be used for monitoring such change.

The desert hamster Phodopus roborovskii (Satunin, 1903) (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from north-western Tibetan plateau, Ladakh, India: an addition to the mammalian fauna of the Indian subcontinent

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Vivek Ramachandran ◽  
Mukta Joshi ◽  
Mayuresh Ambekar ◽  
Samina Amin Charoo ◽  
Uma Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Southward Extension ◽  
North Western

AbstractDuring a systematic survey of the small mammals in the relatively unexplored north-western regions of the Tibetan plateau in India, we captured and identified the desert hamster Phodopus roborovskii using molecular phylogenetic methods. We also provide revised distributional estimates for this species using niche modelling (Maxent and 19 bioclimatic variables), taking into account sampling bias. We evaluated suitable habitats for the species, identifying regions in the Trans-Himalayas that may harbour this species. This study improves the knowledge of the desert hamster’s range and is a new record and an addition to the Indian sub-continental mammalian fauna, ~750 km southward extension from its known range.

scholarly journals Linking Habitat and Associated Abiotic Conditions to Predict Fish Hotspots Distribution Areas within La Paz Bay: Evaluating Marine Conservation Areas

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Urcádiz-Cázares ◽  
Víctor Hugo Cruz-Escalona ◽  
Mark S. Peterson ◽  
Rosalía Aguilar-Medrano ◽  
Emigdio Marín-Enríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Presence Data

Hotspots are priority marine or terrestrial areas with high biodiversity where delineation is essential for conservation, but equally important is their linkage to the environmental policies of the overall region. In this study, fish diversity presences were linked to abiotic conditions and different habitat types to reveal multi-species and hotspots models predicted by ecological niche modelling methods within the Bay of La Paz, Mexico (south of Gulf of California). The abiotically suitable areas for 217 fish species were identified based on historical (1975–2020) presence data sets and a set of environmental layers related to distances from mangroves and rocky shores habitats, marine substrate, and bottom geomorphology conditions. Hotspot model distribution was delineated from a multi-species model identifying areas with ≥60 species per hectare and was compared to the marine conservation areas such Balandra Protected Natural Area (BPNA), illustrating how these models can be applied to improve the local regulatory framework. The results indicate that (1) there is a need for the BPNA to be enlarged to capture more of the delineated hotspot areas, and thus an update to the management plan will be required, (2) new conservation areas either adjacent or outside of the established BPNA should be established, or (3) Ramsar sites or other priority areas should be subject to legal recognition and a management plan decreed so that these vital habitats and fish diversity can be better protected.

scholarly journals Changes in Air Temperature and Snow Cover in Winter in Poland

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽  
Ewa Bednorz ◽  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cover Depth ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover Depth

The primary objective of the paper was to characterize the climatic conditions in the winter season in Poland in the years 1966/67–2019/20. The study was based on daily values of minimum (Tmin) and maximum air temperature (Tmax), and daily values of snow cover depth. The study showed an increase in both Tmin and Tmax in winter. The most intensive changes were recorded in north-eastern and northern regions. The coldest winters were recorded in the first half of the analyzed multiannual period, exceptionally cold being winters 1969/70 and 1984/85. The warmest winters occurred in the second half of the analyzed period and among seasons with the highest mean Tmax, particularly winters 2019/20 and 1989/90 stood out. In the study period, a decrease in snow cover depth statistically significant in the majority of stations in Poland was determined, as well as its variability both within the winter season and multiannual.

Field survey on frost damage to roof tiles under climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemi Iba ◽  
Ayumi Ueda ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Frost damage is well-known as the main cause of roof tile deterioration. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical model for predicting the deterioration process under certain climatic conditions. This paper describes the results of a field survey conducted to acquire fundamental information useful to this aim. Design/methodology/approach – A field survey of roof tile damage by freezing was conducted in an old temple precinct in Kyoto, Japan. Using detailed observations and photographic recordings, the damage progress was clarified. To examine the impact of climatic conditions upon the damage characteristics, weather data and roof tile temperatures were measured and logged in the winter season. Findings – The deterioration process was observed under the climatic conditions associated with the measured temperature of the roof tiles. In particular, it was revealed that the orientation has a significant influence on increasing or decreasing the risk of frost damage. For certain distinctive forms of damage, the deterioration mechanisms were estimated from the viewpoint of the moisture flow and temperature distribution in the tile. Originality/value – This study contributes to the elucidation of the mechanism behind frost damage to roof tiles. The findings will guide the construction of a numerical model for frost damage prediction.

scholarly journals Potential geographic distribution of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) in current and future conditions for Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0008212
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Echeverry-Cárdenas ◽  
Carolina López-Castañeda ◽  
Juan D. Carvajal-Castro ◽  
Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Continental Extension ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Potential Geographic Distribution

In Colombia, little is known on the distribution of the Asian mosquito Aedes albopictus, main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Asia and Oceania. Therefore, this work sought to estimate its current and future potential geographic distribution under the Representative Concentration Paths (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios by 2050 and 2070, using ecological niche models. For this, predictions were made in MaxEnt, employing occurrences of A. albopictus from their native area and South America and bioclimatic variables of these places. We found that, from their invasion of Colombia to the most recent years, A. albopictus is present in 47% of the country, in peri-urban (20%), rural (23%), and urban (57%) areas between 0 and 1800 m, with Antioquia and Valle del Cauca being the departments with most of the records. Our ecological niche modelling for the currently suggests that A. albopictus is distributed in 96% of the Colombian continental surface up to 3000 m (p < 0.001) putting at risk at least 48 million of people that could be infected by the arboviruses that this species transmits. Additionally, by 2050 and 2070, under RCP 2.6 scenario, its distribution could cover to nearly 90% of continental extension up to 3100 m (≈55 million of people at risk), while under RCP 8.5 scenario, it could decrease below 60% of continental extension, but expand upward to 3200 m (< 38 million of people at risk). These results suggest that, currently in Colombia, A. albopictus is found throughout the country and climate change could diminish eventually its area of distribution, but increase its altitudinal range. In Colombia, surveillance and vector control programs must focus their attention on this vector to avoid complications in the national public health setting.

scholarly journals An unusual new record of Baccharis (Asteraceae) from the Peruvian Andes and its relation with the northern limit of the dry puna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paúl Gonzáles ◽  
Asunción Cano ◽  
Jochen Müller
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Andean Flora ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
First Time ◽  
Flora Of Peru

Background and Aims: The knowledge of the richness and distribution of the flora in the Peruvian Andes is scarce; about 70 taxonomic novelties have been reported for this area in the last decade, a large part belonging to the Asteraceae. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of this flora through a new record of Baccharis acaulis. In addition, the distribution pattern of this species is examined.Methods: As part of floristic inventories in the high Andes of Peru, various field trips were carried out, several plant specimens were collected, among them a previously unreported species, which was identified by consulting some specialists and confirmed using taxonomic keys. Furthermore, predicting species distribution based on ecological niche modeling was made use the machine learning algorithm Maxent with the bioclimatic variables of the WorldClim database.Key results: A species of the genus Baccharis was registered for the first time for the flora of Peru. This species is recognized for its unique habit; it is a rhizomatous herb in which the aboveground part consists of small leaf rosettes surrounding a solitary capitulum. The species was collected in the south of the Peruvian Andes. This record extends the known distribution of the species considerably to the north.Conclusions: This record suggests the need to continue studying the Andean flora, as well as the links of their distribution patterns with the phytogeographical regions. 

Day-to-day variations in paddy-residue burning and residential heating emissions control aerosol pollution peaks in rural north-west India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Pawar ◽  
Baerbel Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
North West ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Residential Heating

&lt;p&gt;November onwards, the poor air quality over north-west India is blamed on the large-scale paddy residue burning in Punjab and Haryana. However, the emission strength of this source remains poorly constrained due to the lack of ground-based measurements within the rural source regions. In this study, we report the particulate matter (PM) levels at Nadampur, a rural site in the Sangrur district of Punjab that witnesses rampant paddy residue burning, using the Airveda low-cost PM sensors from October to December 2019. The raw PM measurements from the sensor were corrected using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The daily average PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; mass concentration at Nadampur correlated well&amp;#160; (r &gt; 0.7) with the daily sum of VIIRS fire counts. Agricultural activities, including paddy residue burning and harvesting operations, contributed less than 40% to the overall PM loading, even in the peak burning period at Nadampur. We show that the increased residential heating emissions in the winter season have a profound and currently neglected impact on ambient air quality. A dip in the daily average temperature by 1 &amp;#186;C increased the daily emission of PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; by 6.3 tonnes and that of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; by 5.8 tonnes. Overall, paddy harvest, local and regional paddy residue burning, residential heating emissions, ventilation, and wet scavenging could explain 79% of the variations in PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and 85% of the variations in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;. Day to day variations in PM emissions from residential heating in response to the ambient temperature must be incorporated into emission inventories and models for accurate air quality forecasts.&lt;/p&gt;

Fonctionnement sympodial continu et multiplication végétative chez l’Arum italicum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nougarède ◽  
P. Rondet
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Asexual Multiplication ◽  
Storage Products ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Sympodial Growth ◽  
Arum Italicum

The vegetative and floral development of Arum italicum Mill. displays no resting period under western European climatic conditions. Between two flowering seasons several sympodial units ending with an inflorescence are successively built. The meristem of each new unit is generally initiated in the axil of a sagittate leaf of the preceding unit but it can also grow in a nonaxillary position at the base of the meristem. The leaves of the first unit spend the winter season above the ground. Their petiole sheaths surround all the later sympodial units. On each sympodial unit a number of axillary buds give rise to tunicated bulbils which provide for the asexual multiplication of the species. The ontogeny of the bulbils on the mother plant and their behaviour after they become autonomous are described, as well as those of young plantlets grown from seed germination. In rhizomes, bulbils, and plantlets the shoot apex is in close contact with a subapical region (base plate) built from interlocked leaf or scale bases which are rich in storage products. This base plate will give rise to a new rhizome. Although Arum italicum has a tuberous rhizome with sympodial growth, it has nevertheless some characters of a bulbous plant (base plate and bulbils) but it differs from it by continuous growth and development and the lack of dormancy of the bulbils.

scholarly journals Atmospheric blocking induced by the strengthened Siberian High led to drying in west Asia during the 4.2 ka BP event – a hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Perşoiu ◽  
Monica Ionita ◽  
Harvey Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Siberian High

Abstract. Causal explanations for the 4.2 ka BP event are based on the amalgamation of seasonal and annual records of climate variability that was manifest across global regions dominated by different climatic regimes. However, instrumental and paleoclimate data indicate that seasonal climate variability is not always sequential in some regions. The present study investigates the spatial manifestation of the 4.2 ka BP event during the boreal winter season in Eurasia, where climate variability is a function of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the westerly winds. We present a multi-proxy reconstruction of winter climate conditions in Europe, west Asia, and northern Africa between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Our results show that, while winter temperatures were cold throughout the region, precipitation amounts had a heterogeneous distribution, with regionally significant low values in W Asia, SE Europe, and N Europe and local high values in the N Balkan Peninsula, the Carpathian Mountains, and E and NE Europe. Further, strong northerly winds were dominating in the Middle East and E and NE Europe. Analyzing the relationships between these climatic conditions, we hypothesize that in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, the 4.2 ka BP event was caused by the strengthening and expansion of the Siberian High, which effectively blocked the moisture-carrying westerlies from reaching W Asia and enhanced outbreaks of cold and dry winds in that region. The behavior of the winter and summer monsoons suggests that when parts of Asia and Europe were experiencing winter droughts, SE Asia was experiencing similar summer droughts, resulting from failed and/or reduced monsoons. Thus, while in the extratropical regions of Eurasia the 4.2 ka BP event was a century-scale winter phenomenon, in the monsoon-dominated regions it may have been a feature of summer climate conditions.

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