PLURALISME PADA MASA BALI KUNO ABAD IX-XIV BERDASARKAN REKAMAN ARKEOLOGI

Pluralism is a diction that is used to express diversity, a reality that exists in this archipelago. It is an idea or view of life that recognizes and accepts the existence of pluralism or diversity in a community group. This plurality is represented by differences in terms of religions/beliefs, ethnicities, races, customs, languages, and cultures. Archaeological remains dating from the Hindu Buddhist era in Bali provide information on this diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the diversity that is reflected in the archaeological records. The method used is observation, literature study, and qualitative analysis. Archaeological records dating from the IX to XIV century AD in Bali, both in the artifactual and textual indicate that Balinese people can live in harmony amidst differences. Different beliefs do not cause social tensions in society. Based on the existing archaeological records, Balinese people have shown diversity since the IX century AD. This diversity was maintained and nurtured by the rulers at that time so that tolerance was built between people of different religions/beliefs. Pluralisme merupakan diksi yang digunakan untuk menyatakan keberagaman, sebuah realita yang ada di bumi Nusantara ini. Pluralisme adalah suatu paham atau pandangan hidup yang mengakui dan menerima adanya kemajemukan atau keanekaragaman dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat. Kemajemukan tersebut direpresentasikan oleh adanya perbedaan dari sisi agama/ kepercayaan, suku, ras, adat istiadat, bahasa, dan budaya. Tinggalan arkeologi yang berasal dari masa Hindu Buddha di Bali memberikan informasi keberagaman tersebut. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kemajemukan yang yang tercermin pada rekaman tinggalan arkeologi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, studi pustaka, serta analisis kualitatif. Rekaman arkeologi yang berasal dari abad IX-XIV di Bali, baik yang berupa artefaktual dan tekstual mengindikasikan bahwa masyarakat Bali dapat hidup secara harmonis di tengah-tengah perbedaan. Perbedaan keyakinan yang dianut tidak menimbulkan ketegangan sosial di masyarakat. Berdasarkan rekaman arkeologi yang ada, masyarakat Bali telah menunjukkan kemajemukan sejak abad IX. Keberagaman ini terus dipelihara dan dipupuk oleh para penguasa ketika itu sehingga terbangun toleransi di antara masyarakat yang berlainan agama/kepercayaannya.

Download Full-text

KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KOMPLEKS CANDI GUNUNG KAWI

Forum Arkeologi ◽

10.24832/fa.v29i2.186 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

A.A Gde Bagus ◽

Hedwi Prihatmoko

Keyword(s):

Data Integration ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Narrative Text ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

Literature Study ◽

Environmental Preservation ◽

Material Resources ◽

Using Data ◽

Preservation Value

Gunung Kawi Temple is one of the most monumental archaeological remains in Bali originating from the 10th to 11th century. This study aims to determine the values of local wisdom of ancient Balinese society related to the construction and presence of Gunung Kawi Temple. Data were collected through literature study and observation. Analysis was conducted through qualitative approach using data integration and explanation based on theory. Explanation is presented in narrative text. The results of this study indicate that the construction using the concept of cliff temple is an adaptation in addressing the limitations of geography and material resources. This adaptation is a form of ancient Balinese society local wisdom. This local wisdom is also reflected on the environmental preservation value which is related to the function of Gunung Kawi Temple as a religious sacred building. Keywords: gunung kawi, cliff temple, local wisdom, adaptation, enviromental preservation. Kompleks Candi Gunung Kawi merupakan salah satu tinggalan arkeologi paling monumental di Bali yang berasal dari abad ke-10 sampai 11 Masehi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilainilai kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali Kuno yang terkait dengan pembangunan dan keberadaan Kompleks Candi Gunung Kawi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan observasi. Analisis dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengintegrasian data dan memaparkan simpulan-simpulan berdasarkan teori. Pembahasan kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk teks naratif. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan dengan konsep candi tebing merupakan bentuk adaptasi dalam menyikapi keterbatasan geografi dan sumber bahan baku. Adaptasi tersebut merupakan salah satu wujud kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali Kuno. Kearifan lokal tercermin juga dari nilai pelestarian lingkungan yang terkait dengan fungsi Kompleks Candi Gunung Kawi sebagai bangunan suci keagamaan.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Kuta Bataguh in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan

Berkala Arkeologi ◽

10.30883/jba.v40i2.590 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 287-308

Author(s):

Nfn Sunarningsih ◽

Nfn Hartatik ◽

Ida Bagus Putu Prajna Yogi ◽

Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo ◽

Nugroho Nur Susanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

Political Organization ◽

Literature Study ◽

Community Group ◽

Local Authorities ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Permanent Settlement ◽

Absolute Dating ◽

Descriptive Method

Kuta Bataguh is administratively located in Bataguh and East Kapuas Districts, Kapuas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah. The research aims to reconstruct the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh. This research is using interpretive-descriptive method with the inductive reasoning. Data collection used surveys, excavations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis included environmental, stratigraphic, artifactual, spatial, and absolute dating analysis. Survey (surface and aerial) and excavation activities were carried out inside and outside the fence, both downstream and upstream of the Karinyau River. The results illustrate that the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh are a large permanent settlement that is split by a river. The fortified settlement of Kuta Bataguh was the leader residence of Ngaju community group (as the center of power). By referring to the pattern, function and extent of this settlement, it can be assumed that the local authorities in Bataguh are on par with early state in their socio-political organization.

Download Full-text

TINJAUAN ARKEOLOGI RELIGI PADA MAKAM RAJA SAOSAO DAN RAJA LAKIDENDE DI KEN DARI SULAWESI TENGGARA [Review of Archaeology Religy in Saosao Tomb and Lakidende Tomb in South East Sulawesi]

Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat ◽

10.24832/papua.v9i2.212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 161-182

Author(s):

Muh. Subair

Keyword(s):

Archaeological Remains ◽

Literature Study ◽

The Past ◽

History Of

Civilization of a city can be seen from archaeological remains. Kendari city is known as a city whose society is religious. The purpose of this paper is to know the history of the entry of Islam in Kendari and archaeological remains of the evidence of the entry of Islam in Kendari. The method used is literature study, interview and survey. Islam in Kendari was brought by Islamic religious teachers, Muslim traders and ulama, this is known from the existence of tombs of religious figures o f Islam in the past Kendari. ABSTRAKPeradaban suatu kota dapat dilihat dari tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi. Kota Kendari dikenal sebagai kota yang masyarakatnya religius. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah masuknya Islam di Kendari dan tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi yang menjadi bukti masuknya Islam di Kendari. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, wawancara dan survei. Islam di Kendari dibawa oleh guru agama Islam, pedagang muslim dan ulama, hal ini diketahui dari keberadaan makam tokoh-tokoh agama Islam Kendari pada masa lalu.

Download Full-text

Tinggalan Arkeologi di Pura Subak Ulun Suwi Sidewaas, Bangli

HUMANIS ◽

10.24843/jh.2018.v22.i02.p29 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Ida Bagus Gd Panji Semara ◽

A.A. Gde Aryana ◽

Coleta Palupi Titasari

Keyword(s):

Archaeological Remains ◽

Literature Study ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Human Thought ◽

Form Function ◽

The People ◽

Holy Water ◽

Art And Culture ◽

The Temple ◽

Collection Methods

Arca is one of the relics of the classical period that has various forms and is the development of human thought in the field of art and culture. Thought can be seen in Pura Subak Ulun Suwi Sidewaas Bangli which until now still functioned with the statue which amounted to 14 pieces. Some of the problems in this study include the form, function and meaning of archaeological remains in Pura Subak Ulun Suwi Sidewaas Bangli. This study uses data collection methods consisting of several stages of observation, interviews, and literature study. The next stage is the stage of data analysis, this stage using qualitative analysis and iconography analysis. The theory used in this research is the functional theory and the theory of semiotics, which is expected to solve the problems in this research. Archeology in Pura Subak Ulun Suwi Sidewaas Bangli encompasses two statues of bhatari embodiment, four statues of bhatara, one lingga tribhaga, two lingga above lapel and stela and five fragments of the statue. These stalks are believed to be a means to invoke the welfare of the plants that are incomes for the people who depend on the plantations. The holy water obtained from the temple is not only used for self-use, but also used for the fertility of cattle and plants. The residue that is sanctioned by the community of temple penyungsung has meaning as a means of worship, the worship means in question is symbolic of the goddess god or his ancestor in an effort to get closer to his ancestors.

Download Full-text

Variasi Ikonografi Arca-Arca Perwujudan Perunggu Koleksi Museum Bali Dan BPCB Bali-Nusa Tenggara

HUMANIS ◽

10.24843/jh.2018.v22.i01.p07 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Putu Pradnyana Adi Putra ◽

I Wayan Redig ◽

A. A. Gde Aryana

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Data Processing ◽

Social Factors ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

Literature Study ◽

Causal Factors ◽

Body Postures ◽

Erwin Panofsky ◽

Collection Methods ◽

Data Processing Methods

The so called ‘’Dead Portrait’’ statues are kind of archaeological remains from the Hindu-Buddhist period that is very much encountered in Bali. So far the sculptures of the much-studied are the statues made from stones, while the bronze statues are still very little known. This study examines the iconographical variation and its causal factors on the so-called bronze dead portrait statues collection of Bali Museum and BPCB Bali-Nusa Tenggara. The author uses data collection methods such as observation, interview and literature study and data processing methods through the analysis of iconography, iconometry, iconoplastic, and iconology. The theory used to refine the interpretation of the results of the analysis is the Theory of Iconography and Iconology of Erwin Panofsky. Based on the research results found that there are variations of iconography among the bronze dead portrait collection of Bali Museum and BPCB Bali-Nusa Tenggara. The iconographic variations can be seen in the variety of jewelry, dress, body, and body postures. The iconography variation itself is caused by the ability and creativity of artists, social factors, and religious factors and beliefs.

Download Full-text

Pengelolaan Kertagosa sebagai Daya Tarik Pariwisata di Kabupaten Klungkung

HUMANIS ◽

10.24843/jh.2018.v22.i01.p04 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Ni Made Kariani ◽

I Wayan Ardika ◽

Zuraidah .

Keyword(s):

Cultural Resource Management ◽

Management Theory ◽

Site Management ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

Literature Study ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

The Right ◽

Great Step

Background of this research is Kertagosa Site as object of research is complex of ancient building relics of kingdom of Klungkung, consist of two main building that is Taman Gili and Kertagosa. Both buildings were established during the reign of King I Dewa Agung Djambe at the end of the XVII century which is part of the building of Puri Semarapura in Klungkung. Archaeological remains contained on the Kertagosa Site include two main buildings, ancient statues and gate. This study aims to maximize the management of the site and maximize the potential and supporting factors owned Kertagosa Site. This research uses structural functional theory and cultural resource management theory. The method used is the method of observation, literature study, and interview. Data analysis techniques used are qualitative analysis and SWOT analysis.These potentials Kertagosa Sites include; Tangible and intangible. The tangible potential includes two main buildings; Ancient statues, and temple bentar. The intangible potential includes important values of Kertagosa Sites. External factors of the site is an attraction that is located around the site. Utilization of all these potentials can boost the attractiveness of Kertagosa Sites. Determining the right effort by applying the 5P guidelines (planning, organizing, directing, implementing and controlling) is a great step in maximizing site management. Improving the quality of human resources, adding facilities and infrastructure, promoting promotion, and site structuring efforts will enhance the attractiveness of Kertagosa Sites as a tourist attraction.

Download Full-text

Tinggalan Perang Dunia II Dan Konseptualisasi Museum di Morotai

Kapata Arkeologi ◽

10.24832/kapata.v9i1.195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Syahruddin Mansyur

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Actual Condition ◽

Field Observations ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

World War ◽

Literature Study ◽

Military Forces ◽

Geographical Position

Morotai Island is one of the locations which left many traces of World War II in Indonesia. This suggests that Morotai Island has a strategic geographical position for the two military forces involved at the time. In this context, the legacy of World War II in Morotai has important historical value to be preserved, one of them through the establishment of a museum. This study aimed to develop appropriate thematic concept for presentation of the museum. Literature study and field observations conducted to obtain data related to the historical and archaeological remains exist in the study area. The results of this study, obtained information about the actual condition of archaeological remains exist in Morotai, as well as the formulation of the concept of thematic presentation of the exhibition. Thus, early studies of this thematic concepts can provide the storyline, so as to give weight to the information of the existing archaeological remains in the Morotai.Pulau Morotai merupakan salah satu lokasi yang banyak meninggalkan jejak Perang Dunia II di Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Morotai memiliki posisi geografis yang strategis bagi dua kekuatan militer yang terlibat saat itu. Dalam konteks inilah, peninggalan Perang Dunia II yang ada di Morotai memiliki nilai sejarah yang penting untuk dilestarikan, salah satunya melalui pendirian sebuah museum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun konsep tematik yang tepat bagi penyajian museum. Studi pustaka dan observasi lapangan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data terkait dengan sejarah dan tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di lokasi penelitian. Hasil kajian ini, diperoleh informasi tentang kondisi aktual tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di Morotai, serta rumusan tentang konsep tematik penyajian pameran. Dengan demikian, studi awal konsep tematik ini dapat memberikan alur cerita atau storyline, sehingga mampu memberikan bobot informasi tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di Morotai.

Download Full-text

MUSYARAKAH MUTANAQISHAH

Al-Intaj : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah ◽

10.29300/aij.v4i1.1200 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

‘Ainul Imronah

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

The Other ◽

Literature Study ◽

Ownership Rights

The expense and finance are products which are issued by sharia financial institutions,includingmusharakamutanaqishah. Musharakamutanaqishah is a form of cooperation between two or more parties for the ownership of goods or assets. This cooperation will reduce the ownership rights of one party while the other party increases its ownership rights. This article is purposed to give knowledge to whom do not understand well about Musyarakahmutanaqishah. The nature of the research is descriptive which used literature study in collecting the data. The technique of Data analysis is used qualitative analysis. The results of the study are the definition, the history and the root of musyarakahmutanaqishah, the provision of musyarakahmutanaqishah law, the terms of the contract, the provisions of the related parties, the criteria of the customer, the financing scheme, the advantages and the weaknesses of Musyarakahmutanaqishah, the ownership of syirkah modality and the ending of syirkah.

Download Full-text

PROSES PEMBENTUKAN BUDAYA DAN DINAMIKA FUNGSI SARKOFAGUS PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI PETANU [CULTURAL FORMATION PROCESS AND THE FUNCTION DYNAMICS OF SARCOPHAGUS IN THE PETANU RIVER CATCHMENT]

Naditira Widya ◽

10.24832/nw.v14i2.426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 137-154

Author(s):

Nyoman Arisanti ◽

Nyoman Sunarya

Keyword(s):

Formation Process ◽

Local Community ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

Literature Study ◽

River Catchment ◽

Cultural Formation ◽

Local Residents ◽

River Catchments

Terdapat tiga daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang mengandung tinggalan arkeologi yang tinggi, antara lain adalah DAS Pakerisan, DAS Wos, dan DAS Petanu. Salah satu tinggalan arkeologi masa prasejarah yang ditemukan pada DAS Petanu adalah sarkofagus. Sarkofagus DAS Petanu masih difungsikan oleh penduduk setempat sampai saat ini. Sarkofagus masuk kembali dalam sistem konteks sekali lagi, setelah melalui serangkaian proses pembentukan budaya, dan perubahan fungsi dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses pembentukan budaya yang terjadi pada sarkofagus. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan fungsi sarkofagus dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan induktif-kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Sarkofagus telah mengalami berbagai proses mulai dari buat, pakai, buang, hingga digunakan kembali oleh masyarakat setempat saat ini. Terlepas dari signifikansinya dalam sistem ideologis, sarkofagus telah mengalami pergeseran fungsi dari konteks pemakaman menjadi ritus keagamaan yang lebih sakral. Perubahan fungsi sarkofagus ini disebabkan karena adanya perubahan ideologi masyarakat masa kini, dan adanya kepercayaan mengenai kekuatan benda kuno dalam masyarakat Hindu di Bali. There are three river catchments (DAS) that present abundant archaeological remains, including the Pakerisan, the Wos, and the Petanu. One of the prehistoric archaeological remains found in the Petanu river catchment is a sarcophagus. The sarcophagi of the Petanu river catchment are still used by local residents today. After going through a series of processes of cultural formation and changes in function in people’s living structure, once again the Petanu sarcophagi re-enters a context system. This study aims to comprehend the cultural formation process that has affected the purpose of the Petanu sarcophagi. Further, this study also aims to determine changes in the function of sarcophagi and the factors which caused the changes. This study uses qualitative-inductive reasoning. Data was collected by interview, observation, and literature study. The sarcophagi have undergone various processes ranging from making, using, disposing of, to being reused by the local community today. Despite its significance in the ideological system, the sarcophagus has undergone a shift in function from the context of a funeral to that of a more sacred religious rite. Such alteration in the function of the sarcophagus is due to changes in the ideology of today's society, and the belief in the power of ancient objects in Hindu society in Bali.

Download Full-text

Law Enforcement Efforts against the Crime of Body Shaming Through Mediation

Pancasila and Law Review ◽

10.25041/plr.v1i2.2127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Elsa Intan Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Literature Study ◽

Collection Method

This study aims to analyze the forms of action that are categorized as body shaming crimes and criminal law enforcement against body shaming crimes on social media. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The data used is in the form of secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection method uses literature study and descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that, the forms of action that are categorized as body shaming crimes, namely: the words uttered contain elements of physical insult and have humiliated and lowered one's self-esteem because they can be seen/witnessed by many people, making them feel sad and depressed. Perpetrators of body shaming can be charged under Article 315 of the Criminal Code, with a maximum imprisonment of four months and two weeks or a maximum fine of four thousand and five hundred rupiahs. And if it is done on social media, the perpetrator can be charged under Article 27 paragraph (3) jo. Article 45 paragraph (3) of the ITE Law with a maximum imprisonment of four years and/or a maximum fine of seven hundred and fifty million rupiah. The police also offer a settlement process in a non-litigation context, namely by maximizing penal mediation to reduce the build up of cases in court.

Download Full-text