scholarly journals Spain as a Reference in Wine Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
E. V. Astakhova
Keyword(s):  
Social Factor ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
World Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Behavioral Norm

The culture of wine as a traditional drink in the countries of Southern Europe is determined by the geographical, ethnographic, and historical context, at the same time it is associated with national identification. In the case of Spain, wine plays the role of a friendly union, an element of active communication, is a sociocultural behavioral norm. Through the history of wine-making, the key stages of the country’s development can be traced: from ancient settlements to the European Union, variety of backgrounds, traditions and religions, etc. adding to the long history of wine on the territory of today’s Spain. The theme of wine is reflected in the works of famous Spanish philosophers, writers and artists as a stable tradition, a symbol of community, celebration, creativity, at the same time melancholy and sadness, as a typical Spanish dualism of attitude to life. It is noted that wine was not only viewed as a means of recreation, but also a powerful double-edged social factor, both pacifying and disorganizing. Taverns became people’s universities, and cafes with their tertulias became the center of intellectual life. Wine is an important economic component, the vineyard zones cover the whole country, with its main wine-making regions — from Rioja to Jerez — renowned around the world. Hundreds of varieties of wines are produced, which differ in denomination, aging, reputation, and popularity on the world market and with tourists. Spain has a leading position in this area. At present, bars, restaurants, and taverns, as public spaces suitable for big parties and family gatherings alike, have become not only a place of spending one’s pastime, but also a platform for political discussions, a place where certain political forces manipulate their influence, where polar views on the current and future agenda are in confrontation: the globalization of the society and cultural unification, or the preservation of unique customs and traditions. Wine culture is dynamic, it manifests itself in a new form in the younger generation, the latest gender and progressive norms appear, the simple, down-to-earth consumption characteristic of the bar culture displaces the spiritual component. The loss of traditions, including the wine culture, is dangerous for the society. It will have negative consequences for the country, will cause damage to its attractiveness for investors and tourists, and hurt the very image of their motherland the Spanish hold dear. Wine remains an important part of the national heritage, material, and spiritual culture of Spain.

scholarly journals Features of Organic Agricultural Products Functioning in EU and Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Alina Burliai ◽  
Oleksandr Burliai ◽  
Yulia Nesterchuk ◽  
Alla Revutska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
World Market ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Ecological Agriculture ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Abstract Organic agriculture ensures a balanced state of the ecosystem, which is the key to sustainable development of the economic and social spheres of society. European countries are in the process of historical development reached an understanding on the need for its further ecological progress. That is why the world market for organic products has formed. Studies show that the development of organic production began in the 20‘s of the twentieth century. Since then, markets for organic products began to grow rapidly in many countries. Among the world‘s regions, the largest areas of organic land are located in Oceania and Europe. The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in the development of ecological agriculture. The variety of names of ecological systems of management in the countries of the world and the principles which are included in the concept “ecological agriculture“ are studied. The history of the emergence of organic agriculture has been explored. The analysis of the development of organic agricultural production at the world level, the countries of Europe and the European Union (EU) and individual countries has been analyzed. A grouping of organic farms in Europe has been organized in terms of size. Ukraine, with its significant natural and economic potential in the future may also be one of the important subjects that will form a proposal in this market. The environmental policy of the country has an important influence on the efficiency of organic farms.

scholarly journals PATENTING OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF NEUROSURGERY: REALITY AND PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
T. N. Erivantseva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
World Market ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Patent Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Patent Documents

Implementation of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018, No. 204 “On the national goals and strategic tasks of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” assumes that Russia should move from 8th to 5th position in the world for the number of patent applications for inventions during 6 years. The paper analyzes the patent activity of inventors in the field of medicine on the example of spinal neurosurgery. Analysis of patent documents demonstrates that developments in the field of spinal neurosurgery have currently a high potential for commercialization throughout the world. However, domestic developers should pay due attention to the full scope of legal protection of their inventions to take a leading position in the world market.

scholarly journals Cooperation and Coopetition as a Tools Which Could Improve Leading Startups all over the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Aneta Ejsmont
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Good News ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Foreign Sale ◽  
The Moment

Building own business is a long-term and laborious process. A person who leads a startup tries to start with building own business by taking first steps toward financial independence. Analyzing conditions in Poland, on average every second startup sells its services abroad, admittedly it is good news, although half of them do not export at all. Half of the startups which export their services and goods generates more than 50% of their revenues outside Poland. Very interesting is the fact that 60% of exporters have conducted their foreign sale since the moment of establishing their business. On which markets do they sell their services? It turns out that the most popular are markets in the European Union (54%), including the United Kingdom 14% and Germany 9%. Only about 25% of Polish startups exports their products and services to the United States. Taking the United States into consideration, in 2008 the USA lost their leading position in the number of startups which are newly created and achieving success in business. Currently in terms of the number of new startups the USA is on a quite distant place after Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, New Zealand, Israel or Italy. In short, more companies were closed than created, so it was, as a matter of fact, like in Poland. Therefore, the condition to improve the development of startups both from Poland and other countries all the world is to increase cooperation and coopetition.

scholarly journals Wpływ regulacji rynku na funkcjonowanie sektora cukrowniczego w Polsce

2014 ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Pietrzak ◽  
Marcin Mucha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Free Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
The Eu

In the period 1990–2013 sugar industry in Poland faced numerous legal transformations, shifting from nearly free-market conditions into a strongly regulated sector. Changes of the sugar industry regulations had a significant impact on the structure of the sugar market, companies’ actions and, as a result, on their performance. Accession to the European Union and the reform of the sugar regime conducted from 2006 to 2010 on the initiative of the European Commission involved deep restructuring and modernization of the factories, which caused growth of their productivity. However, prices of sugar in the EU and in Poland are much higher than prices on the world market.

HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Oltarzhevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
External Connections

The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.

2. The European Union as a Subsystem of International Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Duke ◽  
Sophie Vanhoonacker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
International Identity ◽  
Theoretical Pluralism ◽  
Collective Actor

This chapter focuses on the European Union as a subsystem of international relations. It examines the following questions, taking into account the historical context in which EU foreign policy has developed as well as the theoretical pluralism that has characterized its study. First, how has the EU dealt with its own international relations internally? Second, what are the ideas and principles underlying EU foreign policy? Third, what is the EU's collective action capacity in relation to the rest of the world? The chapter illustrates interstate dynamics as a result of European integration by focusing on the cases of France, Germany, and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg). It also considers the EU's international identity and its role as a collective actor.

The world is a room

Focaal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (63) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Blai Guarné
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Academic History ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The Mediterranean

It is well accepted that the discussion about intellectual centers and peripheries has a reductionist character that conceals the complexity of a globalizing world. Despite this, we cannot ignore that in the academic history of anthropology central traditions and hegemonic discourses were established, while others were rendered as peripheral or marginal. This historical context has set a disciplinary framework of inequalities and imbalances that created the conditions of possibility for the global production and dissemination of anthropological knowledge. By re-examining the controversy surrounding the anthropology of the Mediterranean and its relation with debates about native anthropology, this article points out the challenge of revising this disciplinary framework in the project of developing a truly global anthropology.

How Economic Dependency Was Created Through the WTO: A Case Study of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Yi Fung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Dependency ◽  
The World

Adapting the framework of dependency theory, the article asks how the economic dependency of less developed countries (LDCs) on developed countries (DCs) is created through free trade. This article uses South Korea’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a case study to illustrate this economic dependency creation process. Based on second-hand data from existing studies, the European Union, and the WTO, this article finds: (i) due to limited farmland size and high production costs, South Korean agricultural products cannot win a seat in the world market; (ii) the local agricultural sector was destroyed in South Korea because small farmers cannot earn a living by farming; and (iii) since the local agricultural sector cannot support the food demand in South Korea, South Korea now has to import a large amount of food. This article concludes that free trade actually destroys the local agricultural industry and the food security of South Korea, and consequently makes South Korea have to rely heavily on DCs for food import.

Innovation – Populist Slogan, Why?

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Peter Ponický ◽  
Vítězslav Zamarský
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Catch Up

Nowadays, innovation is perhaps the most widely spoken global keyword in the field of economy. Everyone talks about innovation and the European Union already for more than a decade, has wanted through innovation to catch up with and take the leading position in the world. However, what is the reality? Europe still has difficulties with the pace of economic growth, which according to many is joined combined with innovation and knowledge. Asian countries often set a price of an innovated product of poor quality and with no added value that includes huge cost of efficient marketing and aggressive advertising. Therefore, is innovation everything what is called this way? Though the world controls the speed and acceleration of changes, it does not mean necessarily an advantage or positive effects. And evolution of a star in a supernova and then a black hole is in the final stages accelerated in an unusual way. The inspiration for our article was slanted to cheap using the word “innovation”, just because it is a European priority. We just drew from his knowledge and life experiences.

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