Analisis Rasio Prestasi Manajemen Irigasi pada Distribusi Air di Subak Kabupaten Tabanan

Sistem subak adalah merupakan salah satu bentuk sistem irigasi yang mampu mengakomodasikan dinamika sistem sosio-teknis masyarakat setempat. Air irigasi dikelola dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan, keterbukaan, harmoni dan kebersamaan, melalui suatu organisasi yang fleksibel yang sesuai dengan kepentingan masyarakat. Sistem irigasi erat kaitannya tentang pendistribusian air irigasi pada subak yang berdasarkan luas lahan. Salah satu aspek yang akan dinilai dalam sistem irigasi adalah Rasio Prestasi Manajemen (RPM) irigasi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui klasifikasi RPM di suatu subak dengan pemberian skor pada masing-masing klasifikasi RPM. Perolehan data sekunder dilakukan dengan metode survey, pengamatan secara langsung dan pengukuran. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Rasio Prestasi Manajemen (RPM) Irigasi. RPM irigasi setiap subak dinilai dengan menggunakan empat rentang nilai yaitu Baik bila 0.75 < RPM <1.25, Cukup bila 0.60 < RPM < 0.75 atau 1.25 < RPM < 1.40, Kurang 0.40 < RPM< 0.60 atau 1.40 <RPM<1.60 dan Sangat kurang bila RPM < 0.40 atau RPM >1.60 Hasil metode analisis rasio prestasi manajemen irigasi pada distribusi air di subak diperoleh RPM daerah hulu yaitu Pama Palian, Aya I dan Aya II memiliki RPM yang Baik yaitu rata-rata 100%. Ketersediaan air yang begitu melimpah karena subak daerah hulu, subak yang pertama kali mengambil air di daerah irigasi. Dan yang paling penting adalah sistim pengaturan pemberian air yang sudah optimal. Untuk subak daerah tengah RPM sedikit berbeda dengan di daerah hulu. Rata-rata RPM daerah irigasi tengah yang mempunyai kreteria Cukup yaitu sebesar 15,5% sedangkan Baik 84,5%. Untuk daerah irigasi tengah yang memiliki kriteria RPM cukup dengan nilai 15,5% disebabkan oleh pendistribusian air tidak seoptimal seperti daerah irigasi hulu. Untuk Subak daerah irigasi hilir rata-rata RPM secara keseluruhan yaitu 100% baik, ini disebabkan karena pembagian pendistribusian air daerah irigasi hilir sudah optimal sesuai dengan luas lahan. Subak system is one form of irrigation system that is able to accommodate the dynamics of the socio-technical system of the local community. Irrigation water is managed with the principles of justice, openness, harmony and togetherness, through a flexible organization that is in accordance with the interests of the community. Irrigation systems are closely related to the distribution of irrigation water in subaks based on land area. One aspect that will be assessed in an irrigation system is the Irrigation Management Achievement Ratio (RPM). The purpose of this study is to determine the RPM classification in a subak by scoring in each RPM classification. Secondary data acquisition is done by survey method, direct observation and measurement. The collected data will then be analyzed using the Irrigation Management Achievement Ratio (RPM) method. Irrigation RPM for each subak is assessed using four ranges of values, namely Good if 0.75 <RPM <1.25, Enough if 0.60 <RPM <0.75 or 1.25 <RPM <1.40, Less 0.40 <RPM <0.60 or 1.40 <RPM <1.60 and Very less if RPM <0.40 or RPM> 1.60 The results of the analysis method of irrigation management achievement ratio in the distribution of water in the subak obtained by the upstream area RPM namely Pama Palian, Aya I and Aya II have a good RPM that is an average of 100%. The availability of water is so abundant due to the upstream subak, the first subak to take water in an irrigation area. And the most important thing is the optimal water supply management system. For the subak area the RPM is slightly different from the upstream area. The average RPM of the central irrigation area that has sufficient criteria is 15.5% while 84.5% is good. For the central irrigation area which has sufficient RPM criteria with a value of 15.5% caused by the distribution of water is not as optimal as the upstream irrigation area. For Subak downstream irrigation areas the overall average RPM is 100% good, this is because the distribution of downstream irrigation water distribution is optimal according to the area of ??land.

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Analisis Rasio Prestasi Manajemen Irigasi pada Budidaya Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Subak Kabupaten Tabanan

Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) ◽

10.24843/jbeta.2020.v08.i02.p03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

I Kadek Arya Santika ◽

I Wayan Tika ◽

I Putu Gede Budisanjaya

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Local Community ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Performance Ratio ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Average Value ◽

A Value

Sistem subak adalah merupakan salah satu bentuk sistem irigasi yang mampu mengakomodasikan dinamika sistem sosio-teknis masyarakat setempat. Air irigasi dikelola dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan, keterbukaan, harmoni dan kebersamaan, melalui suatu organisasi yang fleksibel yang sesuai dengan kepentingan masyarakat. Sistem irigasi erat kaitannya tentang pemberian air irigasi pada tanaman budidaya tanaman padi. Salah satu aspek yang akan dinilai dalam sistem irigasi adalah Rasio Prestasi Manajemen (RPM) irigasi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui klasifikasi RPM di suatu subak dengan pemberian skor pada masing-masing klasifikasi RPM. Perolehan data sekunder dilakukan dengan metode survey, pengamatan secara langsung dan pengukuran sedangkan data primer diperoleh dari BMKG Wilayah III Denpasar. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Rasio Prestasi Manajemen (RPM) Irigasi. RPM irigasi setiap subak dinilai dengan menggunakan empat rentang nilai yaitu Baik bila 0.75 < RPM <1.25, Cukup bila 0.60 < RPM < 0.75 atau 1.25 < RPM < 1.40, Kurang 0.40 < RPM< 0.60 atau 1.40 <RPM<1.60 dan Sangat kurang bila RPM < 0.40 atau RPM >1.60 Hasil metode analisis rasio prestasi manajemen irigasi pada budidaya tanaman padi diperoleh RPM daerah hulu dari periode I sampai VII rasio prestasi manajemen irigasinya dengan nilai rata-rata 10.05 (Sangat Kurang) dan untuk daerah tengah RPM irigasi dari periode I sampai V nilai rata-ratanya 1.78 (Sangat Kurang), periode VI dengan nilai 1.56 (Kurang), periode VII dengan nilai 1.03 (Baik) sedangkan untuk subak daerah hilir diperoleh RPM irigasinya dari periode I sampai III dengan nilai rata-rata 2.25 (Sangat Kurang) dan untuk periode IV sampai VII dengan nilai rata-rata 0.92 (Baik). Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, dapat dinyatakan bahwa subak daerah hilir memiliki RPM irigasi untuk budidaya tanaman padi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan daerah hulu dan tengah. Subak system is one form of irrigation system that is able to accommodate the dynamics of the socio-technical system of the local community. Irrigation water is managed with the principles of justice, openness, harmony and togetherness, through a flexible organization that is in accordance with the interests of the community. Irrigation systems are closely related to the provision of irrigation water to rice cultivation plants. One aspect that will be assessed in an irrigation system is the Irrigation Management Performance Ratio (MPR). The purpose of this study is to determine the MPR classification in a subak by scoring in each MPR classification. Secondary data acquisition is done by survey method, direct observation and measurement, while primary data is obtained from BMKG Region III Denpasar. The data that has been collected will then be rated and analyzed. Irrigation MPR for each subak is assessed using four ranges of values: Good if 0.75 <MPR<1.25, Sufficient if 0.60 <MPR <0.75 or 1.25 <MPR<1.40, Less 0.40 <MPR <0.60 or 1.40 <MPR <1.60 and Very less if MPR<0.40 or MPR> 1.60. The results of the analysis method of irrigation management achievement ratio in the cultivation of rice obtained by the upstream area MPR from periods I to VII irrigation management achievement ratio with an average value of 10.05 (Very Less) and for the middle area of irrigation MPR from period I to V the average value is 1.78 (Very Less), period VI with a value of 1.56 (Less), period VII with a value of 1.03 (Good) while for the downstream subak the MPR was obtained from the I to III periods with an average value of 2.25 (Very Less) and for periods IV to VII with an average value of 0.92 (Good). Based on the results of the analysis, it can be stated that the downstream subak has an irrigation MPR for rice cultivation better than the upstream and middle regions.

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Pengelolaan Saluran Irigasi Guna Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pertanian di Desa Jubel Kidul

Rengganis Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat ◽

10.29303/rengganis.v1i2.88 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120

Author(s):

Prima Eko Agustyawan ◽

Alma Amalia Sabilla

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Food Production ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Participatory Management ◽

Field Observations ◽

Irrigation Network ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Agricultural Yields

Agriculture is a sector of economic development considering its function and role in providing food for the population, as well as the place where the livelihoods of the residents of Jubelkidul Village depend. To increase food yields, irrigation network management was held in Jubelkidul Village. Irrigation is the most important thing in the food production process. The development of the Jubelkidul irrigation area is carried out with the aim of maintaining the sustainability of irrigation water supply in the Jubelkidul area. Efforts that can be made to maintain the sustainability of the function of the irrigation area of Jubelkidul Village in supporting increased agricultural yields are participatory management of irrigation areas through institutional empowerment of water-using farmers. agriculture in Jubelkidul Village. This research is descriptive qualitative research with survey method. The research location is the Jubelkidul irrigation area which includes 5 hamlets in the Sugio sub-district. The types of data used are primary and secondary data collected by field observations, and interviews. The results show that the irrigation management of Jubelkidul village on water use is influenced by the dimensions of location, time and certain qualities.

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Efisiensi Pemberian Air Pada Jaringan Irigasi Way Bini Kecamatan Waeapo Kabupaten Buru Provinsi Maluku

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v5i2.186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Said Ar Assagaf ◽

Charles Silahooy ◽

Pieter J Kunu ◽

Silwanus Talakua ◽

Rudi Soplanit

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Distribution System ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Survey Method ◽

Irrigation Water Requirement

Dams irrigation system is important facility to ensure the water availability during rice cultivation. The aim of this study was to verify the condition of Way Bini irrigation system in providing irrigation water and water distribution system to meet the needs of rice cultivation in Savana Jaya Village, Waeapo Subdistrict, Buru District. The research used survey method. The results showed that the irrigation water debit required for appropriate rice cultivtion was 677.16 L/sec (0.68 m3/sec) which was smaller than that of the Way Bini dam; 750 L / s (0.75 m3 / s), while the efficiency of the irrigation water requirement was 70% which was categorized as good to excellent.

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Uphoff Norman, Priti Ramamurthy, and Roy Steiner. Managing Irrigation: Analysing and Improving the Performance of Bureaucracies. New Delhi/Newbury Park/London: Sage Publications. 1991. Hardbound. Price not given.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v32i2pp.226-228 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 226-228

Author(s):

Zakir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Performance Criterion ◽

New Delhi ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Wide Range ◽

Resource Mobilisation ◽

Management Issues

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.

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On the Applicability of “Provision-Appropriation” Theory to Irrigation Management: An Analysis Based on Institutional Change in the Dongping Irrigation Area

The China Nonprofit Review ◽

10.1163/187650910x12605098379094 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 83-99

Author(s):

Chen Jing ◽

Kan Shizuan ◽

Tong Zhihui

Keyword(s):

Institutional Change ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Historical Research ◽

Institutional Changes ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Site Investigations ◽

Current State ◽

System Sustainability

AbstractThis paper, based on historical research on irrigation administration in the Dongping area and on-site investigations into its current state, explores the benefits and problems produced by two institutional changes. As a common pool resource situation, irrigation systems’ “provision” and “appropriation” are two separate issues; any institutional change must thus offer two different solutions. The study concludes that the participatory changes undertaken in the Dongping irrigation area failed, in the end, to resolve the problem of irrigation system sustainability. In particular, it proved difficult for collective action to take place around provision, which led to difficulties in operating the irrigation system.

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OPTIMASI BIAYA PEMELIHARAAN

Selodang Mayang: Jurnal Ilmiah Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir ◽

10.47521/selodangmayang.v6i3.176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 201-208

Author(s):

Hardiman Hardiman ◽

Manyuk Fauzi ◽

Imam Suprayogi

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Functional Condition ◽

System Management ◽

Irrigation Network ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Management Function ◽

Budget Optimization ◽

Irrigation System Management

The performance of the irrigation system management in Riau Province has not shown an optimal irrigation management function and irrigation conditions and functions due to budget constraints that have an impact on the performance of one of the irrigation areas in this province, namely the Uwai irrigation area. The purpose of this research is to get the performance value of the irrigation network system in the Uwai irrigation area and get budget optimization in the Uwai irrigation area. The results showed that the greatest assessment of damage to physical conditions in the Uwai irrigation network was found in the carrier channel RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 left, which was 40% of the total channels and buildings and the smallest functional condition assessment in the Uwai irrigation network. found on channel RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 left, which is 75% so that this channel is only able to serve 85.5 Ha from 342 Ha, 71 Ha from 284 Ha, 59.5 Ha from 238 Ha, 36.75 Ha of 147 Ha to be served. Abstrak Kinerja Pengelolaan sistem irigasi Provinsi Riau belum menunjukkan fungsi manajemen irigasi dan kondisi serta fungsi irigasi yang optimal akibat adanya keterbatasan anggaran yang ada sehingga berdampak pada kinerja salah satu daerah irigasi di provinsi ini yaitu daerah irigasi Uwai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapat nilai kinerja sistem jaringan irigasi pada daerah irigasi Uwai dan mendapat optimalisasi anggaran pada daerah irigasi Uwai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Penilaian kerusakan kondisi fisik di jaringan irigasi Uwai paling besar terdapat pada saluran pembawa RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 kiri, yaitu sebesar 40% dari keseluruhan saluran dan bangunan dan penilaian kondisi fungsional di jaringan irigasi Uwai yang paling kecil terdapat pada saluran RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 kiri yaitu sebesar 75% sehingga pada saluran ini hanya mampu melayani 85.5 Ha dari 342 Ha, 71 Ha dari 284 Ha, 59,5 Ha dari 238 Ha, 36,75 Ha dari 147 Ha yang harus dilayani.

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Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

Journal of the Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers ◽

10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽

A.H.M. Kamal ◽

Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Md. Shafi Uddin Miah

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Distribution System ◽

Crop Production ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

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EVALUASI KEBUTUHAN AIR IRIGASI DENGAN APLIKASI CROPWAT 8.0 DAERAH IRIGASI AMPING PARAK

Rang Teknik Journal ◽

10.31869/rtj.v4i2.2656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 374-382

Author(s):

Dasril Dasril ◽

Bambang Istijono ◽

Nurhamidah Nurhamidah

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Analysis Approach ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Value Of Water ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

The prediction of water requirement is important in planning and managing irrigation system. Based on this case, this study aims to evaluate water requirement of irrigation to obtain the prediction of maximum value of water requirement. The research took place in Irrigation Area of Ampiang Parak at Pesisir Selatan Regency with the area was 2,363 hectares. The descriptive qualitative analysis approach was used to collect the data by using observation, interview and taking of primer and secondary data. The tabulation of data used Cropwat version 8.0 software to analyze water requirement values. The result of this research the calculation of water requirement values using Cropwat version 8.0 software are 4.772 m3/sec in MT 1, 4.770 m3/sec in MT 2, and 5.05 m3/sec in MT 3. The data shows that irrigation area may not have dryness. However, there is some area that is rainfed. Based on observation at Irrigation Area of Amping Parak there are leaking lines, and there are area irrigations that have not connected according to irrigation area of Amping Parak scheme.

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O EFEITO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO ENTUPIMENTO DE EMISSORES E NO DESEMPENHO DE FILTROS UTILIZADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2004v9n2p136-149 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 136-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tulio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽

José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽

Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi ◽

Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da Silva

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Water Source ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Filter Performance ◽

Medium Risk

O EFEITO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO ENTUPIMENTO DE EMISSORES E NO DESEMPENHO DE FILTROS UTILIZADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO Túlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro; José Euclides Stipp Paterniani; Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi; Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da SilvaDepartamento de Água e Solo, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, [email protected] 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo proceder a investigação experimental de uma fonte hídrica superficial, utilizada em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, bem como verificar sua influência na obstrução dos gotejadores e no desempenho de dois filtros um de disco e outro de mata sintética não tecida. A água de irrigação foi clorada, empregando-se hipoclorito de sódio. Utilizou-se água provinda de um reservatório aberto, onde foi instalado um módulo de irrigação localizada para o estudo. Analisou-se a variação temporal da qualidade da água durante um ano, onde considerou-se os principais parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos da água que causam problemas de entupimentos nos emissores. O desempenho dos filtros foi feito através da comparação das concentrações dos efluentes dos filtros de disco (usualmente utilizado para este fim) e manta sintética não tecida, em relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicas. O grau de obstrução dos emissores foi avaliado através de ensaios de vazão que determinaram a uniformidade de distribuição da água através de dois índices, onde variou-se o número de emissores amostrados. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas de 30 dias, realizadas em diferentes estações do ano. Os resultados apontaram na água de irrigação, que os parâmetros químicos pH e o ferro apresentaram médio risco de entupimento e sulfetos de hidrogênio mostraram alto risco de entupimento. Não houve uma diferença no desempenho do filtro de manta e de disco com relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicos de seus efluentes. Os valores das médias dos índices de uniformidade de distribuição de água foram bem próximos para as duas parcelas que utilizaram os dois filtros de manta e disco. UNITERMOS: irrigação localizada, índice de uniformidade, filtração, manta sintética não tecida, tratamento químico RIBEIRO, T. A. P.; PATERNIANI, J. E. S.; AIROLDI, R. P. da S.; SILVA, M. J. M. da THE WATER QUALITY EFFECT IN THE CLOGGING OF EMITTERS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF FILTERS UTILIZED IN THE TRICKLE IRRIGATION 2 ABSTRACT The present work aimed to carry out an experimental investigation of a superficial water source utilized in trickle irrigation as well as verify its influence in the clogging of drippers and in the performance of two filters: a disc one and a non woven synthetic one. The irrigation water was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite. The water used in this experiment was from an open reservoir where an experimental trickle irrigation system was installed. The temporal variations of the water quality was assessed for one year, considering the main physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water that causes clogging in the emitters. The filter performance was assessed by comparing the effluent concentration in the disc filters (normally used for this purpose) and in non-woven synthetic fabric, for physical and biological parameters. The emitter obstruction degree was assessed through flow tests which determined the uniformity of water distribution through two rates where the number of sampled emitters varied. The research was developed in four 30-day stages, carried out in different seasons of the year. For the irrigation water, the results indicated that the chemical parameters (pH) and iron showed a medium risk of clogging whereas hydrogen sulphites showed a high risk of clogging. There was not a difference in the performance of fabric and disc filters in relation to physical and biological parameters of their effluents. The average values for water distribution uniformity rates were pretty close for the two blocks that utilized both disc and fabric filters. KEYWORDS: trickle irrigation, uniformity index, filtration, non-woven synthetic fabrics, chemical treatment

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Phytotoxicity of Aqueous Ozone on Five Container-grown Nursery Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.3.774 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 774-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Thomas Graham ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

Youbin Zheng ◽

Michael A. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Crop Species ◽

Ozone Concentrations ◽

Nursery Crops ◽

Emitter Discharge

The phytotoxic threshold of five woody perennial nursery crops to applications of aqueous ozone was investigated to determine if aqueous ozone could be used for remediation of recycled nursery irrigation water and for pathogen control. The perennial nursery crops [Salix integra Thunb. ‘Hakura Nishiki’; Weigela florida Thunb. ‘Alexandra’; Spiraea japonica L.f. ‘Goldmound’; Hydrangea paniculata Seib. ‘Grandiflora’; Physocarpus opulifolius L. Maxim. ‘Summer Wine’] were evaluated for aqueous ozone phytotoxicity after 6 weeks of overhead spray irrigation in which five aqueous ozone treatments (0, 10.4, 31.2, 62.5, 125.0 μmol·L−1) were applied on a daily basis. The concentrations applied represent levels useful for irrigation system maintenance (pathogen and biofilm control) with the highest levels selected to clearly demonstrate phytotoxicity. Aqueous ozone solutions were prepared and injected in-line during irrigation for 7.5 min every day for 6 weeks, after which growth parameters (leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, height, flower number) were measured and leaf injury was evaluated. High residual aqueous ozone (62.5 μmol·L−1 or greater at emitter discharge; 0.3 m from canopy) in the irrigation water was shown to negatively affect the growth parameters measured; however, low residual ozone concentrations (31.2 μmol·L−1 or less at emitter discharge; 0.3 m from canopy) did not present any measurable risk to plant growth. Furthermore, even at higher dose levels, leaves produced during the treatment period showed reduced damage levels. It is concluded that ozone residuals of 31.2 μmol·L−1 (at emitter discharge) can remain in overhead irrigation water without negatively affecting the crop species examined under the application protocols used. At the ozone concentrations demonstrated to be tolerable by the crop species examined, it is reasonable to surmise that control of pathogens at all points within the irrigation system will be achievable using aqueous ozone as part of an irrigation management strategy. The use of aqueous ozone in this fashion could also aid in dramatically reducing chemical residuals on crops by reducing the input requirements of traditional chemical controls.

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