On the Applicability of “Provision-Appropriation” Theory to Irrigation Management: An Analysis Based on Institutional Change in the Dongping Irrigation Area

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Chen Jing ◽  
Kan Shizuan ◽  
Tong Zhihui
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Current State ◽  
System Sustainability

AbstractThis paper, based on historical research on irrigation administration in the Dongping area and on-site investigations into its current state, explores the benefits and problems produced by two institutional changes. As a common pool resource situation, irrigation systems’ “provision” and “appropriation” are two separate issues; any institutional change must thus offer two different solutions. The study concludes that the participatory changes undertaken in the Dongping irrigation area failed, in the end, to resolve the problem of irrigation system sustainability. In particular, it proved difficult for collective action to take place around provision, which led to difficulties in operating the irrigation system.

scholarly journals Nepal: Food Security, a Localized Institutional Irrigation Perspective on Public Irrigation Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Social Insecurity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Extension

Oriental philosophers have given top priority to food for orderly state affairs as well as personal wellbeing. In past, Nepal had a strong agricultural economy based on indigenous Farmer Managed Irrigation System (FMIS). State policy helped promote these systems. But contemporary Nepal opted for state control on irrigation water by building large scale public irrigation systems. In the last 43 years of planned development (1957-2002), the government has spent 70% of US$1.3 billion on these systems, covering 30% of the irrigated area in the country; the remaining 70% is with the FMIS. Despite the investment, these systems neither promoted themselves as an enterprise nor helped enhance agricultural productivity leading to social insecurity. This social insecurity is reflected in the country's increasing import of food, mass workforce exodus for employment abroad, and added socio-economic vulnerability due to climate change.Donor and government recommendations centered on (i) expansion of irrigated area, (ii) irrigation management transfer, and (iii) agriculture extension seem to have failed in Nepal. These failures asked for alternative institutional development solutions, whereas public irrigation systems are (i) localized to establish system's operational autonomy with ownership and governance, (ii) treated as a rich resource-base with water, land and labor, and (iii) recognized as cooperative enterprise of local stakeholders by law with authorities to enter into joint actions with relevant partners for promoting commercialization and environmental quality of irrigated agriculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7223 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.95-99

scholarly journals Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elshaikh ◽  
Shi-hong Yang ◽  
Xiyun Jiao ◽  
Mohammed Elbashier
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
The Right

This study aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of policies and institutional arrangements on irrigation management performance. The case study, the Gezira Scheme, has witnessed a significant decrease in water management performance during recent decades. This situation led to several institutional changes in order to put the system on the right path. The main organizations involved in water management at the scheme are the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources (MOIWR), the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB), and the Water Users Associations (WUAs). Different combinations from these organizations were founded to manage the irrigation system. The evaluation of these organizations is based on the data of water supply and cultivated areas from 1970 to 2015. The measured data were compared with two methods: the empirical water order method (Indent) that considers the design criteria of the scheme, and the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) method. Results show that the MOIWR period was the most efficient era, with an average water surplus of 12% compared with the Indent value, while the most critical period (SGB & WUAs) occurred when the water supply increased by 80%. The other periods of the Irrigation Water Corporation (IWC), (SGB & MOIWR), and (WUAs & MOIWR) had witnessed an increase in water supply by 29%, 63%, and 67% respectively. Through these institutional changes, the percentage of excessive water supply jumped from 12% to 80%. Finally, the study provides general recommendations associated with institutional arrangements and policy adoption to improve irrigation system performance.

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BIDANG PENGAIRAN IRIGASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG¬-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Zulhadi Lalu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Problems And Solutions

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A smallscale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas

scholarly journals Analisis Rasio Prestasi Manajemen Irigasi pada Distribusi Air di Subak Kabupaten Tabanan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Yuda Arnanda ◽  
I Wayan Tika ◽  
Ida Ayu Luh Gede Bintang Madrini
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Water Supply Management ◽  
Principles Of Justice

Sistem subak adalah merupakan salah satu bentuk sistem irigasi yang mampu mengakomodasikan dinamika sistem sosio-teknis masyarakat setempat. Air irigasi dikelola dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan, keterbukaan, harmoni dan kebersamaan, melalui suatu organisasi yang fleksibel yang sesuai dengan kepentingan masyarakat. Sistem irigasi erat kaitannya tentang pendistribusian air irigasi pada subak yang berdasarkan luas lahan. Salah satu aspek yang akan dinilai dalam sistem irigasi adalah Rasio Prestasi Manajemen (RPM) irigasi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui klasifikasi RPM di suatu subak dengan pemberian skor pada masing-masing klasifikasi RPM. Perolehan data sekunder dilakukan dengan metode survey, pengamatan secara langsung dan pengukuran. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Rasio Prestasi Manajemen (RPM) Irigasi. RPM irigasi setiap subak dinilai dengan menggunakan empat rentang nilai yaitu Baik bila 0.75 < RPM <1.25, Cukup bila 0.60 < RPM < 0.75 atau 1.25 < RPM < 1.40, Kurang 0.40 < RPM< 0.60 atau 1.40 <RPM<1.60 dan Sangat kurang bila RPM < 0.40 atau RPM >1.60 Hasil metode analisis rasio prestasi manajemen irigasi pada distribusi air di subak diperoleh RPM daerah hulu yaitu Pama Palian, Aya I dan Aya II memiliki RPM yang Baik yaitu rata-rata 100%. Ketersediaan air yang begitu melimpah karena subak daerah hulu, subak yang pertama kali mengambil air di daerah irigasi. Dan yang paling penting adalah sistim pengaturan pemberian air yang sudah optimal. Untuk subak daerah tengah RPM sedikit berbeda dengan di daerah hulu. Rata-rata RPM daerah irigasi tengah yang mempunyai kreteria Cukup yaitu sebesar 15,5% sedangkan Baik 84,5%. Untuk daerah irigasi tengah yang memiliki kriteria RPM cukup dengan nilai 15,5% disebabkan oleh pendistribusian air tidak seoptimal seperti daerah irigasi hulu. Untuk Subak daerah irigasi hilir rata-rata RPM secara keseluruhan yaitu 100% baik, ini disebabkan karena pembagian pendistribusian air daerah irigasi hilir sudah optimal sesuai dengan luas lahan.   Subak system is one form of irrigation system that is able to accommodate the dynamics of the socio-technical system of the local community. Irrigation water is managed with the principles of justice, openness, harmony and togetherness, through a flexible organization that is in accordance with the interests of the community. Irrigation systems are closely related to the distribution of irrigation water in subaks based on land area. One aspect that will be assessed in an irrigation system is the Irrigation Management Achievement Ratio (RPM). The purpose of this study is to determine the RPM classification in a subak by scoring in each RPM classification. Secondary data acquisition is done by survey method, direct observation and measurement. The collected data will then be analyzed using the Irrigation Management Achievement Ratio (RPM) method. Irrigation RPM for each subak is assessed using four ranges of values, namely Good if 0.75 <RPM <1.25, Enough if 0.60 <RPM <0.75 or 1.25 <RPM <1.40, Less 0.40 <RPM <0.60 or 1.40 <RPM <1.60 and Very less if RPM <0.40 or RPM> 1.60 The results of the analysis method of irrigation management achievement ratio in the distribution of water in the subak obtained by the upstream area RPM namely Pama Palian, Aya I and Aya II have a good RPM that is an average of 100%. The availability of water is so abundant due to the upstream subak, the first subak to take water in an irrigation area. And the most important thing is the optimal water supply management system. For the subak area the RPM is slightly different from the upstream area. The average RPM of the central irrigation area that has sufficient criteria is 15.5% while 84.5% is good. For the central irrigation area which has sufficient RPM criteria with a value of 15.5% caused by the distribution of water is not as optimal as the upstream irrigation area. For Subak downstream irrigation areas the overall average RPM is 100% good, this is because the distribution of downstream irrigation water distribution is optimal according to the area of ??land.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI BIAYA PEMELIHARAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Hardiman Hardiman ◽  
Manyuk Fauzi ◽  
Imam Suprayogi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
System Management ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Management Function ◽  
Budget Optimization ◽  
Irrigation System Management

The performance of the irrigation system management in Riau Province has not shown an optimal irrigation management function and irrigation conditions and functions due to budget constraints that have an impact on the performance of one of the irrigation areas in this province, namely the Uwai irrigation area. The purpose of this research is to get the performance value of the irrigation network system in the Uwai irrigation area and get budget optimization in the Uwai irrigation area. The results showed that the greatest assessment of damage to physical conditions in the Uwai irrigation network was found in the carrier channel RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 left, which was 40% of the total channels and buildings and the smallest functional condition assessment in the Uwai irrigation network. found on channel RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 left, which is 75% so that this channel is only able to serve 85.5 Ha from 342 Ha, 71 Ha from 284 Ha, 59.5 Ha from 238 Ha, 36.75 Ha of 147 Ha to be served.   Abstrak Kinerja Pengelolaan sistem irigasi Provinsi Riau belum menunjukkan fungsi manajemen irigasi dan kondisi serta fungsi irigasi yang optimal akibat adanya keterbatasan anggaran yang ada sehingga berdampak pada kinerja salah satu daerah irigasi di provinsi ini yaitu daerah irigasi Uwai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapat nilai kinerja sistem jaringan irigasi pada daerah irigasi Uwai  dan mendapat optimalisasi anggaran pada daerah irigasi Uwai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Penilaian kerusakan kondisi fisik di jaringan irigasi Uwai paling besar terdapat pada saluran pembawa RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 kiri, yaitu sebesar 40% dari keseluruhan saluran dan bangunan dan penilaian kondisi fungsional di jaringan irigasi Uwai yang paling kecil terdapat pada saluran RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 kiri yaitu sebesar 75% sehingga pada saluran ini hanya mampu melayani 85.5 Ha dari 342 Ha, 71 Ha dari 284 Ha, 59,5 Ha dari 238 Ha, 36,75 Ha dari 147 Ha yang harus dilayani.  

scholarly journals Institutional Performance of Irrigation System in Spatial Dimensions in Semi-Arid Region Timor Island East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Nurwiana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Main System ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Thirty-four percent (34.40%) of irrigation areas in Indonesia are under the authority of the central government, 17.89% under the authority of the provincial government and 47.71% are under the authority of the District/Municipality government. Various efforts have been made by the government to improve the performance of surface water irrigation systems that cover 78% of the total irrigation area, however, the performance did not improve significantly. One of the cause is due to the damage of national surface water canals that affect the performance of the irrigation system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the institutional performance of the irrigation system in the spatial dimension in the semi-arid region of Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. The spatial approach of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method was chosen as an alternative approach in the analysis of irrigation system performance because it considers the variability of hydrogeological characteristics and the performance of different irrigation systems in each irrigation area based on their authority. The results of this study indicated that the total cropping intensity had a significant effectand decreased the performance of the irrigation system. The higher rice productivity and the maintenance frequency of the main system (headworks and canals) would improve the performance of the irrigation system. Meanwhile, the lower damage rate of the main system would improve the performance of the irrigation system. Irrigation area under the authority of district/municipality had a lower/worse irrigation system performance than those under the authority of provincial and central governments.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KINERJA SISTEM IRIGASI DI DAERAH IRIGASI PANDRAH KABUPATEN BIREUEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Winardi Winardi ◽  
Azmeri Azmeri ◽  
Masimin Masimin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Operation Technique ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Rapid Appraisal ◽  
Method Approach

The Pandrah Irrigation Area is a technical irrigation network whose water source comes from the Krueng Pandrah river. Pandrah Weir was built in 1987 located in Samagadeng Village, Pandrah District, Bireuen Regency. It has an area of 1,203 hectares of irrigated rice fields. In its development, the damage that occurs in the Pandrah irrigation area also cannot be ignored. It is necessary to review it by assessing the performance of the irrigation system. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance index of the Pandrah irrigation system using the MASSCOTE (Mapping System and Service for Canal Operation Technique) method approach. The assessment of the performance index of the Pandrah irrigation system using the MASSCOTE method approach is carried out by evaluating the Rapid Appraisal Procedure (RAP) on four main indicators, namely service indicators, indicators for Farmers Using Water (P3A), indicators for the operator's Human Resources (HR). In the evaluation of the RAP, it is the value of observations of the respondents of OP officers and P3A farmers who are presented in a questionnaire to cross-assess each respondent in irrigation management. The results of the research on the performance appraisal of the Pandrah irrigation system based on the MASSCOTE method with RAP evaluation showed that the performance index of the absolute value (Level of Service) was 3.05. Hence, the performance index of the Pandrah irrigation system in the existing conditions was in the Good classification. This index and classification value shows the value of irrigation operations in fulfilling services from irrigation management carried out by operators / OP officers and felt by irrigation service beneficiaries, namely P3A farmers.

Dissipation of Clomazone, Imazapyr, and Imazapic Herbicides in Paddy Water under Two Rice Flood Management Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Schreiber ◽  
Ananda Scherner ◽  
Joseph H. Massey ◽  
Renato Zanella ◽  
Luis A. Avila
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Paddy Water ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Rice Irrigation

Information on the dissipation of clomazone, imazapyr, and imazapic in paddy water under different irrigation system is not available in the literature. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two irrigation systems (intermittent (IF) and continuous (CF) flood) on the dissipation of clomazone, imazapyr, and imazapic in paddy water. Imazapic was the least persistent herbicide in paddy water, with DT50-values of approximately 3 and 5d under CF and IF, respectively. Imazapyr required a two-fold increase in time to reach its half-life in water in contrast to imazapic, with DT50-values of approximately 6 and 11d under CF and IF, respectively. Clomazone showed the highest DT50-values, varying between 7 to 21d under CF and IF, respectively. Imazapyr and imazapic dissipation was faster under CF, while clomazone was not affected. This investigation found that the dissipation behaviors of herbicides vary under different rice irrigation regimes. Thus changes in irrigation management, as will be required to produce more rice grain with less water to avoid future scarcity, should consider impacts of flood management on herbicide persistence and environmental behavior.

Representing ancient southern Mesopotamia irrigated landscapes in an agent-based model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengxiao Lang ◽  
Maurits W. Ertsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Primary Canal ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Different Levels

&lt;p&gt;In order to explore possibilities of mimicking the operation of an irrigation system under varied scenarios, the authors have designed the Irrigation-Related Agent-Based Model (IRABM), providing a platform for integrating human and non-human agents (water managers, farmers, barley, river, canals, and gates) together and analyzing the interactions among these agents. IRABM illustrates how barley yields respond to varied irrigation strategies and how patterns of yields vary among the levels of individual farmers, canals, and the whole irrigation system. The model proves how this type of theoretically and empirically informed computer model can be used to develop new insights into studying and simulating interactions between individuals and their environment in an irrigation system. Furthermore, it demonstrates how and why irrigation and yield patterns can emerge from changing actions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the applications of the model will be for ancient Southern Mesopotamia, the pluvial land between the two rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Our knowledge of irrigation management and irrigated-landscapes in southern Mesopotamia fairly scant due to lack of data, but also because attention for the details of irrigation management has been ignored in archaeological analysis to date. IRABM offers options to synchronize the general features of irrigation systems to the specifics of Mesopotamia. How to represent ancient Mesopotamia in IRABM is the key question we address in this paper.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the low precipitation, the available water in Mesopotamia&amp;#8217;s watercourses for cultivation was vital. This prompted the establishment of irrigated agriculture, leading to its sophisticated irrigation systems over time. Management of irrigation activities is both related to water volumes in the different (levels of) water courses, and to the size of a system. Because of the expanding Mesopotamian society, and this its irrigated areas, the unpredictable water availability, and the threat of water scarcity during the crop growing period, coordinating issues were critical.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to present ancient Mesopotamian irrigation systems in IRABM and how to fully explore the temporal and spatial coordination issues is our current challenge. Using the standard composition of irrigation systems in the primary canal, secondary canals, and tertiary canals, we can draft sizes of these levels. The cultivated size of agricultural land varied among the different levels of canals. Generally, the primary canal would supply 5 to 6 villages, while the second and tertiary canals might irrigate land in 2 to 3 villages and 1 village, respectively. The main crops were winter crops (barley and wheat). The water regimes of the two rivers are characterized by great, rather unpredictable fluctuations that do not coincide with winter crops.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This presentation will discuss how the data on ancient Mesopotamian irrigation (including water availability in rivers, canals, and fields, and surface areas of irrigated landscapes) can be meaningfully included in an ABM that allows studying how small/short processes contribute to large-scale patterns and processes occurring in irrigation systems.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals IoT-Based Smart Irrigation Systems: An Overview on the Recent Trends on Sensors and IoT Systems for Irrigation in Precision Agriculture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura García ◽  
Lorena Parra ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez ◽  
Jaime Lloret ◽  
Pascal Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation ◽  
Recent Trends

Water management is paramount in countries with water scarcity. This also affects agriculture, as a large amount of water is dedicated to that use. The possible consequences of global warming lead to the consideration of creating water adaptation measures to ensure the availability of water for food production and consumption. Thus, studies aimed at saving water usage in the irrigation process have increased over the years. Typical commercial sensors for agriculture irrigation systems are very expensive, making it impossible for smaller farmers to implement this type of system. However, manufacturers are currently offering low-cost sensors that can be connected to nodes to implement affordable systems for irrigation management and agriculture monitoring. Due to the recent advances in IoT and WSN technologies that can be applied in the development of these systems, we present a survey aimed at summarizing the current state of the art regarding smart irrigation systems. We determine the parameters that are monitored in irrigation systems regarding water quantity and quality, soil characteristics and weather conditions. We provide an overview of the most utilized nodes and wireless technologies. Lastly, we will discuss the challenges and the best practices for the implementation of sensor-based irrigation systems.

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