STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL TENTANG KEKUATAN DINDING BATA DENGAN PERKUATAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Saridewi Pascanawaty ◽  
M Sukrawa ◽  
I.A M Budiwati
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Shear Behaviour ◽  
Failure Plane ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Strength Tests

Abstract: Experimental study on the strength of brick walls have been done through literature review and laboratory testing to determine flexural, compressive and shear behaviour of the walls. Four different type of walls were used consisted of walls without plastering (TP), walls with plastering (DP), walls with plastering and chicken mesh reinforcement (DPK), and walls with plastering and wire mesh M4 reinforcement (DPW). The behaviour examined included load-deformation relationship and crack pattern/mode of failure. Laboratory testing included compression test (C) namely CTP, CDP, CDPK and CDPW; bond/shear strength test (S) namely STP, SDP, SDPK, and SDPW; flexural strength tests for failure plane perpendicular to bed joints (F) namely FTP?, FDP?, FDPK?, and FDPW?; and flexural strength tests for failure plane parallel to bed joints, namely FTP//, FDP//, FDPK// and FDPW//. Prior to testing the wall, tests on constituent materials were conducted. Red brick (made in Negara) showed compressive strength of 11,03 N/mm² with water absorption of 21,84%. Compressive strength of mortar was 9,1 N/mm². For the wall specimens testing was done after 28 days. The data obtained from the wall tests showed that compression strength for CTP, CDP, CDPK and CDPW are 3,82 N/mm², 3,84 N/mm², 7,46 N/mm², and 6,33 N/mm², respectively. Values for CDP, CDPK and CDPW are 1,01; 1,95; and 1,86 greater than that for CTP. Bond strength values of STP, SDP, SDPK and SDPW are 0,11 N/mm², 0,28 N/mm², 0,54 N,mm², and 0,42 N/mm², respectively. Values for SDP, SDPK and SDPW are 2,58; 4,88; and 3,87 greater than that of STP. Flexural strength values of FTP? and FDP? are 0,93 N/mm² and 1,27 N/mm², with a failure load for FTP?, FDP?, FDPK?, and FDPW? are sebesar 8,17 KN, 25,17 KN, 31,17 KN and 40,67 KN, respectively. The values for FDP?, FDPK?, and FDPW? are 3,08; 3,82; and 4,98 greater than that of FTP?. Flexural strength values of FTP// and FDP// are 0,38 N/mm² and 0,66 N/mm², with a failure load for FTP//, FDP//, FDPK//, and FDPW// are 3,5 KN, 13,67 KN, 18,33 KN and 32,83 KN, respectively. The values for FDP//, FDPK//, and FDPW// are 3,9; 5,24; and 9,38 greater than that of FTP//. The flexural strength of FDPK and FDPW that’s not analyzed because it was a shear failure and not a flexural failure. Stiffness (EA) for CTP, CDP, CDPK, and CDPW are 725,09 KN, 1096,32 KN,  2357,64 KN, and 1869,78 KN, respectively. The last three values are 1,5; 3,3; and 2,6  greater than that for CTP. Stiffness (EI) of FTP? was 23,78 KNm2, while stiffness of FDP?, FDPK? and FDPW? are 68,68 KNm2,  96,31 KNm2 and 112,17 KNm2, respectively, or 2,9; 4,0; and 4,7 greater than that for FTP?. Stiffness (EI) of FTP// was 12,99 KNm2, while stiffness of FDP//, FDPK//, and FDPW// were 46,89 KNm2, 84,53 KNm2 and 119,51 KNm2, respectively, or 3,6; 6,5; and 9,2 greater than that for FTP//.

scholarly journals Examining Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Artificial Coarse Aggregates in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2416-2424
Author(s):  
Erniati Bachtiar ◽  
Mustaan Mustaan ◽  
Faris Jumawan ◽  
Meldawati Artayani ◽  
Tahang Tahang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene

This study aims to examine the effect of recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive strength and flexural strength, and the volume weight of the concrete. PET plastic waste is recycled by heating to a boiling point of approximately 300°C. There are five variations of concrete mixtures, defined the percentage of PET artificial aggregate to the total coarse aggregate, by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Tests carried out on fresh concrete mixtures are slump, bleeding, and segregation tests. Compressive and flexural strength tests proceeded based on ASTM 39/C39M-99 and ASTM C293-79 standards at the age of 28 days. The results showed that the use of PET artificial aggregate could improve the workability of the concrete mixture. The effect of PET artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete is considered very significant. The higher the percentage of PET plastic artificial aggregate, the lower the compressive and flexural strength, and the volume weight, of the concrete. Substitution of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of PET artificial aggregate gave decreases in compressive strength of 30.06, 32.39, 41.73 and 44.06% of the compressive strength of the standard concrete (18.20 MPa), respectively. The reductions in flexural strength were by respectively 19.03, 54.50, 53.95 and 61.00% of the standard concrete's flexural strength (3.59 MPa). The reductions in volume weight of concrete were by respectively 8.45, 17.71, 25.07 and 34.60% of the weight of the standard concrete volume of 2335.4 kg/m3 Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091626 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Characteristics of PVC Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fiber Reinforced Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Indradi Wijatmiko ◽  
Ari Wibowo ◽  
Christin Remayanti Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Mesh Fiber

Fiber concrete containing fibrous materials is manufactured to improve the low tensile strength of concrete and its brittle properties. In this research, fiber obtained from PVC coated welded wire mesh with diameter of 1 mm was utilized. There were several variations of fiber concrete samples made. Samples were subjected to tensile and compressive strength tests. The elastic modulus was measured by using extensometer and strain-stress gauges. The results show that the incorporation of PVC coated welded wire mesh increases the tensile strength of concrete, when the percentage of the fiber is 1.5%, with the length of 3.6cm, and the interlocking of 1.2cm. However, the compressive strength is slightly reduced from the normal ones. The elastic modulus results show that the introduction of PVC coated welded wire mesh tends to reduce the flexibility, as the value reduced 15-50% as compared to the normal ones without any fiber

scholarly journals Study of Waste Plastic Mix Concrete with Plasticizer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baboo Rai ◽  
S. Tabin Rushad ◽  
Bhavesh Kr ◽  
S. K. Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Strength Characteristic ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Hardened Properties

The fresh and hardened properties of waste virgin plastic mix concrete have been studied (CUR Report 1991). A number of concrete mixes were prepared in which sand was partially replaced by waste plastic flakes in varying percentages by volume. Waste plastic mix concrete with and without superplasticizer was tested at room temperature. Forty-eight cube samples were moulded for compressive strength tests at three, seven, and twenty-eight days. Eight beams were also cast to study the flexural strength characteristic of waste plastic mix concrete. It was found that the reduction in workability and compressive strength, due to partially replacement of sand by waste plastic, is minimal and can be enhanced by addition of superplasticizer.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Cement Mortar under Different Loading Speeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3697
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Zhenheng Zhou ◽  
Chuanqing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Sample Age

In this work, the relationships between the mechanical properties (i.e., compressive strength and flexural strength) and loading speed of polypropylene fiber (PPF)-incorporated cement mortar at different ages (before 28 days) were studied. A total of 162 cubic samples for compressive strength tests and 162 cuboid samples for flexural strength tests were casted and tested. Analytical relationships between the sample properties (i.e., sample age, PPF content, and loading speed) and compressive and flexural strength were proposed based on the experimental data, respectively. Of the predicted compressive and flexural strength results, 70.4% and 75.9% showed less than 15% relative error compared with the experimental results, respectively.

Effect on Mechanical Properties of Rubberized Concrete due to Pretreatment of Waste Tire Rubber with NaOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wen Ma ◽  
Jin Chao Yue
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Ultimate Strain ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Rubber Particles

Rubber particles were dipped into NaOH solution in order to wipe the zinc stearate generated in the process of preparation of rubber power. Rubber with different particle diameters and mixing amount (sand replaced in equal volume percentage) was adopted to produce rubberized concrete specimens. A series of tests including compressive strength tests, flexural strength tests, elastic modulus tests and ultimate strain ratio tests were done respectively. The results of tests showed that the value of the compressive strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus decreased with the increase of the mixing amount of rubber, while the decrease amplitude was different from each other. The value of ultimate strain increased a little and the ability of toughness and deformation of rubberized concrete were enhanced obviously through dipping rubber particles into NaOH solution.

Experimental Research of the Permeable Concrete with Rigid Polymeric Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1204-1207
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Liu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Ji Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Polymeric Fibers ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Tensile Splitting Strength

In order to improve the hardness and strength of the permeable concrete, rigid polymeric fibers are mixed to the concrete. Compressive strength tests, flexural strength tests, tensile splitting strength tests and permeable performance tests prove that the rigid polymeric fibers could increase the hardness and strength of the permeable concrete. The optimized mix proportion and forming process are recommended to support the application of the permeable concrete.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reinforcement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and The Effect of Reinforcement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) andThe Effect of Reinforcement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and Fly Ash On The Strength of Foam Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosli M. F. ◽  
Rashidi A. ◽  
Ahmed E. ◽  
Sarudu N. H
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Mesh Reinforcement

 Foam concrete is a type of lightweight concrete. The main characteristics of foam concrete are its low density and thermal conductivity. Its advantages are that there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs. This research was conducted to investigate the compressive strength and flexural strength of reinforced foam concrete. The use of fly ash and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as cement and sand replacement were also included in the production of reinforced foam concrete. There were two types of reinforcements used to reinforce the foam concrete namely plastic and wire mesh. Physical failure mode, compressive strength and flexural strength of samples were compared and analyzed. The replacement percentages for both fly ash and EPS were varied between 0-50% and 0-40% respectively. The study showed that it is feasible to reinforce the foam concrete and the best result was obtained from wire mesh reinforcement. The study also showed that the optimum replacement level for both fly ash and EPS was 30% based on compressive and flexural strength results.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Shear Behaviour of Cement Grout

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianhang Chen ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Hongbao Zhao ◽  
Junwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
Shear Stress Distribution ◽  
Shear Behaviour ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Failure Plane

Cement grout is widely used in civil engineering and mining engineering. The shear behaviour of the cement grout plays an important role in determining the stability of the systems. To better understand the shear behaviour of the cement grout, numerical direct shear tests were conducted. Cylindrical cement grout samples with two different strengths were created and simulated. The numerical results were compared and validated with experimental results. It was found that, in the direct shear process, although the applied normal stress was constant, the normal stress on the contacted shear failure plane was variable. Before the shear strength point, the normal stress increased slightly. Then, it decreased gradually. Moreover, there was a nonuniform distribution of the normal stress on the contacted shear failure plane. This nonuniform distribution was more apparent when the shear displacement reached the shear strength point. Additionally, there was a shear stress distribution on the contacted shear failure plane. However, at the beginning of the direct shear test, the relative difference of the shear stresses was quite small. In this stage, the shear stress distribution can be assumed uniform on the contacted shear failure plane. However, once the shear displacement increased to around the shear strength point, the relative difference of the shear stresses was obvious. In this stage, there was an apparent nonuniform shear stress distribution on the contacted shear failure plane.

Microstructure and Characterizations of Portland-Carbon Nanotubes Pastes

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nochaiya ◽  
P. Tolkidtikul ◽  
Pisith Singjai ◽  
Arnon Chaipanich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Tga Analysis

This research studied microstructure and characterizations of Portland cement with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which were used as an additive material at 0 %, 0.5 % and 1 % by weight of cement. The compressive and flexural strength tests of mixes were conducted using water/cement ratios (w/c) of 0.5. Samples of mixes were selected for SEM analysis and then ground for TGA analysis. The results show that the compressive strength and flexural strength at all aging time of Portland-CNTs cement composites was higher than that of control mix. Microstructure results show that CNTs was filled in pores between matrix phases to show denser phase and TGA graphs show similar phases to PC mix.

scholarly journals Possibility of Using Concrete Reinforced by Carbon Fibre in Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Nada Mahdi Fawzi Aljalawi ◽  
Haider M.K. Al-Jelawy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fibre Concrete ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Reference Specimens

This work focuses on studying the mechanical characteristics of carbon fibre reinforced concrete, containing a different percentage of fibre. This work was carried out using several tests. These tests were hardened density, compressive strength, flexural strength . Tests were performed for specimens at ages of (7,28,60) days. The test results indicated that the inclusion of fibre in the reference concrete mixes did not affect the compressive strength significantly, while the flexural strength was improved. Test results indicated that the flexural strength of (0.75%) carbon fibre concrete specimens are twice that of the reference specimens in age of 28 days . The percentage of increasing the flexural strength for carbon mixes containing fibre by volume fraction of (0.5%, 0.75%) were (23%, 27%) respectively at age of 28 days. 

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