scholarly journals Аукцион резервирования мест доступа в заповедниках: теоретическое и экспериментальное исследование

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-151
Author(s):  
Диана Авдеева ◽  
Александр Филатов
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Vickrey Auction ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
Successful Testing ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Reserved Area

Работа посвящена разработке эффективного механизма взаимодействия заповедников с туроператорами, который позволяет находить финансирование для приоритетных проектов, а также привлекать на рынок новых участников и создавать новые туристические продукты для потенциальных клиентов. Существующая схема распределения, препятствующая входу на рынок новичков, не позволяет раскрыть потенциал экологического и познавательного туризма. Предложенный механизм, главной составляющей которого является аукцион мест доступа, решает проблему неэффективности. В то же время, нерациональное поведение экономических агентов может нивелировать общественный выигрыш от аукциона. Пилотная серия экспериментов, проведенных как на студентах-экономистах, так и с участием представителей заповедника и туристических компаний, позволила оценить глубину возникающей неэффективности и скорость обучения участников. The paper dwells upon developing an effective mechanism of interaction between the reserved areas and tour operators which allows to raise funds for priority projects, to involve new participants into the market and to create new tourism products for potential clients. The existing scheme of access points arrangement, hampering the new entrants, doesn’t allow to realize the potential of ecological and educational tourism. The proposed mechanism, the principal element of which is the auction for the access points reservation, eliminates entry barriers, helps to redistribute quotas effectively, to raise money for the most important projects and investigations, and in general to solve the problem of inefficiency. In particular, the reserved areas always have portfolios of tourism, environmental and scientific projects. At the same time the lack of the budget funding doesn’t allow them to realize all of those projects. Besides, there is no reasonable experience of involving business into such issues solution. The proposed mechanism allows the reserved areas to get funds from tour operators even for noncommercial projects. The firms supporting any of the projects financially (one or several, wholly or partly) become the partners of the reserved area. This is of interest for the partners not only for the purposes of advertising themselves or for improving their reputation. Tour operators get the whole amount of the transferred money (and in some cases even some additional bonus) to their virtual accounts. They can spend these funds to buy permits for serving tourists on the top-requested routes. The reserved areas offer some access points to be arranged (in the future all of them) by the auction. If a tour operator would like to enter the market or increase the number of available permits, it makes bids in the format (p, q), i.e. the price and the corresponding number of tourists whom it is ready to serve at this price. The number of bids is unlimited. After the time expiration the access points are arranged by the multi-auction at the (n+1)-price (multi-version of the Vickrey auction). Access points are granted to the companies that have made the maximum bids. It is possible to establish (by the decreasing coefficients) priorities in favor of certain companies, for example, long-term partners of the reserved areas, local tour operators, etc. This, in particular, can reduce skepticism regarding the transition to a new model of interaction between tour operators and the reserved areas. At the same time any other companies also have the opportunity to enter the market and receive the desired permits. As for the important features of the auction format, determining its choice as the proposed mechanism, we can mention, that the auction shows the market price. This format allows to determine the real wish of the firm to pay for the tourism activities in the reserved areas. Indeed, it is at the Vickrey auction where each bidder could demonstrate its real demand. In addition, what is especially important for this format is a large number of permits and tour operators participating in the auction and that helps to solve the traditional issues of participants’ collusion and possible auctioneer opportunism. At the same time the agents irrational behavior can eliminate social effects of the auction. The pilot series of experiments performed involving students-economists as well as the representatives of the reserved areas and tourist companies allowed estimating the arising inefficiency and the learning rate. After updating the proposed mechanism is planned to be applied on the electronic platform of the recreational and tourist services developed at the FEFU together with the staff of the Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve. Upon successful testing, it can be adapted and applied in other protected areas.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE VISIM NATURE RESERVE: FROM THE VISIM RESERVE TO THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. FEDOROV ◽  
◽  
I.A. KUZNETSOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Recreational Pressure ◽  
Taiga Forests

This article presents a historical analysis of human impact and further step-by-step nature reserve creation within the territory of the current Visimsky State Biosphere Reserve. From the end of XVII to the middle of XX centuries the ecosystem of low-mountain southern taiga forests in the Middle Ural region was strongly exploited by a local mining and metallurgical industry. The establishment of the Visim State Reserve in 1946 did not provide sustainable results but initiated research studies that laid a foundation for a subsequent preservation and the studies of the endemic taiga forests of the Middle Ural in the framework of the modern Visimsky State Biosphere Reserve. Since 1975 the science department of the reserve has conducted regular observations of the nature processes. The reserve has established long-term and efficient collaboration with the Institute of Ecology of Animals and Plants, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The joint research findings are used in practical solutions of the nature preservation in the region. This collaboration is also focused on the monitoring of the recreational pressure caused by the educational tourism.

Research on Statistic Characteristics of Fluctuations in China Stock Market

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 5975-5979
Author(s):  
Jing Rong Li ◽  
Chun Juan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Security Market ◽  
Price Trend ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
China Stock Market

It is well known that the psychology of market participants have important influences on stock market price trend, but information on this level is far from detail for market participants. When facing different stocks to determine their investment configurations, market participants join the irrational behavior on considerations of stock market price trend; will surely help him choose to invest better or more effective risk management. As the start of a new exploratory study, the paper based on statistic regression model as the main tools, selected several plates with significant fundamental differences in Chinese security market as research object, concentrates on exploration the effect of p/e ratio and fluidity indexes on market participants psychology, at the same time inspects if these effects exist plate differences. The method is also applicable to other fundamental factors.

scholarly journals Educational Tourism in Protected Natural Areas in South-East of the Baikal Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Vera Chizhova ◽  
Sergey Kirillov ◽  
Mikchail Slipenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Field Research ◽  
State University ◽  
The South ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Moscow State University

Abstract The paper presents the implementation of the strategy of development of tourism in the south-east of the Baikal region on the territory of the Baikal Biosphere reserve and its subordinate federal sanctuaries. as a result of the field research conducted in the summer of 2014 by a group of staff and students of the Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State university, a project of a tour route for the development of ecotourism and environmental education in the territory of Altacheysky sanctuary has been proposed.

X-ray microanalysis of thin specimens in the transmission electron microscope at voltages up to 1000 Kv.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. Cliff ◽  
M.J. Nasir ◽  
G.W. Lorimer ◽  
N. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Constant Independent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Image Position ◽  
X Ray Absorption

In a specimen which is transmission thin to 100 kV electrons - a sample in which X-ray absorption is so insignificant that it can be neglected and where fluorescence effects can generally be ignored (1,2) - a ratio of characteristic X-ray intensities, I1/I2 can be converted into a weight fraction ratio, C1/C2, using the equationwhere k12 is, at a given voltage, a constant independent of composition or thickness, k12 values can be determined experimentally from thin standards (3) or calculated (4,6). Both experimental and calculated k12 values have been obtained for K(11<Z>19),kα(Z>19) and some Lα radiation (3,6) at 100 kV. The object of the present series of experiments was to experimentally determine k12 values at voltages between 200 and 1000 kV and to compare these with calculated values.The experiments were carried out on an AEI-EM7 HVEM fitted with an energy dispersive X-ray detector.

Slip traces caused by plastic deformation during recrystallization of thin metal sheets

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
H. Lin ◽  
D. P. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
List Type ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Slip Traces ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Individual Grains

During a study of mechanical properties of recrystallized B-free Ni3Al single crystals, regularly spaced parallel traces within individual grains were discovered on the surfaces of thin recrystallized sheets, see Fig. 1. They appeared to be slip traces, but since we could not find similar observations in the literature, a series of experiments was performed to identify them. We will refer to them “traces”, because they contain some, if not all, of the properties of slip traces. A variety of techniques, including the Electron Backscattering Pattern (EBSP) method, was used to ascertain the composition, geometry, and crystallography of these traces. The effect of sample thickness on their formation was also investigated.In summary, these traces on the surface of recrystallized Ni3Al have the following properties:1.The chemistry and crystallographic orientation of the traces are the same as the bulk. No oxides or other second phases were observed.2.The traces are not grooves caused by thermal etching at previous locations of grain boundaries.3.The traces form after recrystallization (because the starting Ni3Al is a single crystal).4.For thicknesses between 50 μm and 720 μm, the density of the traces increases as the sample thickness decreases. Only one set of “protrusion-like” traces is visible in a given grain on the thicker samples, but multiple sets of “cliff-like” traces are visible on the thinner ones (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).5.They are linear and parallel to the traces of {111} planes on the surface, see Fig. 3.6.Some of the traces terminate within the interior of the grains, and the rest of them either terminate at or are continuous across grain boundaries. The portion of latter increases with decreasing thickness.7.The grain size decreases with decreasing thickness, the decrease is more pronounced when the grain size is comparable with the thickness, Fig. 4.8.Traces also formed during the recrystallization of cold-rolled polycrystalline Cu thin sheets, Fig. 5.

Dissection of the molecular mechanisms of protein targeting to the peroxisome using immunofluorescence and immunocryoelectron microscopies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
G-A. Keller ◽  
S. J. Gould ◽  
S. Subramani ◽  
S. Krisans
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Peroxisomal Enzyme ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting ◽  
Targeting Signal ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting Signal

Subcellular compartments within eukaryotic cells must each be supplied with unique sets of proteins that must be directed to, and translocated across one or more membranes of the target organelles. This transport is mediated by cis- acting targeting signals present within the imported proteins. The following is a chronological account of a series of experiments designed and carried out in an effort to understand how proteins are targeted to the peroxisomal compartment.-We demonstrated by immunocryoelectron microscopy that the enzyme luciferase is a peroxisomal enzyme in the firefly lantern. -We expressed the cDNA encoding firefly luciferase in mammalian cells and demonstrated by immunofluorescence that the enzyme was transported into the peroxisomes of the transfected cells. -Using deletions, linker insertions, and gene fusion to identify regions of luciferase involved in its transport to the peroxisomes, we demonstrated that luciferase contains a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) within its COOH-terminal twelve amino acid.

Effect of furnace atmosphere and silica content on the consolidation behaviour of magnesia partially stabilised zirconia

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056-1057
Author(s):  
J. Drennan ◽  
R.H.J. Hannink ◽  
D.R. Clarke ◽  
T.M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Furnace Atmosphere ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Compositional Gradients ◽  
Mobile Liquid

Magnesia partially stabilised zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ceramics are renowned for their excellent nechanical properties. These are effected by processing conditions and purity of starting materials. It has been previously shown that small additions of strontia (SrO) have the effect of removing the major contaminant, silica (SiO2).The mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood but the strontia appears to form a very mobile liquid phase at the grain boundaries. As the sintering reaches the final stages the liquid phase is expelled to the surface of the ceramic. A series of experiments, to examine the behaviour of the liquid grain boundary phase, were designed to produce compositional gradients across the ceramic bodies. To achieve this, changes in both silica content and furnace atmosphere were implemented. Analytical electron microscope techniques were used to monitor the form and composition of the phases developed. This paper describes the results of our investigation and the presentation will discuss the work with reference to liquid phase sintering of ceramics in general.

Nonconscious Activation of Achievement Goals

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Engeser
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Achievement Motive ◽  
Goal Priming ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Research Questions

In a series of experiments, Bargh, Gollwitzer, Lee-Chai, Barndollar, and Trötschel (2001) documented that achievement goals can be activated outside of awareness and can then operate nonconsciously in order to guide self-regulated behavior effectively. In three experiments (N = 69, N = 71, N = 56), two potential moderators of the achievement goal priming effect were explored. All three experiments showed small but consistent effects of the nonconscious activation of the achievement goal, though word class did not moderate the priming effect. There was no support for the hypothesis that the explicit achievement motive moderates the priming effect. Implications are addressed in the light of other recent studies in this domain and further research questions are outlined.

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

Replication of the Superstition and Performance Study by

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Calin-Jageman ◽  
Tracy L. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Performance

A recent series of experiments suggests that fostering superstitions can substantially improve performance on a variety of motor and cognitive tasks ( Damisch, Stoberock, & Mussweiler, 2010 ). We conducted two high-powered and precise replications of one of these experiments, examining if telling participants they had a lucky golf ball could improve their performance on a 10-shot golf task relative to controls. We found that the effect of superstition on performance is elusive: Participants told they had a lucky ball performed almost identically to controls. Our failure to replicate the target study was not due to lack of impact, lack of statistical power, differences in task difficulty, nor differences in participant belief in luck. A meta-analysis indicates significant heterogeneity in the effect of superstition on performance. This could be due to an unknown moderator, but no effect was observed among the studies with the strongest research designs (e.g., high power, a priori sampling plan).

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