scholarly journals Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity of Pergularia tomentosa against carbon tetra chloride induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vinoth Kumar ◽  
Malliga Elangovan ◽  
Raja Sekar Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Many oxidative stress related disease are due to accumulation of free radicals in the body which causes cell injury. In this study, the enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione-s-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase, Ascorbate oxidase and Polyphenoloxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Total reduced glutathione and Vitamin C) activities were determined using Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) rat liver as experimental model. The ethanol and chloroform extract showed noticeable increases in enzymatic antioxidant and non- enzymatic antioxidant and thus capability to scavenge the free radicals and protect against oxidative stress causing diseases. Thus, the present study indicates that the plant may be clinically valuable agent in the prevention of hepatic failure caused by CCl4 intoxication. 

scholarly journals The role of selenium in cardiology

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
T. A. Kuropatkina ◽  
N. A. Medvedeva ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selenium Status

Selenium is an important micronutrient that is essential for the functioning of the human body. Being a component of the active center of several antioxidant enzymes selenium prevents cell injury by free radicals. Decline in selenium-containing enzymes results in progression of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are considered as possible causes for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on mechanisms for prevention of myocardial and vascular injury through the adequate selenium supply to the body. The importance of monitoring and correction of the selenium status in appropriate patients is underlined.

scholarly journals SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD) DAN RADIKAL BEBAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Evirosa Juliartha Simanjuntak ◽  
Zulham Zulham
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant that works by regulating ROS levels. This group of enzymes functions to catalyze the efficient disposal of superoxide anions. Superoxide anions are produced enzymatically and non-enzymatically. In mammals there are 3 types of SOD, namely SOD1 (CuZnSOD), SOD2 (MnSOD), SOD3 (ECSOD). Oxidative stress caused by free radicals has been reported to be involved in several diseases. Various stressors trigger ROS production, also triggering the production of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), hydroperoxidase (HPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Free radicals cause oxidative stress when the amount in the body is excessive, this situation will cause oxidative damage at the cellular, tissue to organ levels that will accelerate the aging process and the onset of disease. Free radicals are molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons and are therefore relatively unstable. Free radicals try to stabilize themselves by taking electrons from other molecules and will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). If there is a disturbance in the balance of ROS products with antioxidants, oxidative stress will occur which results in damage to cell components. The higher levels of oxidative stress will increase the lipid peroxidation marker which is presented as malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the SOD enzyme activity. Thus the role of molecules that have antioxidant activity is very necessary to ward off oxidative stress.

scholarly journals “SUPPLEMENTATION OF ZINC IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEAT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS”

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Antony Madhuri Bedadala ◽  
Anthony David M
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Heat stress is a major health burden with potential health out-comes. Oxidative stress is a metabolic dysfunction that carries oxidative damage of cells and tissues. Zinc is a co-factor against oxidative stress. Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the Supplementation of zinc in acute and chronic heat stress on antioxidant changes in wistar albino rats. Methodology: 36 Wistar albino rats were selected for the study. They were divided into 2 Groups. Group A was acutely and Group B was chronically heat stressed rats and both were zinc pretreated. The Enzymatic and Non enzyme activity in them were estimated. Results: After acute and chronic heat stress, i) there was a significant increase (P <0.001) in lipid peroxidation activity. ii) Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic antioxidants were reduced (P < 0.001) iii) Rats pretreated with zinc showed a decrease (P< 0.001) in lipid peroxidation and increase (P < 0.001) in enzymatic antioxidants (P < 0.001) and Non enzymatic antioxidants. Key Words: antioxidants, heat stress, wistar albino rats

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

scholarly journals Biochemical Studies on Phenylhydrazine Induced Experimental Anemic Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi ◽  
Kora Rudraiah Siddalinga Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of diphenylhydrazine induced experimental wistar albino rats and also to assess various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate.MATERIALAND METHODS: Twenty male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm were selected for the study and divided in two groups; ten phenylhydrazine dihydrochloride (PHZ) induced anemia and ten healthy control. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide were measured as lipid peroxidation parameter. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and enzymatic antioxidants; catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed.RESULTS: Phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats showed a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidants as compared to healthy rats.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that phenylhydrazine induced experimental anemic albino rats showed increased oxidative stress than compared with healthy albino rats.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 41-47 

Attenuation of erythrocyte membrane oxidative stress bySesbania grandiflorain streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrabose Sureka ◽  
Thiyagarajan Ramesh ◽  
Vavamohaideen Hazeena Begum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Protective Effects

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora flower (SGF) extract on erythrocyte membrane in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, weighing 190–220 g, were made diabetic by an intraperitonial administration of STZ (45 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were treated with SGF, and diabetic rats were also treated with glibenclamide as drug control, for 45 days. In this study plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels were decreased and blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation markers, and osmotic fragility levels were increased in diabetic rats. Moreover, erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were altered. Similarly, the activities of total ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase were also decreased in the erythrocytes of diabetic rats. Administration of SGF to STZ-induced diabetic rats reduced blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with increased levels of insulin and haemoglobin. Moreover, SGF reversed the protein and lipid peroxidation markers, osmotic fragility, membrane-bound ATPases activities, and antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that SGF could provide a protective effect on diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress-associated diabetic complications.

Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasna K. A. ◽  
Geetha N. ◽  
Jean Maliekkal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory

Background: Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body functions and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. The free radical theory of ageing proposed by Harman D states that ageing is a result of cumulative damage incurred by free radical reactions. Free radicals are highly reactive molecular species with unpaired electrons; generated in the body by several physiological processes. Prime target to free radical attack are the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes causing lipid peroxidation. The free radicals are neutralized by the exogenous and endogenous antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when large number of free radicals are produced or the antioxidant activity is impaired. The present study is focused to find out the role of oxidative stress in ageing.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress in ageing; by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin in various age groups. 150 healthy subjects were selected randomly and categorised into three different age groups of 20-30 years, 40-59 years and 60-90 years; with 50 subjects in each group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Results: a significant elevation in serum MDA level and a decline in SOD were observed in 40-59 years and 60-90 years age groups. However, an elevated ceruloplasmin level was found in the above age groups.Conclusions: Aforementioned observations are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and the progression of ageing process.

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