scholarly journals The Intercultural Bilingual Education: Representations and Social Practices of the Otherness

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Francisca De la Maza

It is presented an argumentative theoretical and methodological discussion for the analysis of intercultural bilingual education programs (EIB) in Chile. It is proposed an approach that deepens into the implementation of national policies to local areas, highlighting the role assumed by the local government agent in its performance and in the construction of the state and, particularly in its relationship with the indigenous peoples. Based on the analysis of this program, it is deepened in the representations and social practices that are transmitted in respect to the indigenous otherness from the teachers’ speech.

Author(s):  
Lígia Duque Platero

L’hégémonie et les programmes d’éducation autochtone au Mexique et au Brésil (1940-1970)Lígia Duque Platero Dans cet article, l’auteure présente des renseignements sur les programmes d’éducation autochtone des agences indigénistes du Brésil et du Mexique, entre 1940 et 1970, et elle propose également un survol de l’influence de ces programmes sur les processus de formation d’hégémonie des États au sens large, au sein des peuples amérindiens de ces pays durant la même période. Les écoles de l’Institut national indigéniste (INI), au Mexique, et surtout celles du Service de protection de l’Indien (SPI), au Brésil, ont mis l’accent sur l’enseignement de la langue nationale dans leurs programmes et elles ont exercé une influence sur la création de l’idée d’existence de la nationalité « métisse », visant le « développement » et l’« intégration » des peuples autochtones à la nation. Dans les deux pays, les missions religieuses ont participé à l’éducation autochtone, notamment le Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). Au Mexique, la participation des promoteurs culturels bilingues en tant qu’« intermédiaires culturels » entre les institutions indigénistes et les communautés s’est avérée un élément clé pour la formation de l’hégémonie. Au Brésil, les enseignants étaient « non autochtones » et leur influence fut moins importante.Mots clés : éducation autochtone, politique indigéniste, éducation bilingue, intégration indigénisme, hégémonie  Hegemony and Indigenous Education Programs in Mexico and Brazil (1940-1970)Lígia Duque Platero This article describes the education programs of indigenist agencies in Brazil and Mexico between 1940 and 1970. It provides an overview of the influence that these programs have had on the formation of State hegemonies, broadly considered, and their extension to Indigenous peoples during this period. The schools of the National Indigenist Institute (INI) in Mexico, and even more those of the Indian Protection Service (SPI) of Brazil, have put an emphasis on the teaching of the national language in their programs, and have contributed to the creation of the idea of « mestizo » national identity, while centering their mission on the « development » and « integration » of Indigenous peolples within the nation. In both countries, religious missions have played a role in Indigenous education, notably through the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). In Mexico, the participation of bilingual cultural promoters acting as « cultural intermediaries » between indigenist institutions and the communities has played a key role in the formation of State hegemony. In Brazil, teachers were non-indigenous, and their impact was less significative.Keywords: Indigenous Education, Indigenist policy, bilingual education, Indigenism Integration, hegemony  Hegemonía y programas de educación indígena en México y Brasil (1940-1970)Lígia Duque Platero En este artículo la autora presenta informaciones sobre los programas de educación indígena de las agencias de asuntos indígenas de Brasil y de México, entre 1940 y 1970. Para este mismo período, la autora da también una mirada a la influencia de dichos programas sobre la constitución de formas hegemónicas en los Estados, en un sentido amplio, y en el seno de los pueblos indígenas de dichos países. Los programas de las escuelas del Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI), en México, y sobre todo las del Servicio de Protección a los Indios (SPI), en Brasil, pusieron el acento en la enseñanza de la lengua nacional e influyeron en la creación de la idea de la existencia de la nacionalidad “mestiza”, apuntando hacia el “desarrollo” y la “integración” de los pueblos indígenas a la nación. En ambos países las misiones religiosas han participado en la educación indígena, especialmente el Instituto Lingüístico de Verano (ILV). En México, la acción de los promotores culturales bilingües como “mediadores culturales” entre las instituciones de asuntos indígenas y las comunidades fue un elemento clave para la configuración de formas hegemónicas. En Brasil, los profesores eran “no indígenas” y su influencia fue menos importante.Palabras clave : educación indígena, política indigenista, educación bilingüe, integración indigenismo, hegemonía  Hegemonia e os programas de educação indígena no México e no Brasil (1940-1970)Lígia Duque Platero Nestas notas de pesquisa, apresentamos informações sobre os programas de educação indígena das agências indigenistas do Brasil e do México, entre 1940 e 1970, e realizamos uma breve discussão sobre a influência desses programas nos processos de formação de hegemonia dos Estados ampliados entre os povos indígenas desses países, no período citado. Nas escolas do Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI), no México, e principalmente do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (SPI), no Brasil, as escolas enfatizaram o ensino da língua nacional em seus currículos e influenciaram na criação da ideia da existência da nacionalidade “mestiça”, visando o “desenvolvimento” e a “integração” dos povos indígenas à nação. Em ambos os países, missões religiosas participaram da educação indígena e aqui destacamos a atuação do Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). No México, a participação dos promotores culturais bilíngues como “intermediários culturais” entre as instituições indigenistas e as comunidades resultou na grande importância da educação indígena para a formação da hegemonia. Já no caso do Brasil, os professores e professoras eram “não indígenas” e sua influencia foi mais restrita.Palavras-chave : Educação Indígena; Política indigenista; educação bilíngue; Indigenismo de Integração; Hegemonia 


Author(s):  
Tuija Veintie

<div>This article examines intercultural bilingual education (IBE) as a reterritorialization of a globalized Western model of formal education into the Ecuadorian indigenous context. This reterritorialization is explored through an IBE teacher education institute. First, the article discusses the instructional practices that attempt to break with Western ways of thinking and understanding knowledge. Secondly, the article examines the &ldquo;Monday morning assembly,&rdquo; a key event that exemplifies the negotiations between adopting and customizing Western ways in everyday practices. The study shows that the effects of coloniality remain strong despite the efforts towards social and cognitive justice. (This article is provided in English only.)</div><div><p>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p><div>Este art&iacute;culo examina la educaci&oacute;n intercultural biling&uuml;e como reterritorializaci&oacute;n del modelo occidental globalizado para la educaci&oacute;n formal dentro del contexto de las comunidades ind&iacute;genas ecuatorianas. Esta reterritorializaci&oacute;n se explora en el art&iacute;culo a trav&eacute;s del estudio de dos casos del Instituto Educativo de Maestros EIB. El primer caso discute el intento de romper con las formas de pensamiento y conocimiento en la instrucci&oacute;n de las ciencias occidentales. En el segundo caso, el an&aacute;lisis de una de las juntas del d&iacute;a lunes da una clara muestra sobre las negociaciones que se llevan a cabo para la adopci&oacute;n de las costumbres occidentales en la rutina diaria de la comunidad educativa. El estudio muestra c&oacute;mo se mantienen los efectos de la colonizaci&oacute;n a pesar de los esfuerzos hechos para el logro de una justicia social y cognitiva. (Este art&iacute;culo se ofrece solamente en ingl&eacute;s.)</div><div><br /></div></div>


2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka

Abstract Amendment to the Act on special rules of preparation and implementation of investment in public roads resulted in an accelerated mode of acquisition of land for the development of roads. The decision to authorize the execution of road investment issued on its basis has several effects, i.e. determines the location of a road, approves surveying division, approves construction design and also results in acquisition of a real property by virtue of law by the State Treasury or local government unit, among others. The conducted study revealed that over 3 years, in this mode, the city of Krakow has acquired 31 hectares of land intended for the implementation of road investments. Compensation is determined in separate proceedings based on an appraisal study estimating property value, often at a distant time after the loss of land by the owner. One reason for the lengthy compensation proceedings is challenging the proposed amount of compensation, unregulated legal status of the property as well as imprecise legislation. It is important to properly develop geodetic and legal documentation which accompanies the application for issuance of the decision and is also used in compensation proceedings.


e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici

SummaryTheme conflicts of interest is one of the major reasons for concern local government, regional and central administrative and criminal legal implications aiming to uphold the integrity and decisions objectively. Also, most obviously, conflicts of interest occur at the national level where political stakes are usually highest, one of the determining factors of this segment being the changing role of the state itself, which creates opportunities for individual gain through its transformations.


Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk

Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.


1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 171-219
Author(s):  
Theodore N. McDowel ◽  
J. Marbury Rainer

This Article analyzes the development and complexities of the antitrust state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act as these doctrines apply to both “municipalities” and private entities. The restructuring of a public hospital is used as a model to facilitate the antitrust analysis. The restructuring model, which typically involves the leasing of a hospital facility by a public entity to a private nonprofit corporation, offers the unique opportunity to compare the different standards employed under the state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act. As a practical matter, the Article provides a framework for a public hospital to evaluate the impact of corporate restructuring on its antitrust liability exposure and to develop strategies to minimize antitrust risks.


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