Self-Worth and Moral Knowledge

1998 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Gowans
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Moral Skepticism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Face

I argue that persons are unlikely to have moral knowledge insofar as they lack certain moral virtues; that persons are commonly deficient in these virtues, and hence that they are regularly unlikely to have adequate moral knowledge. I propose a version of this argument that employs a broad conception of self-worth, a virtue found in a wide range of moral traditions that suppose a person would have an appropriate sense of self-worth in the face of tendencies both to overestimate and underestimate the value of one’s self. I begin by noting some distinctive features of this argument that distinguish it from more common arguments for moral skepticism. This is followed by an elucidation of the virtue of self-worth. I then consider some connections between self-worth and moral knowledge and, more briefly, the extent of self-worth among persons. Finally, I respond to the objection that the argument is incoherent because it presupposes moral knowledge that it later undermines.

Human Nature, Personhood, and Ethical Naturalism

Philosophy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hacker-Wright
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Practical Deliberation ◽  
Ethical Naturalism ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
A Value ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Learning From Others

AbstractJohn McDowell has argued that for human needs to matter in practical deliberation, we must have already acquired the full range of character traits that are imparted by an ethical upbringing. Since our upbringings can diverge considerably, his argument makes trouble for any Aristotelian ethical naturalism that wants to support a single set of moral virtues. I argue here that there is a story to be told about the normal course of human life according to which it is no coincidence that there is agreement on the virtues. Because we are creatures who arrive at personhood only by learning from others in a relation of dependency, we cannot help but see ourselves as creatures for whom non-instrumental rationality is the norm. Those who train others in personhood must view the trainee's interests as having a value independent of their interests and must imbue the trainee with a sense of that value. Extending and preserving the sense of self-worth that we must acquire if we are to acquire personhood requires we see ourselves as creatures who need something like the virtues.

Self‐Affirmation and Trust: The Buffering Effects of Work‐Related Types of Self‐Affirmation on a Trust Violation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Doggart
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Face

Interpersonal trust, or the willingness to be vulnerable to another person based on the belief that she will act benevolently, is an important concept in personal relationships and also in the workplace. Many organizational initiatives such as negotiations and teamwork benefit from trusting behaviours for effective execution. Unfortunately, violations or breeches of trust often occur in relationships with co‐workers; when an individual acts in a harmful or self‐serving way, co‐workers may feel that their self‐integrity has been threatened. How can this trust be repaired? According to self‐affirmation theory, individuals are motivated to restore their sense of self‐worth in the face of a violation. A person can maintain a perception of themselves as moral and adequate by affirming their self‐worth in a domain unrelated to that of the trust violation. In this laboratory experiment, three self‐affirmation conditions focus on friends/family as the domain outside of the workplace that provides self‐affirmation. Participants imagine being part of a Queen’s research laboratory highlighting a close relationship to a teammate, who later violates the participant’s trust. At that point, either the participant is not affirmed, or they are reminded directly or indirectly of their family/friends. Afterwards, questionnaires assess participants’ trusting attitudes and openness to criticism, comparing responses between conditions. This research may help to establish different ways to buffer loss of productivity or effectiveness in the workplace due to loss of trust brought about by events such as downsizing or poor performance evaluations. It also identifies factors that help manage trust violations and restore trust.

scholarly journals Deeply Learned Pose Invariant Image Analysis with Applications in 3D Face Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Ratyal ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad Taj ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Anzar Mahmood ◽  
Sohail Razzaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Alignment Algorithm ◽  
3D Face Recognition ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Norm Minimization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face

Face recognition aims to establish the identity of a person based on facial characteristics and is a challenging problem due to complex nature of the facial manifold. A wide range of face recognition applications are based on classification techniques and a class label is assigned to the test image that belongs to the unknown class. In this paper, a pose invariant deeply learned multiview 3D face recognition approach is proposed and aims to address two problems: face alignment and face recognition through identification and verification setups. The proposed alignment algorithm is capable of handling frontal as well as profile face images. It employs a nose tip heuristic based pose learning approach to estimate acquisition pose of the face followed by coarse to fine nose tip alignment using L2 norm minimization. The whole face is then aligned through transformation using knowledge learned from nose tip alignment. Inspired by the intrinsic facial symmetry of the Left Half Face (LHF) and Right Half Face (RHF), Deeply learned (d) Multi-View Average Half Face (d-MVAHF) features are employed for face identification using deep convolutional neural network (dCNN). For face verification d-MVAHF-Support Vector Machine (d-MVAHF-SVM) approach is employed. The performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through extensive experiments performed on four databases: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB, and FRGC v2.0. The results show that the proposed approach yields superior performance as compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Analysis of Cu(InGa)Se2 Alloy Film Optical Properties and the Effect of Cu Off-Stoichiometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Paulson ◽  
S. H. Stephens ◽  
W. N. Shafarman
Keyword(s):  
Optical Constants ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractVariable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to characterize Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films as a function of relative Ga content and to study the effects of Cu off-stoichiometry. Uniform Cu(InGa)Se2 films were deposited on Mo-coated soda lime glass substrates by elemental evaporation with a wide range of relative Cu and Ga concentrations. Optical constants of Cu(InGa)Se2 were determined over the energy range of 0.75–C4.6 eV for films with 0 ≤ Ga/(In+Ga) ≤ 1 and used to determine electronic transition energies. Further, the changes in the optical constants and electronic transitions as a function of Cu off-stoichiometry were determined in Cu-In-Ga-Se films with Cu atomic concentration varying from 10 to 25 % and Ga/(In+Ga) = 0.3. Films with Cu in the range 16–24 % are expected to contain 2 phases so an effective medium approximation is used to model the data. This enables the relative volume fractions of the two phases, and hence composition, to be determined. Two distinctive features are observed in the optical spectra as the Cu concentration decreases. First, the fundamental bandgaps are shifted to higher energies. Second, the critical point features at higher energies become broader suggesting degradation of the crystalline quality of the material.

Hesitating before the Judgment of History

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Brook
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Subject ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Natural Impulse

The ubiquitous experience of wartime collaboration in East Asia has not yet undergone the analysis that its counterpart in Europe has received. The difficulty has to do with the political legacies that the denunciation of collaboration legitimized, as well as the continuing hegemony of the discourse of nationalism. Both inhibitors encourage the condemnation of collaboration rather than its historicization. Reflecting briefly on the 1946 trial of Liang Hongzhi, China's first head of state under the Japanese, this essay argues that the historian's task is not to create moral knowledge, but to probe the presuppositions that bring the moral subject of the collaborator into being for us, and then ask whether real collaborators correspond to this moral subject. In the face of the natural impulse to render judgment, this essay argues for the wisdom of hesitation.

Lymphoedema after head and neck cancer treatment: an overview for clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Sup4) ◽  
pp. S24-S29
Author(s):  
Claire Jeans ◽  
Bena Brown ◽  
Elizabeth C Ward ◽  
Anne E Vertigan
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
The Impact

Lymphoedema is a disorder of the lymphatic system that presents as an atypical swelling and accumulation of protein-rich fluid within the interstitial spaces. Head and neck lymphoedema (HNL) is highly prevalent in patients who have been treated for head and neck cancer (HNC) and may manifest externally on the face and neck; internally within the oral cavity, pharynx or larynx; or as a combination of both. HNL is known to contribute to a wide range of physical, functional and psychological issues, and presents several unique challenges in terms of its management. This review article provides an overview of HNL for clinicians and aims to improve awareness of this condition and the impact it has on patients.

Numerical simulations of wet snow avalanches: interplay between cohesion and friction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Chambon ◽  
Thierry Faug ◽  
Mohamed Naaim
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Shallow Flow ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Avalanche Flow

<p>Wet snow avalanches present distinctive features such as unusual trajectories, peculiar deposit shapes, and a rheological behavior displaying a combination of granular and pasty features depending on the actual snow liquid water content. Complex transitions between dry (cold) and wet (hot) flow regimes can also occur during a single avalanche flow. In an attempt to account for this complexity, we report on numerical simulations of avalanches using a frictional-cohesive rheology implemented in a depth-averaged shallow-flow model. Through extensive sensitivity studies on synthetic and real topographies, we show that cohesion plays a key role to enrich the physics of the simulated flows, and to represent realistic avalanche behaviors. First, when coupled to a proper treatment of the yielding criterion, cohesion provides a way to define objective stopping criteria for the flow, independently of the issues incurred by artificial diffusion of the numerical scheme. Second, and more importantly, the interplay between cohesion and friction gives raise to a variety of nontrivial physical effects affecting the dynamics of the avalanches and the morphology of the deposits. The relative weights of frictional and cohesive contributions to the overall stress are investigated as a function of space and time during the propagation, and related to the formation of specific features such as lateral levées, hydraulic jumps, etc. This study represents a first step towards robust avalanches simulations, spanning the wide range of possible flow regimes, through shallow-flow approaches. Future improvements involving more refined cohesion parameterizations will be discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Dignity, religion and freedom of expression in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus C.W. Van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic

The issue that this article dealt with is whether, in South African law, speech that infringes upon the religious feelings of an individual is protected by the dignity clause in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The Constitution, as well as the Broadcasting Code, prohibits language that advocates hatred, inter alia, based on religion and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. Dignity, which is a central Constitutional right, relates to the sense of self worth which a person has. A Court has held that religious feelings, national pride and language do not form part of dignity, for purposes of protection in law. The Broadcasting Complaints Commission has, similarly, decided that a point of view seriously derogatory of ‘Calvinistic people’ blaming (some of) them as being hypocritical and even acting criminally is not protected by dignity. It would have to be accompanied by the advocacy of hatred as defined previously. The author, however, pointed out that on occasion different facts might found a finding in law that religion is so closely connected to dignity, that it will indeed be regarded as part thereof.

4D ARCHITEKTŪROJE

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Lupeikis ◽  
Algimantas M. Mačiulis
Keyword(s):  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Video Installation ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intention To Change ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

Recently, among other processes in modern architecture, a lot more attention is expressed towards the fourth dimension (4D). This process is caused as an opposition to pragmatic functionalism, utilitarity, unification, formal deconstructyvism, sophistication. The expression of 4D in contemporary architecture is an intention to change the face of modern architecture, giving it more expressiveness, modern innovation. It results in specific aims and priorities of architectural expression. Architecture of today contains a variety of artistic areas (video, installation, painting, sculpture, graphics) as integral parts of its surface or internal structures. A building becomes an object of interdisciplinary art. The integration of interactive hypersurfaces in exteriors and interiors leads to various aspects of 4D in modern architecture. The paper discusses various aspects of 4D in architecture, excluding several marginal cases showing a wide range of aspects and priorities. Santrauka Pastaruoju metu, šalia kitų reiškinių, šiuolaikinėje architektūroje vis aktyviau reiškiasi ketvirtosios dimensijos vaidmuo. Šį procesą lemia priešprieša pragmatiškam funkcionalizmui, utilitarumui, unifikacijai, formaliam dekonstrukciniam laužymui, įmantrumui, daugžodžiavimui. 4D raišką šiuolaikinėje architektūroje formuoja siekis keisti architektūros „veidą“, suteikiant jai daugiau išraiškingumo, įtaigumo ir šiuolaikinio novatoriškumo. Tai lemia specifinius architektūrinės raiškos tikslus ir prioritetus. Šiuolaikinė architektūra įtraukia į save įvairių meno krypčių (videomenas, instaliacija, tapyba, skulptūra, grafika) elementus ne kaip atskirus meno objektus, o kaip neatsiejamus pastato paviršiaus ar vidaus struktūrinius darinius. Pastatas tampa tarpdisciplininiu meno objektu. Interaktyvių hiperpaviršių integravimasis eksterjere ir interjere lemia įvairius ketvirtosios dimensijos aspektus šiuolaikinėje architektūroje, kurie ir yra nagrinėjami šiame straipsnyje. Straipsnyje aptariami įvairūs ketvirtosios dimensijos šiuolaikinėje architektūroje aspektai ir sritys, išskiriami kraštutiniai, charakteringi atvejai, atspindintys platų tikslų ir prioritetų diapazoną. Aptariami, autorių manymu, charakteringiausi šios raiškos atvejai, daugiausiai dėmesio skiriant hiperpaviršių įtakai ketvirtosios dimensijos pasireiškimui šiuolaikinėje architektūroje.

scholarly journals PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION OF THE SIGNALS IN THE ELECTROSTATIC GRAVIINERTIAL SENSOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
I. Z. Gilavdary ◽  
S. N. Mekid ◽  
N. N. Riznookaya
Keyword(s):  
Torsional Rigidity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Parametric Amplification ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Torsion Suspension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Differential Circuits ◽  
Simultaneous Reading

The challenges of designing simple, reliable, and high sensitivity graviinertial sensors are investigated. The sensor comprises a proof mass (PM) and is fixed with the housing by the elastic torsion suspension. PM makes small rotations under the action of gravitational forces or inertial forces.The distinctive features of the sensor are that the differential electrostatic system provides simultaneous reading of the desired signal and a control the torsional rigidity of suspension. In addition, the PM's rotational angular velocity transforms in the alternating current flowing through the capacitors. The presence of аlternating current (AC) voltage sources allows to get the parametric amplification of AC and significantly to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In the simplest case, the sensor does not contain any feedback circuits.As an example, calculations of the micromechanical linear accelerations confirm that the periodic modulation of the coefficient of elastic stiffness of the suspension can significantly increase the sensitivity in the low frequency range, even in the absence of parametric resonance.Conditions for suppressions of background current participating in the output signal from a parametric pumping due to the asymmetry of the differential circuits are set. The frequency characteristics calculations of the sensor were carried out. It is expected, that the proposed sensor design ensures minimum noise level, which can be achievable in the graviinertial sensors. This design and the constructed theory can serve as a basis for creating a wide range of graviinertial devices operating on a movable base, for example, linear and angular accelerometer, gravity gradiometer, gravimeters, and inclinometers, which can be realized in the hybrid and in the micromechanical versions.

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