scholarly journals DESIGNING ERROR DETECTION PROMPTS AND PEER FEEDBACK FOR PHYSICS CLASSROOMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Charles ◽  
Kevin Lenton ◽  
Rhys Adams ◽  
Michael Dugdale ◽  
Nathaniel Lasry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Peer Feedback ◽  
Introductory Physics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Writing Feedback ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Group 1

We examine the design of error detection prompts which scaffold peer-feedback as a corrective process, rather than an error-identification task. After designing a series of these prompts, they were given to a class of students in an introductory physics course (treatment group). Students in the treatment group, in comparison to the control group, 1) were more successful at correctly identifying errors and providing more meaningful feedback to a fictional classmate, and 2) wrote more, and explained physics better on final exam questions. In addition, several students adopted a mentoring (tutor-tutee) identity when writing feedback.

Comparison of the effectiveness of collaborative groups and peer instruction in a large introductory physics course for science majors

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin S. Kalman ◽  
Marina Milner-Bolotin ◽  
Tetyana Antimirova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Method ◽  
Introductory Physics ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Peer Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
First Time ◽  
Conflict Strategy

We report on an experiment comparing examinations of concepts using slightly modified peer instruction (MPI) interventions with a conceptual conflict strategy based on collaborative groups (CG). Four interventions were utilized in two sections of an introductory physics course for science students. Both instructors and strategies were alternated in the two classes so that instructor dependence could be factored out and so that each class could serve as both an experimental and a control group. The gain on the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) used as a pre- and post-test is essentially the same in both classes. The instructors were experienced in use of MPI, but this was the first time that these instructors had used a collaborative group activity in their classes and only used it for the two interventions in each class described in this paper. CG appears to be more effective as a teaching method than PI. It also should be noted that the effectiveness of both teaching methods seems to be instructor independent as long as the instructors followed the same protocol.

scholarly journals A field trial evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of amitraz-impregnated collars against canine babesiosis (Babesia canis rossi) in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Last ◽  
J.D. Hill ◽  
P.T. Matjila ◽  
C.A. Reme
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

South African canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis rossi is a common clinical disease in dogs in South Africa and remains a significant cause of domestic dog mortality. To determine whether tick-repellent, 9% amitraz-impregnated tick collars (Preventic-Virbac) could prevent tick-borne exposure to B. canis rossi, 50 dogs were assigned to two groups. Group 1 (20 dogs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- and reverse line blot (RLB)-negative for B. canis rossi, were fitted with amitraz collars and blood samples collected monthly , over a 6-month period, and analysed for B. canis rossi. Group 2 (30 dogs) included 5 dogs selected on a month-by-month basis from a population of dogs from the same geographical area as the group 1 dogs, but with no history of previous tick control, which were blood-sampled together with the treatment group and analysed for B. canis rossi by PCR and RLB, to serve as the control group. Eight of the 30 control dogs (26.6 %) were PCR / RLB positive for B. canis rossi, indicating high pathogen exposure during the trial period. All twenty of the treatment group dogs remained negative for B. canis rossi throughout the 6 months of the trial. These results suggest that the use of amitraz-impregnated collars had a significant effect on reducing infection with B. canis rossi.

scholarly journals The Conceptual Learning of Physics in Slovenian Secondary Schools

Organizacija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Simon Ülen ◽  
Ivan Gerlič
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Conceptual Learning ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Introductory Physics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Innovative Teaching ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Group A ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Experimental Group

The Conceptual Learning of Physics in Slovenian Secondary SchoolsIn the last decade, educational researchers have been intensively searching for new, innovative teaching approaches. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a great didactic potential and project COLOS (Conceptual Learning of Science) encourages the use of ICT in the contemporary educational process. In this paper we present the conceptual learning of Physics. With experimental research we investigated the effectiveness of such learning in Slovenian secondary school. Two groups of third-year students who were enrolled in an introductory Physics course participated in the study. In the experimental group students were taught through the conceptual learning and in the control group a traditional expository instruction was used. We examined the knowledge of students after carrying out lessons specifically on the topic of Electricity. Five thinking processes were assessed - Knowledge (Recall), Analysis, Comparison, Inference and Evaluation. We found that the conceptual learning was more effective than the traditional instruction.

The effect of interactive lecture experiments on student academic achievement and attitudes towards physics

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Moll ◽  
Marina Milner-Bolotin
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Introductory Physics ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Typical Result ◽  
Student Academic Achievement ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Learning Attitudes ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
Interactive Lecture

This paper examines the effects of computer-based Interactive Lecture Experiments (ILEs) in a large introductory physics course on student academic achievement and attitudes towards physics. ILEs build on interactive lecture demonstrations by requiring students to analyze data during and after lecture demonstrations. Academic achievement was measured using the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and final examinations' grades; and student attitudes were measured using a Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS). FCI results showed a general positive shift (about average for an interactive course) but could not detect improvements in student understanding of specific topics addressed by ILEs. However, open-ended questions on the final exam showed differences between sections on topics that were addressed by ILEs. Attitude survey results showed a negative shift in student attitudes over the semester, which is a typical result for an introductory physics course. This finding suggests that ILE pedagogy alone is insufficient to significantly improve student attitudes toward science. The study also revealed possible improvements to implementing ILEs such as working in groups, ongoing feedback for students, and linking assessment to pedagogical practices.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian kopi terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang terpapar stres

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risnawati A. Haris ◽  
Lydia Tendean ◽  
Grace Turalaki
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Light Form ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: The coffee beans composed of the compound caffeine, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and acid stearic. The content of caffeine in coffee can improve spermatozoa motility that are not motile by inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and affects the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Spermatozoa quality can be affected by various factors such as stress. In nocturnal animals, dark periode becomes a signal to do activity by suprachiasmatic nucleus. The change in activity of the nocturnal animals from initial condition in the dark then exposed to light can leads to stress. This study was aimed to determine the effect of coffee on the spermatozoa quality of wistar rats which had been exposed to stress. This was an experimental analytical study with a post-test only control group design. The study was conducted for 50 days from September to November 2016. The sample consisted of 9 rats divided into three groups: a control group (P0) is given only exposure to stress in the form of light, the treatment group 1 (P1) is given exposure to stress in the light form and liquid coffee 1 ml / kg and the treatment group 2 (P2) is given exposure to stress in the light form and coffee extracts. The results showed that there were significant differences in the concentration and motility treatment group 1 (P1) to the control group (P0) which is p <0.05 and significant differences in sperm motility treatment group 2 (P2) to the control group (P0) which is p <0.05. Conclusion: Coffee administration could improve the quality of spermatozoa of wistar rats exposed to stress.Keywords: stress, coffee, quality of spermatozoa. Abstrak: Biji kopi tersusun dari senyawa kafein, asam palmatik, asam linoleat dan asam stearik. Kandungan kafein yang terdapat didalam kopi mampu meningkatkan motilitas spermatozoa yang tidak motil dengan cara menghambat siklus nukleotida fosfodiesterase dan mempengaruhi level intraseluler dari siklus AMP. Kualitas spermatozoa juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor lain seperti stres. Pada hewan nokturnal periode gelap menjadi sinyal untuk beraktiftas dilakukan oleh suprachiasmatic nucleus. Perubahan aktivitas pada hewan nokturnal dari kondisi awalnya ditempat yang gelap lalu diberikan paparan cahaya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kopi terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar yang terpapar stres. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental analitik dengan post-test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan selama 50 hari dari bulan September – November 2016. Sampel sebanyak 9 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu : kelompok kontrol (P0) hanya diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya dan cairan kopi 1 mL/KgBb dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberikan paparan stres berupa cahaya dan ekstrak kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi dan motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) terhadap kelompok kontrol (P0) yaitu p<0,05 dan perbedaan yang signifikan pada motilitas spermatozoa kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) terhadap kelompok kontrol (P0) yaitu p<0,05. Simpulan: Pemberian kopi meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa yang terpapar stres. Kata kunci: stres, kopi, kualitas spermatozoa

scholarly journals The Effect of Peer-feedback on EFL Medical Students’ Writing Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Maedeh Afrasiabi ◽  
Laleh Khojasteh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Peer Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Writing Composition ◽  
Current Article

The current article investigates the effect of peer-feedback on writing performance of the Medical Students of Shiraz University. This research is experimental and fifty nine students both male and female participated in this study. The population included the medical students of Shiraz University.The researcher utilized convenient sampling to choose the participants. They were also divided to two groups. The treatment group which consist of 30 students and the control group which were 29 students. The researcher used writing composition in order to gather the data required for the writing performance and questionnaire based on the Likerd scale for the writing self-efficacy. The data gathered in a Pretest-Treatment-Posttest Design. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship betweenpeer-feedback and the improvement of the writing performance.

scholarly journals Sperm phenotypes in varicocele

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
O. B. Zhukov ◽  
E. E. Bragina ◽  
A. V. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sperm Ultrastructure ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study objective is to microscopically evaluate the morphology of sperm in patients with varicocele after surgical treatment and therapy with Prostatilen® AC.Materials and methods. The treatment group included 20 males between 26 and 45 years of age (mean age 31.6 ± 6.1 years) with various stages of varicocele and fertility problems; among them, 10 patients with subclinical stages of varicocele received conservative treatment with Prostatilen® AC (group 1) and were examined before and after the treatment; 10 males with infertility caused in part by varicocele of the spermatic cord veins were examined 6 months to 3 years after surgical treatment (group 2). Standard clinical and lab tests, sperm analysis, electron microscopy of the ejaculate were performed. The control group included 65 fertile males whose sperm samples were obtained from a bank of reproductive cells and tissues and used for comparison in microscopic examination.Results. In patients who received conservative treatment the number of sperm with immature chromatin decreased (p = 0.045) compared to the control group. This characteristic differed in patients after varicocelectomy and patients after conservative treatment (p = 0.037). Compared to control, the number of sperm with excess residual cytoplasm in the head and neck was higher in patients after varicocelectomy (p = 0.011). After conservative treatment, the number of sperm with excess residual cytoplasm was close to the control number and lower than in patients after varicocelectomy (р = 0.028).Conclusion. In patients with subclinical varicocele, conservative treatment with Prostatilen® AC leads to significant improvement in sperm ultrastructure compared to patients who underwent surgery to treat this pathology. 

scholarly journals Why Mozart compositions during pregnancy should be exposed in the night. Study on apoptotic index of Rattus norvegicus offsprings’ brain neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Eka Nasrur Maulana ◽  
Hermanto Tri Joewono ◽  
Widjiati Widjiati ◽  
Windhu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apoptosis Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To analyze the optimal time to expose Mozart compositions(in the night/ dark) by measuring brain neural apoptotic index of Rattus norvegicus offspringsMaterials and Methods: This study used experimental random-ized post test only control group design in pregnant Rattus norvegicus. Subjects were divided into three groups at random, ie control group, 1 (1 hour Mozart exposure in dark) and 2 (1 hour Mozart in light), each comprised 8 females. After delivery, 2 heaviest Rattus norvegicus offsprings were chosen, totally 15 neonates in each group, then they were sacrificed with decapita-tion and the brain was prepared and stained using TUNEL assay method and the index of neurons cell apoptosis was calculated using microscope in 1000x magnification. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Airlangga, after conducting ethical feasibility test.Results: There were no miscarriages, congenital malformation, preterm birth and deaths in all groups. The control group's neural apoptosis index was 55.98 ± 4.12, group one 24.87±3.45 and group two 23.82±3.89. Based on statistical test result, there was no significant difference of apoptosis index between treatment group 1 and treatment group 2, with p value 0,836 but significant difference was found between control group and treatment group 1 (p=0.002) and between control group and treatment group 2 (p=0.009). In dark group we found the lower average of apoptotic index, the lowest apoptotic index, 9 of 15 had the lowest, the heaviest head weight and 4 of 15 subjects had the heaviest head weightConclusion: There was no significant difference between the pro-vision of Mozart music in dark and light on brain neuron of Rattus norvegicus offsprings although lower average in the dark group especially if the extreme value exluded. In the dark group: we found  the lower average of apoptotic index, the lowest apoptotic index, biggest proportion of the lowest index, the heaviest head and biggest proportion of heaviest head.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Petai (Parkia speciosa) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Bagian Tubulus Proksimal Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Paracetamol

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
AVINDA DEVIANA
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<p>Paracetamol, which is one of the NSAIDs (<em>Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs</em>) is widely used by the wider community as a therapeutic and pain-reducing therapy. In addition to its many uses, paracetamol can cause a variety of serious toxicities, including nephrotoxicity. Bitter bean extract (<em>Parkia speciosa</em>) has a flavonoid compound which is an antioxidant. This was a laboratory experimental study with <em>post-test only control</em> <em>group </em>design using 24 rats divided into 3 groups. Positive control group fed with standard diet, aquades and bitter bean extract (<em>Parkia speciosa</em>); each rat in the treatment group 1 was induced with paracetamol 9 mg / day orally; and each rat in the treatment group 2 was given bitter bean extract (<em>Parkia speciosa</em>) 7,2 mg / day induced paracetamol 9 mg / day after 45 min. The kidneys were taken by surgery on the 15th day and microscopically examined. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 with Kruskal-Wallis method.</p>

Available study time and undergraduate student exam performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Shahar Sansani ◽  
Afik Rahamim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Exam Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Exams

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether the number of lecture-free and exam-free days before a final exam affects students’ scores overall and by gender.Design/methodology/approachThe paper exploits scheduling differences in final exams between two groups of students who take identical final exams. The treatment group and the control group have similar exam spacing for one “early exam,” but the treatment group has four additional days between exams for another “later exam,” allowing for a difference-in-differences analysis. A survey of contemporary students is conducted to complement the empirical results.FindingsOverall, there are no statistically significant differences in the grades on the exams between the control group and the group that had four more study days. When examined by gender, the point estimate on females is large in magnitude but statistically insignificant at conventional levels (p-value=0.087).Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses data on undergraduate students studying economics in Israel. More research in other contexts is needed to determine the robustness of the findings.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to study the effect of the number of days students have between final exams on student final exam scores. The results can aid in determining optimal final exam schedules.

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