scholarly journals KESESUAIAN KOLESTEROL LDL HASIL PERHITUNGAN SEJUMLAH FORMULA DENGAN KOLESTEROL LDL DIREK METODE ENZIMATIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Dona Liazarti ◽  
May Valzon
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Friedewald Formula ◽  
Enzymatic Methods

Increased cholesterol levels are the main cause of coronary heart disease. The results of examining LDL must be precise and accurate, but direct LDL examination (LDL-Direct) is quite expensive to do in a place with limited facilities so various experiments are carried out to get LDL formula (LDL-Cal) that is appropriate than formula commonly used, Friedewald formula. The aimed of this study was to determine the correlation between LDL cholesterol from calculation a number formulas with direct LDL cholesterol in order to obtain the best formula to be applied in laboratory of Lubuk Sikaping Hospital. This research was conducted on 75 patients who did lipid profile examination in laboratory of Lubuk Sikaping Hospital, who meet the inclusion criteria. Examination of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were carried out by enzymatic methods on clinical chemistry analyzer. LDL cholesterol also calculated by several formulas namely Friedelwald formula (TC- (TG/5) -HDL), Chen formula (90% nonHDLC-10% TG), Anandaraja formula (0.9 TC- (0.9 TG/5) -28), Puavilai formula (TC-HDLC-TG/6), Vujovic formula (TC-HDLC-TG/3), and Cordova formula (3/4 (TC-HDLC.) Bland & Altman plot was used to compare the calculated LDL cholesterol level of each formula with the direct LDL. The mean LDL levels were 136.41 (35.92); 116.64 (32.72); 117.03 (30.83); 121.95 (32.79); 121.83 (33.23); 96.84 (32.47); 109.97 (28.24) for Direct, Friedelwald, Chen, Anandaraja, Puavilai, Vujovic, and Cordova respectively. Based on the Bland & Altman Plot, the calculation of LDL cholesterol from the Chen formula has the best compatibility with LDL-Direk with the mean difference of 19.3867 ± 19.0489 mg / dl at triglyceride levels <400 mg / dl, so it can be applied at RSUD Lubuk Sikaping with limited facilities. Keywords: LDL Cholesterol; LDL-Direct; LDL-CalAbstrakPeningkatan kadar kolesterol merupakan penyebab utama penyakit jantung koroner. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar LDL serum harus tepat dan akurat, namun pemeriksaan kadar LDL secara langsung (LDL-Direk) cukup mahal untuk dilakukan di tempat dengan fasilitas terbatas sehingga dilakukan berbagai percobaan untuk mendapatkan formula perhitungan LDL (LDL-Cal) yang lebih tepat dibandingkan formula yang telah umum digunakan yaitu formula Friedewald. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara kolesterol LDL hasil perhitungan sejumlah formula dengan kolesterol LDL direk sehingga diperoleh formula perhitungan terbaik untuk dapat diterapkan di laboratorium RSUD Lubuk Sikaping. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 75 orang pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan profil lipid lengkap ke Laboratorium RSUD Lubuk Sikaping. yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pemeriksaan kolesterol total, HDL, LDL dan trigliserida dilakukan dengan metode enzimatik pada alat kimia klinik otomatis. Untuk kolesterol LDL juga dihitung dengan beberapa rumus yaitu formula Friedelwald (TC-(TG/5)-HDL). formula Chen (90%nonHDLC-10%TG), formula Anandaraja (0.9 TC- (0.9 TG/5)-28), formula Puavilai (TC-HDLC-TG/6), formula Vujovic (TC-HDLC-TG/3), dan formula Cordova (3/4 (TC-HDLC). Bland & Altman plot digunakan untuk membandingkan antara kadar kolesterol LDL hasil hitung masing-masing formula dengan LDL direk. Rerata kadar LDL (mg/dl) berturut-turut adalah 136,41 (35,92); 116,64 (32,72); 117,03 (30,83); 121,95 (32,79); 121,83 (33,23); 96,84 (32,47); 109,97 (28,24) untuk LDL-Direk, Friedelwald, Chen, Anandaraja, Puavilai, Vujovic, dan Cordova. Berdasarkan Bland & Altman Plot, perhitungan kolesterol LDL Formula Chen memiliki kesesuaian paling baik dengan LDL-Direk dengan selisih rerata 19,3867 ± 19,0489 mg/dl pada kadar trigliserida < 400 mg/dl, sehingga dapat diterapkan di RSUD Lubuk Sikaping dengan fasilitas yang terbatas.

scholarly journals Lipid profile in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Mithileshwer Raut ◽  
Prashant Regmi ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Bharat Jha
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) has become a global public health challenge because of its high prevalence and the concomitant increase in risk of liver disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Influence of alcohol use on lipid metabolism is well recognized. Investigations had been carried out in the earlier period on abnormal lipid profile as a risk factor for Coronary Heart disease (CHD). Patients of alcohol dependence usually have a consumption pattern of more heavy use. Therefore it is useful to study the lipid profile in patients of alcohol dependence, to understand the effects of increasing levels of consumption. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in TU Teaching Hospital. ADS patients were screened by the consultant psychiatrist using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. A total of 89 patients scored positive on the AUDIT as having alcohol-related problems and were included in the study. 89 ADS patients and 89 healthy controls both male and female were enrolled as participants. Blood Pressure and other anthropometric parameters were measured while fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum lipid profile. SPSS program was used to analyze data, t-test & Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to find correlation. RESULTS: Among the ADS cases 95% were current smokers. Mean age of cases and controls was 35.42±5.6 & 34.53±3.5 years respectively. The mean total cholesterol levels were found to be higher in cases (5.41±0.70) than controls (3.79±0.74) with a strong statistical significance (p<0.001). Also, Mean triglyceride (TG) levels (2.09±0.72), along with the mean HDL-cholesterol (1.66±0.40) and LDL-cholesterol levels (2.79±0.81) were also elevated in cases when compared to the control samples (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated definitive lipid profile changes in patients of alcohol dependence, with some correlation to the liver dysfunction. Alcohol causes alteration in various parameters of lipid metabolism including those which predispose to CHD. Low to moderate alcohol use over prolonged periods has been linked to have protective influence for development of coronary heart disease (CHD), through increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v1i1.12312 Ann. Clin. Chem. & Lab. Med. 1(1) 2015: 29-32

scholarly journals The usual dosage regimen of statins and adherence to target LDL-cholesterol levels by Czech patients in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Cor et Vasa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Mayer ◽  
Jaroslav Šimon ◽  
Jan Bruthans ◽  
Markéta Galovcová ◽  
Jana Hrbková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Usual Dosage

scholarly journals The Description of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels on Smoker and Non Smoker Adolescent in Buyan Hamlet, Pancasari Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Ni Made Restina Juliani ◽  
I Putu Oka Dharmawan ◽  
Putu Ayu Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Introduction: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is a type of low-density lipoprotein and the most widely transported cholesterol in the body. Increased levels of LDL in the body can be affected by genetics, age, gender, obesity, physical activity, lifestyle, drug consumption and smoking. Substances in a cigarette can cause an increase of LDL levels. Increased of LDL cholesterol levels can cause Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The purpose of this research is to know the description of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels on smoker and non-smoker adolescent in Buyan Hamlet, Pancasari Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Bali. Method: The type of this research is descriptive. This research was conducted in April-May 2017, which used fasting blood samples of 42 respondents. Result: From the average result of LDL level in smoker adolescent that is 134,91 mg/dL higher than the average of LDL level in non-smoker adolescent that is 74,90 mg/dL. The result of LDL cholesterol levels was determined by 21 smoker adolescent respondents with the close to optimal category (100-129 mg/dL) as many as 9 people (42,8%), and 12 people (57,3%) with worry category (130-159 mg/dL). Whereas in 21 non-smoker adolescent respondents obtained  result of LDL cholesterol level test with optimal category (<100 mg/dL) counted 18 people (87,71%) and 3 person (14,30%) with close to optimal category (100-129 mg/dL). Discussion: Based on the results of this research can be concluded that in smoker adolescent obtained LDL levels with close to optimal category and worrying whereas in non-smoker adolescents obtained LDL levels in the optimal category and close to optimal.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Lipid-Lowering Therapy During Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wittlinger ◽  
Bernhard Schwaab ◽  
Heinz Voeller ◽  
Christa Bongarth ◽  
Viktoria Heinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) aims to increase adherence to a healthy lifestyle and to secondary preventive medication. CR is able to improve quality of life and prognosis in CHD patients. This is particularly relevant for CHD patients with diabetes mellitus.DesignA prospective, multicenter registry study with patients from six rehabilitation centers in Germany.MethodsDuring CR, 1100 patients with a minimum age of 18 years and CHD documented by coronary angiography were included in a LLT registry.ResultsIn 369 patients (33.9 %), diabetes mellitus was diagnosed. Diabetic patients were older (65.5 ± 9.0 vs. 62.2 ± 10.9 years, p < 0.001) than nondiabetic patients and more likely to be obese (BMI: 30.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2 vs. 27.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Analysis indicated that diabetic patients were more likely to show LDL cholesterol levels below 55 mg/dL than patients without diabetes at the start of CR (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.9; 95 % CI 1.3 to 2.9) until 3 months of follow-up (OR 1.9; 95 % CI 1.2 to 2.9). During 12 months of follow-up, overall and LDL cholesterol levels decreased within the first 3 months and remained at the lower level thereafter (p < 0.001), irrespective of prevalent diabetes. At the end of the follow-up, LDL cholesterol did not differ significantly between patients with or without diabetes mellitus (p = 0.413).ConclusionWithin 3 months after CR, total and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced, irrespective of prevalent diabetes mellitus. In addition, CHD patients with diabetes responded faster to LTT than nondiabetic patients, suggesting that diabetic patients benefit more from LLT treatment during CR.

scholarly journals Small Dense LDL Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Ai ◽  
Seiko Otokozawa ◽  
Bela F Asztalos ◽  
Yasuki Ito ◽  
Katsuyuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Status ◽  
Established Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Objective: We sought to establish reference values for a new direct assay for small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and to measure sdLDL-C concentrations in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) vs controls. Methods: Direct LDL-C and sdLDL-C were measured in samples from 3188 male and female participants of the Framingham Offspring Study, including 173 men and 74 women with CHD. Results: Postmenopausal status and male sex were associated with higher sdLDL-C concentrations (P &lt; 0.0001). Cholesterol-lowering medication use was more frequent (P &lt; 0.0001) in CHD patients than in controls (46.8% vs 11.4% in men; 35.1% vs 8.8% in women). In men, mean LDL-C was lower in CHD than in controls (3.22 vs 3.51 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.0001), whereas mean sdLDL-C concentrations were similar (0.83 vs 0.84 mmol/L, P = 0.609). In women, mean LDL-C was similar in CHD and controls (3.53 vs 3.46 mmol/L, P = 0.543), but mean sdLDL-C was higher (0.83 vs 0.68 mmol/L, P = 0.0015). The mean percentage of LDL-C as sdLDL-C was higher in both men and women with CHD than controls (P &lt; 0.01). Increased LDL-C and sdLDL-C were found in 10.4% and 22.0% of men and in 24.3% and 27.8% of women with CHD, respectively. Conclusions: Despite 4-fold greater cholesterol-lowering therapy use, CHD patients had mean LDL-C concentrations above the LDL-C goal of &lt;2.6 mmol/L (&lt;100 mg/dL). Although women with CHD had higher sdLDL-C concentrations than controls, this difference was not seen in men. These findings may explain some of the high residual risk of future CHD events in CHD patients.

scholarly journals The changes in achievement of target LDL-cholesterol levels between 2006 and 2017 in Czech patients with chronic coronary heart disease

Cor et Vasa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Pavla Vorlíčková ◽  
Otto Mayer ◽  
Jan Bruthans ◽  
Jitka Seidlerová ◽  
Julius Gelžinský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Chronic Coronary Heart Disease

scholarly journals Determinants of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence among Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims Hospitalized in Saudi Arabia in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 798-804
Author(s):  
Juniarty Naim ◽  
Wahiduddin Wahiduddin ◽  
Masni Masni ◽  
Ridwan Amiruddin ◽  
Irwandy Irwandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Sugar Levels

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main causes of death worldwide, including in the hajj pilgrims. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common CVDs in Indonesian hajj pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia. AIM: This study aimed to determine the determinants of the CHD incidence among Indonesian hajj pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia in 2019. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a case–control design. The study was conducted in Makassar using data from the integrated Hajj computerized system in the health sector (siskohatkes) Hajj Health Center (Puskeshaji) in January–June 2021. Cases were pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia with a diagnosis of CHD, about 186 people, and controls were pilgrims hospitalized with diagnoses other than CVDs. Selection of controls by matching age and sex with a ratio of 1:1. The determinants analyzed included education, high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, excess body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Data analysis was using the STATA program with an odds ratio (OR) test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The most respondents were 65 years (48.39%), female respondents, about 61.83%. Most respondents’ education was in elementary school, about 31.99%. Multivariate analysis showed that high blood pressure (OR = 2.32, 95% confidence index [CI] = 1.50–3.57), high blood sugar levels (RO = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.06–3.40), high LDL cholesterol levels (RO = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.15–2.88), and excess BMI (RO = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.07–2.68) were risk factors for the CHD incidence. However, education and smoking were not risk factors for CHD. CONCLUSION: By multiple logistic regression analyzes, the study revealed that the probability of CHD when having those four risk factors was 85.69%.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TEKANAN DARAH DENGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL(Low Density Lipoprotein) PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONERDI RSUP.Dr.M.DJAMIL PADANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
ERAWATI ERAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
A Value ◽  
Moderate Relationship

Coronary heart disease is a disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries of the heart. This happens because of its high cholesterol levels can cause atherosclerosis in blood vessels Hypercholesterolemia mainly occurs when increased production of LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). As a result of the narrowing of blood vessels blood flow to the heart will be disrupted, causing symptoms of chest pain that is a typical symptom of coronary heart disease. Chronic atherosclerosis can cause blood flow to the heart to be disturbed, so that the left ventricle must pump stronger to produce enough force to push blood through the atherosclerotic vascular system that can lead to increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure resulting in hypertension. This study included descriptive analytic research using cross sectional approach, is dependent variable (incidence of coronary heart disease) and indenpendent variable (blood pressure and LDL cholesterol level) collected at the same time. The study was conducted on September 10, 2016 - April 4, 2017 at the Central Laboratory and Heart Ward RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, that is the technique of determining the sample with certain consideration. Of 36 samples of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) showed a correlation between systolic blood pressure with LDL cholesterol level has a value of 0.585> 0.05 which states there is a moderate relationship between the two variables, and has significant significance of 0.00 <0, 05 and Ha are received. The correlation between diastolic blood pressure and LDL levels has a value of 0,507> 0,05 which states there is a moderate relationship between the two variables, and has significant value of 0.02 significance <0.05 and Ha is accepted. Based on these results then there is a significant relationship between blood pressure with LDL cholesterol levels in the blood.

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