scholarly journals ANALISIS ULANG STABILITAS TANAH DENGAN COMPACTED LATERITIC SOIL COLUMNS PADA COLLAPSIBLE SOIL MENGGUNAKAN RUMUS ELASTIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Antonius Kristanto Kusuma ◽  
Gregorius Sandjaja
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTIndonesia is a tropical country that has very high rainfall rate in the whole year. This is very difficult to overcome with land problems that exist in Indonesia. The condition of the land which has a very not  stable soil or we can say that it has collapsible status. Land that has collapse problems is prone to landslides, which involves very low soil carrying capacity and also very high water content in the soil. Many methods can be used to reduce collapsible soi lrate. In this re-analysis we calculate the problem of soil using the lateritic compacted soil columns. This process uses the formation of soil columns by compressing a number of points with a certain diameter so that the carrying capacity of the soil in order to repair and improve minimum occurrence of collapsible soil. But this method has advantages and disadvantages. From the results of the re-analysis conducted it was proven that the stability method using Compacted Lateritic Soil Colums reduced the possibility of soil experiencing collapsible soil. The analysis shows that the value of the edge of displacement or the total decreases due to the stability used using Compacted Lateritic Soil Colums. ABSTRAK  Indonesia adalah negara tropis yang memiliki curah hujan yang sangat tinggi. Hal tersebut sangat berpengaruh dengan keadaan stabilitas tanah yang berada di Indonesia. Keadaan  tanah yang memiliki stabilitas yang sangat tidak stabil dapat juga di sebut tanah dengan keadaan status collapsible . Tanah yang memiliki keadaan collapsible  memiliki  rentan mengalami longsor ., di akibatkan daya dukung tanah yang sangat rendah dan juga kadar air yang sangat tinggi di dalam kandungan tanah. Banyak metode stabilitas yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya collapsible soil. Pada analisis ulang perhitunga ini membahas stabilitas tanah menggunakanan Compacted Lateritic Soil Colums.Proses stabilitas ini menggunakan cara pebentukan kolom tanah dengan memadatkan bebarapa titik dengan diameter tertentu agar daya dukung tanah mengalami peningkatan dan mencegah terjadinya collapsible soil. Tetapi metode ini memiliki kelebihan dan juga kekurangan. Dari hasil analisi ulang yang dilakukan terbukti bahwa metode stabilitas menggunakan Compacted Lateritic Soil Colums mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya tanah mengalami Collapsible soil. Dalam Analisis terlihat nilai edge of displacement atau total penurunan yang terjadi berkurang diakibatkan stabilitas yang di gunakan menggunakan Compacted Lateritic Soil Colums.  

scholarly journals Karakteristik Hydrocyclone untuk Pemisahan Minyak dan Air

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Dian Ratna Suminar ◽  
Nurcahyo Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Optimum Flow Rate ◽  
Cylindrical Section ◽  
Overflow Pipe ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Very High ◽  
Optimum Flow

Eksplorasi minyak bumi dari sumur-sumur yang sudah tua menghasilkan minyak dengan kandungan air tinggi. Hydrocyclone suatu alat yang berfungsi untuk pemisahan cair-cair berdasarkan perbedaan berat jenis setiap komponen. Pemisahan ini terjadi dikarenanakan adanya gaya sentrifugal dan gaya gravitasi yang dihasilkan dari bentuk hydrocyclone yang seperti kerucut. Perancangan dan pembuatan hydrocyclone menghasilkan alat dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut : diameter pipa masukan : 25,4 mm, diameter cylindrical section : 120 mm, tinggi cylindrical section : 120 mm, tinggi cone section : 600 mm, diameter pipa overflow : 25,4 mm, diameter pipa underflow : 25,4 mm. Laju alir optimum untuk pemisahan air-minyak tanah pada hydrocyclone adalah 91,8 liter/menit dengan kadar minyak tanah di overflow sebesar 11,4% dan kadar minyak tanah di underflow sebesar 3%.Petroleum exploration from old wells produces oil with a very high water content. Hydrocyclone is a device that functions for liquid-liquid separation based on differences in specific gravity of each component. This separation occurs due to the presence of centrifugal forces and gravitational forces resulting from cone-like forms of hydrocyclone. The design and manufacture of hydrocyclone produces tools with the following specifications: input pipe diameter: 25.4 mm, cylindrical section diameter: 120 mm, high cylindrical section: 120 mm, cone section height: 600 mm, overflow pipe diameter: 25.4 mm, underflow pipe diameter: 25.4 mm. The optimum flow rate for the separation of water-kerosene on hydrocyclone is 91.8 liters / minute with the level of kerosene in overflow of 11.4% and the level of kerosene in underflow of 3%.

Tough, Stimuli-Responsive, and Biocompatible Hydrogels with Very High Water Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (23) ◽  
pp. 1800474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqi Liu ◽  
Shuai Lu ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Chen Jiao ◽  
Jianan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Stability of cactus-pear powder during storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Plúvia O. Galdino ◽  
Rossana M. F. de Figueirêdo ◽  
Alexandre J. de M. Queiroz ◽  
Pablícia O. Galdino ◽  
Tâmila K. da S. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT The stability of cactus-pear powder, obtained by the process of spray drying for 40 days, was evaluated under controlled conditions of relative air humidity (83%) and temperature (25 and 40 °C). The whole pulp was characterized with regard to its physico-chemical parameters: pH, total titratable acidity, soluble solids, water content, total solids, ashes, reducing sugars, total sugars, non-reducing sugars, luminosity, redness, yellowness and water activity. The stored samples in powder were evaluated every 10 days for water content, water activity, total titratable acidity and color (luminosity, redness and yellowness). The whole pulp was slightly acidic and perishable, due to the high water content. During storage, the packages did not prevent water absorption, thus increasing water content and, consequently, water activity. Yellowness oscillated along the storage time, but the predominance of the yellow color was not affected.

scholarly journals Farmer Group of Cabe Bakul (Lada Katokkon) in Rantepao District, North Toraja Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. Sry Iryani ◽  
Agustina Deka Minggu Bali
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Chili Powder ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Very High

Chili is one of the most important foods for traditional Indonesian food. One of the chilies that have a very high Scoville rating from Toraja Utara and Tana Toraja is Cabe Bakul or Lada Katokkon. This chili is different from other peppers ranging from the shape that resembles a pabrika but the size is small, it is sweet taste turned hot and good smelled. . The disadvantage of this chili is the condition of chilies that have a very high water content so it is easy to rot and wrestle so that the price quickly goes down and sometimes thrown away. To avoid the problem, the team proposes to process chili into a product but does not change the taste, color, and smell. This activity helps the chili farmers to process their crops into processed products that have higher economic value. There are two types of products produced are Chili powder (Bon Cabe) and sauce. Chili sauce is made there are four variants of flavors are: original, onion, terasi, and fish. Through this training, the farmer group partners can cultivate the harvest and its products can compete in the Toraja market and outside Toraja. Abstrak Cabe merupakan salah satu makanan terpenting untuk makanan tradisional Indonesia. Salah satu cabai yang memiliki rating Scoville sangat tinggi dari Toraja Utara dan Tana Toraja adalah Cabe Bakul atau Cabe Katokkon. Cabe ini berbeda dengan cabe lainnya mulai dari bentuknya yang menyerupai pabrika namun ukurannya kecil, rasanya manis berubah menjadi panas dan harum. Kekurangan dari cabe ini adalah kondisi buah cabe yang memiliki kandungan air yang sangat tinggi sehingga mudah membusuk dan bergelut sehingga harganya cepat turun dan kadang dibuang begitu saja. Untuk menghindari masalah tersebut, tim mengusulkan untuk mengolah cabe menjadi sebuah produk namun tidak merubah rasa, warna dan baunya. Kegiatan ini membantu petani cabe mengolah hasil panennya menjadi produk olahan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi. Ada dua jenis produk yang dihasilkan yaitu bubuk cabe (Bon Cabe) dan saos. Kuah sambal yang dibuat ada empat varian rasa yaitu: original, bawang, terasi dan ikan. Melalui pelatihan ini para mitra kelompok tani dapat membudidayakan hasil panen dan produknya dapat bersaing di pasar Toraja dan luar Toraja.

STUDIES IN TREE PHYSIOLOGY: I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION. WATER CONTENTS OF CERTAIN CANADIAN TREES

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (12) ◽  
pp. 460-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Darnley Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
White Pine ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Considerable Loss ◽  
Water Contents

Previous work by the author on the water contents of Canadian trees is reviewed and followed by a brief discussion of questions yet to be answered.In Betula alba v. papyrifera, in at least the young parts of B. alba v. pendula laciniata, in B. populifolia, and in several sizes of Populus tremuloides, there is a marked seasonal rhythm in water content. The maximum is at leaf opening, the minimum at leaf fall. In poplar but not in birch there is a very high water content in December. During winter a considerable loss of water may occur. A winter loss is shown also by the wood of hemlock and larch and by twigs and leaves of white pine and hemlock. Losses from leaves are surprisingly small.The behaviour of B. populifolia has been studied for more than three years, and differences have been correlated with observations on weather conditions. Experimental work on movement of water in this species during winter is inconclusive. This work continues.

A Discussion of the Stability of Foundation Pit or Slope with Soft Interlayer or with Back Berm

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Hai Ying Hu ◽  
Xiao Wen Zhou ◽  
Zhi Xing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Soft Interlayer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Slice Method

The soft soil in Pearl River Delta regions is characterized with high water content, high compressibility and low bearing capacity. Therefore, when building the structures on such foundation, it’s necessary to pay attention to the deformation and stability. The projects' practice shows that, when analyzing the stability on foundation pit or slope with soft interlayer, it should not only calculate the overall stability of the slope, but also calculate the stability or bearing capacity of the foundation. Although sometimes the stability of the slope meets the requirements, it doesn’t means that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the requirements because of the existence soft interlayer, the limitations of the circle slice method and the difference between the sliding surface and the actual sliding surface.

The Dusty Creek landslide on Mount Cayley, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Clague ◽  
J. G. Souther
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Debris Dams ◽  
The Stability

A large (ca. 5 × 106 m3) landslide occurred on the west flank of Mount Cayley in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia in 1963. Failure commenced when a large block of poorly consolidated tuff breccia and columnar-jointed dacite was detached from the subvolcanic basement and slid into the valley of Dusty Creek, a small tributary of Turbid Creek. As the detached block accelerated, it quickly fragmented into an aggregate consisting of angular clasts up to several metres across, partially supported by a matrix of fine comminuted rock material. The landslide debris moved about 1 km down Dusty Creek as a wedge-shaped mass up to 70 m thick, banking up on turns and attaining a maximum velocity of 15–20 m/s. The debris mass thinned as it spread across the broader, flatter valley of Turbid Creek, and was deposited as an irregular blanket with a maximum thickness of 65 m along a 1 km length of this valley. As a result of the landslide, Turbid and Dusty Creeks were blocked, and lakes formed behind the debris. These debris dams were soon overtopped and rapidly breached, causing floods and probably debris flows to sweep down Turbid Creek valley far beyond the terminus of the landslide.From an analysis of the annual rings of slide-damaged trees, it is concluded that the landslide probably occurred in July 1963. Although the largest earthquake of 1963 and a moderately intense rainstorm also occurred during this month, there were much larger earthquakes and storms in this area on many previous occasions, and these did not cause large slope failures. Thus, it appears that the stability of the slope at the head of Dusty Creek gradually deteriorated over a long period of time until a relatively minor event, such as a small earthquake or storm, triggered the failure.The main contributing factors to this landslide are geologic and include the presence of: (1) hydrothermally altered faults and fractures in poorly lithified pyroclastic rocks and in jointed volcanic flows; (2) an outward-sloping unconformity separating the Quaternary volcanic sequence from older basement rocks; and (3) fractured glassy selvages surrounding small intrusions in the base of the volcanic pile.Deposits of one or more landslides that predate the 1963 event also occur in Turbid Creek valley. These older deposits are present over a much larger area than the 1963 slide deposits and probably were emplaced by highly mobile debris flows with high water content.

scholarly journals Field Treatment of Storage Sludge and Stability Analysis of Overlying Municipal Waste Landfilling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12102
Author(s):  
Kaixi An ◽  
Duanyang Zhuang ◽  
Weian Lin ◽  
Albert Argilaga ◽  
Yunmin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
The Stability

Storage sludge has high water content and low shear strength, which limits the capacity expansion of overlying municipal landfilling. Few studies have addressed the field treatment of large amounts of storage sludge due to the variability of the depth of geotechnical property. This paper proposes a stratified treatment method for storage sludge, based on the in situ characterization of layered sedimentary patterns of the storage sludge acquired from the Qizishan landfill in China. Additionally, the stability of the landfilling above the sludge pond is analyzed using the Morgenstern–Price and limit equilibrium slice method, which considers the layered strength properties of solidified sludge. The treated sludge has a significant decrease in average water content from 1398% to 88% and an increase in average cohesion to 23.52 kPa. The high content of clay particles, low amount of solidification products, and high water content together result in the high sensitivity to the water content of the strength of deep solidified sludge. For a 40-m high waste body, stability analysis suggests a sliding surface across the raw sludge pond, while the critical surface remains outside the treated sludge pond and the safety factor is increased from 0.934 to 1.464. The validated stratified treatment provides valuable references for the treatment of deep sludge.

scholarly journals Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Giovana Colucci ◽  
Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart ◽  
Samara C. Silva ◽  
Isabel P. M. Fernandes ◽  
Caroline C. Sipoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tween 80 ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions have high potential for several industrial areas as delivery systems of hydrophilic compounds. In general, they are less studied than oil-in-water (O/W) systems, namely in what concerns the so-called fluid systems, partly due to problems of instability. In this context, this work aimed to produce stable W/O emulsions from a natural oil, sweet almond oil, to be further tested as vehicles of natural hydrophilic extracts, here exemplified with an aqueous cinnamon extract. Firstly, a base W/O emulsion using a high-water content (40/60, v/v) was developed by testing different mixtures of emulsifiers, namely Tween 80 combined with Span 80 or Span 85 at different contents. Among the tested systems, the one using a 54/46 (v/v) Span 80/Tween 80 mixture, and subjected to 12 high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) cycles, revealed to be stable up to 6 months, being chosen for the subsequent functionalization tests with cinnamon extract (1.25–5%; w/v; water-basis). The presence of cinnamon extract leaded to changes in the microstructure as well as in the stability. The antimicrobial and antioxidant analysis were evidenced, and a sustained behavior compatible with an extract distribution within the two phases, oil and water, in particular for the higher extract concentration, was observed.

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