scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGERING CABAI SISTEM TUBULAR HEATER DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN ENERGI SURYA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Rio Irfansah ◽  
Asnawi Lubis ◽  
Anang Ansyori ◽  
Tumpal Ojahan R

Today, the curing process off chili still generally applies natural drying or directly drying in the sun. This would obviously depend on weather conditions and could only be done in the morning until daylight. Therefore, it would require an ingenious dryer to be an alternative when natural dryer cannot be done.in the research, it designed a chili dryer with heat sources of heater from tubular heater. where the electric energy source of the tubular heater element heat is generater from the conversion of energy to a device called solar cells and stored into batteries. The method used was literature studies in which collections where conducted and analyzed a sense of relevant literature with thesis. Then design accordingly and tool making and direct research. This design was a beam made of plywood as the dryer room and inside was try and furnished with a digital thermostat as an automatic temperature regulator while disconnecting an connecting the flow of electric current to the tubular heater.the test wa divided into five different kinds by three test without load and two tests with a load chili. The test without load includes testing the maximum temperatur, the ability of the battery without charging and with a solar cell charger using temperature limit of 100 chelcious degrees, then the testing with a load  1 kg of chili and 6 kg of chili. The test result of this device can evaporate the highest water content of chili by an average of 78,2% for 1 kg of chili, and in the 6 kg of chili the waterr content can be reduced by 41,7% of whith a testing time 8 hoursDewasa ini, proses pengeringan cabai umumnya masih menerapkan pengeringan alami atau menjemur langsung di bawah sinar matahari. Tentunya cara ini sangat bergantung dengan kondisi cuaca dan hanya bisa dilakukan pada pagi hingga siang hari. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu alat pengering yang mampu menjadi alat alternatif apabila pengeringan alami tidak dapat dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah alat pengering cabai dengan sumber panas dari elemen pemanas listrik tubular heater. Dimana sumber energi listrik elemen pemanas tubular heater dihasilkan dari konversi energi sebuah alat yang bernama sel surya dan disimpan ke dalam baterai. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dimana dilakukan pengumpulkan data dan menganalisa suatu pengertian dari literatur-literatur yang relevan dengan skripsi. Kemudian membuat desain yang sesuai dan membuat alat serta melakukan penelitian secara langsung. Alat ini berbentuk balok terbuat dari triplek sebagai ruang pengering dan di dalamnya terdapat tray dan dilengkapi thermostat digital sebagai pengatur suhu otomatis sekaligus memutuskan dan menyambungkan aliran arus listrik pada tubular heater. Pengujian dibagi menjadi 5 jenis pengujian dengan 3 pengujian tanpa beban dan 2 pengujian dengan beban cabai. Pengujian tanpa beban meliputi pengujian suhu maksimal, kemampuan baterai tanpa pengecasan dan dengan pengecasa sel surya menggunakan batas suhu 100ºC, kemudian pengujian dengan beban cabai 1 kg dan 6 kg. Hasil pengujian alat ini mampu menguapkan kadar air cabai tertinggi sebesar 78,2% pada pengujian 1 kg, dan pada pengujian 6 kg kadar air mampu dikurangi sebesar 41,7% selama 8 jam.

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Makino ◽  
R. S. Sayles

This paper describes an attempt to include surface roughness effects in the conventional pressure-velocity (PV) map for lubricated sliding surfaces. The criteria proposed involve two different boundaries: a plasticity limit and a temperature limit. The first criterion is given by a certain normal load to the system at which the plastically deformed asperities start interacting with each other. The second is given by an operating condition at which the surface temperature reaches a prescribed value. The effect of fluid film formation is considered in calculating effective normal load for these two criteria. By employing an exponential roughness height distribution and a long bearing approximation in fluid film pressure prediction, the diagram can easily be modified or reproduced for the system having different surfaces and materials. The diagram was adopted to evaluate a steel/steel end-face friction test result. Reasonable agreement was found.


2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
R. N. Oliveira ◽  
R. V. M. Reis ◽  
R. N. N. Koury ◽  
L. Machado

The increasing demand of electric energy in Brazil, allied to the great consumption in rush hour, has stimulated the study of water heating systems that substitute the electric shower. One of these equipments, the solar collector, is the most viable, with the best cost-benefits relation, because Brazil is a tropical country. A heat pump can be used as a support to solar collectors in places where the climatic conditions and/or the lack of available area of solar collection limit the use of the system. One way to improve this heat pump would be the substitution of its conventional evaporator for a static evaporator. This evaporator is constituted of a metallic plate with conformed canals, inside of which the coil is fixed through which the refrigerator cooling of the heat pump flows. The objective of this paper is the development of a mathematical model in transient regimen to simulate the static evaporator operation of an air-water heat pump. Some simulations had been carried through, that had allowed testing geometric parameters of the system, materials for the pipes and plates and different weather conditions. These computational tests had indicated that the model represents a good tool to project static evaporators.


2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bianchini ◽  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Giampaolo Manfrida ◽  
Marco Zini

The energy demand in healthcare and hospital premises has distinctive features. Due to specific constraints in terms of service continuity and indoor air quality, the demand is at a large extent constant during the day and throughout the year. Indeed, a healthcare facility must fulfil several different activities. Medical equipment needs electric energy, while the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems require thermal energy. It is extremely difficult to define reference characteristics for the energy demand, since the proportions of the different consumptions are strongly connected with the specific activities/services carried out within each structure. The present work aims at analysing the energy demand of a healthcare facility located near Firenze (Italy). The energy demand has been analysed by means of the available documentation to get a basic knowledge of the expected consumption of each component of the facility. These data have been then correlated with information on the actual healthcare activity parameters (e.g. staff in service, medical services) and on weather conditions. As a result, the study led to the definition of the principal energy drivers that characterize the Healthcare Facility. The analysis procedure is thought of general interest for the community working in the field, representing a benchmark for the calibration of energy digital twins and a reference data set useful to carry out building energy efficiency optimization strategies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4683
Author(s):  
Bong-Ju Kim ◽  
Seon-Bong Lee

Traffic accidents continue to increase in Korea as traffic increases, and the resulting loss of life is also on the rise. According to data surveyed by the South Korean National Police Agency, 45,921 pedestrian traffic accidents were reported in 2019, resulting in 1487 deaths and 46,400 injuries. Due to the increased interest in traffic accident safety, the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) concept is rapidly developing and playing a significant role in coping with activities that are not recognized by the driver. Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), a representative ADAS system, is a system that is useful for preventing and mitigating accidents by braking vehicles in emergencies. For the study of AEBs’ safety evaluation methods for pedestrians, a distance measurement method using a monocular camera with excellent accessibility, and measurement equipment required to validate data on the movement of vehicles, and a dummy to replace pedestrians are used. Based on the evaluation scenario considering the proposed Korea road environment, the relative distance obtained from equipment like DGPS and the relative distance using a monocular camera is compared and analyzed to verify safety. Comparative analysis shows that the minimum deviation is 2.3 cm, the third test result of 30 km/h of Car-to-Pedestrian Nearside Child (CPNC), and the maximum deviation is 25 cm, the first test result of 25 km/h of Car-to-Pedestrian Nearside Adult (CPNA). The main factor in error generation is that the lane recognition in the camera image is not accurate, and the perception of small children is slow, which is why emergency braking is considered to have been slow. It is deemed that a safety assessment in weather conditions of adverse conditions will be required in the future.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Temer ◽  
Deiveindran Subramaniam

Abstract Well test is one of the crucial steps required to forecast production investments of their fields. However, the operators face many challenges such as reduced capex, exploration budgets, and bad weather conditions that limit the well testing time window. To overcome these challenges, an automated well testing platform enabled a real time monitoring and controlling more zones in a single run for appraisal wells in the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia. This article highlights the test objectives, the job planning, and automated execution of wirelessly enabled operations in very hostile conditions and limited time period. The use of a telemetry system to well test seven zones allowed real-time data acquisition, control of critical downhole equipment, data transmission to the operator's office in town. Various operational cases will be discussed to demonstrate how automated data acquisition and downhole operations control has optimized operations for both the service company and the operator.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Temer ◽  
Deiveindran Subramaniam ◽  
Yermek Kaipov ◽  
Carlos Merino ◽  
Vladimirovich Latvin ◽  
...  

Abstract Dynamic reservoir data are a key driver for operators to meet the forecasted production investments of their fields. However, many challenges during well testing, such as reduced exploration and capex budgets, complex geologic structures, and inclement weather conditions that reduce the well testing time window can prevent them from gathering critical reservoir characterization data needed to make more informed field development planning decisions. To overcome these challenges, a live, downhole reservoir testing platform enabled the most representative reservoir information in real time and connected more zones of interest in a single run for appraisal wells in the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia. This paper describes the test requirements, the prejob planning, and automated execution of wirelessly enabled operations that led to the successful completion of the well test campaign in very hostile conditions, a remote area, and restricted period. The use of a telemetry system to well testing in seven zones enabled real-time control of critical downhole equipment and acquired data at surface, which in turn was transmitted to the operator's office in town in real time. Various operation examples will be discussed to demonstrate how automated data acquisition and downhole operations control has been used to optimize operations by both the service company and the operator.


Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis García Esteban ◽  
Francisco García Fernández ◽  
Paloma de Palacios

Abstract The bonding quality test is one of the most important of all tests performed on plywood, because it determines the suitability of boards for use in the type of exposure they are intended for. Because this test involves aging pretreatment, results are not available in <24–97 h after manufacture, depending on the type of board, and therefore any error in the manufacturing process is not detected until 1–4 days later. To solve this time problem, an artificial neural network was developed as a predictive method to determine the suitability of board bonding through other properties that can be determined in less testing time: thickness, moisture content, density, bending strength, and modulus of elasticity. The network designed WAS a feedforward multilayer perceptron trained by supervised learning after normalization of the input data, and allowed the bonding test result to be predicted with 93% accuracy.


2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Shou Zheng ◽  
Li Xin Wang ◽  
Xi Wu Chen ◽  
Wen Dong Deng ◽  
Jia Hai Zhang ◽  
...  

A novel apparatus is introduced in this paper used to measure high voltage electric energy based on three-phase four-wire virtual-ground theory. The virtual-ground design, Faraday shielding technique and Warner DC (Direct Current) self-supply method are integrated in this apparatus based on new I/V, V/V techniques to realize high accuracy, reliability and wide-linear range measuring. The effectiveness of the apparatus has been proved by in-house calibration and on-site test . The test result shows that it can be used in high voltage grid on-site calibration . Its measurement uncertainty can be limited to 0.1% under the condition of PF=1.0~0.8, and can reach 0.15% as PF=0.5. In summary, the apparatus discussed in this paper can be applied as high voltage electric energy measurement instrument to meet the requirement of online metrological verification and calibration. Furthermore, it is very useful for building the system of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in smart grid.


2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
B.P. Mokhov ◽  

Scientific advances in biological sciences make it possible to significantly increase the energy efficiency of productive livestock. For life, as the highest form of existence of matter, thermal energy is of particular importance. It does not only connect the actions and interactions of all types of matter, it creates order from the chaotic movements of discrete heat sources, determining the measure of irreversible energy dissipation (entropy) and the change gradient of metabolic processes, “outflow and inflow of energy”, the state of saturation and deficiency of nutrients in the body. Metabolic energy is the energy of nutrients entering the tissues and cells of the body from the digestive tract. In the process of intracellular metabolism, substances are converted into new compounds, energy is released and accumulated. Approximately half of the energy is used in the electrochemical reactions of the synthesis of substances inherent in this organism. Heredity, age, environment, condition of animals influence their quantity and quality. The second half of the energy generated in the basic metabolism is “dissipated” and released into the internal and external environment. This part of the energy, in the thermoregulation process, provides isothermal state of the body of animals. Thermal homeostasis, the range of fluctuations in body temperature within the physiological norm is a significant part of the metabolic energy consumption. The article presents results of studying such consumptions when adapting to feeding factors and changes of weather conditions of cattle of different age and productivity.


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