The Physical Properties and Geochemical of Clay from the Bestari Jaya, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia for Potential Usage

The study emphasis on physical properties and geochemical of the clays from Bestari Jaya area to determine its suitability for any commercial application. Nine samples collected from six boreholes as representative of white and dark clay in the study area. All samples examined through the optical properties test and physical properties such as moisture, specific gravity, Atterberg limit and particle size distributions. The geochemical and mineralogical conducted using XRF and XRD analysis. The clays from Bestari Jaya considered of having variation in the brightness from medium to high brightness as shown by Delta L value (51.32-73.49%). The moisture content ranges between 34.50-81.03%. The plasticity index (PI) and plasticity limit (PL) values found in ranges of 18-32% with an average of 22.22%, and 32-46% with an average of 37.11% respectively. The plasticity limit and index reveals that the Bestari Jaya clays can be classify as kaolinite clays that are suitable for pottery and brick making. The specific gravity ranges between 2.49 – 2.70 with an average of 2.61. The average value is similar to the value of pure china clay (2.6). The SiO2 content in Bestari Jaya clays is between 37.49 – 69.96 wt% and Al2O3 is between 18.92 – 33.02 wt%. While the L.O.I values are between 8.71-16.04%. Kaolinite as the dominant mineral phases in all clay samples with composition ranges from 65-97.7% and an average of 73.12%. Apart of that, quartz in ranges of 5.3 – 20.6%, identified in almost all samples. Muscovite, hematite and magnetite occur as accessory minerals. Referring to standard and result obtained on representative sample, the Bestari Jaya clays potentially used in the production of smaller tiles for unexclusive pedestrian traffic. The presence of significance amount of heavy metals makes it unsuitable to use in the pharmaceutical or paper industry.

Pedogenesis of Mt. Sumbing Volcanic Ash above The Alteration Clay Layer in The Formation of Landslide Susceptible Soils in Bompon Sub-Watershed

Numerous researches on landslides have been carried out by many researches. However, studies on soil physical properties related to landslides potential in volcanic area are still rare. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil physical properties on landslides potential. To collect the soil sample, sampling area method was applied. The soil type used in this study was the residual soil. The values of clay liquid limit, plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index were used to measure the physical properties of the soil. Organic material was used as the supporting data. The results showed that the soil in the command area showed high value of clay which exceeded 50%. Such high level conditions in each profile affect the liquid limit; plasticity limit, plasticity index, water content, COLE index and organic material. Based on the results, it can be concluded that residual soils with significantly high clay values illustrated the risk of landslide fields formation in Bompon sub-watershed. The clay soil layer was the controlled factor of soil movement.

Soil Attributes Using Different Agricultural Use Systems in the Rio Grande do Norte Semiarid, Brazil

The semiarid region is extremely fragile to anthropogenic actions. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of soils with different agricultural uses. The research was carried out in the municipality of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado. Fertility and physical analyses were performed. The results were interpreted by multivariate analysis. The soils that presented a eutrophic character were influenced by lithology. In the Cambissolo (Haplustepts), there was an increase in the limits of liquidity and plasticity due to the increase of the clay fraction and total organic carbon. By the particle size analysis, the profiles presented variations in textural classes. We concluded that the physical attributes moisture, liquidity limit, plasticity limit, clay plasticity index, thin sand and the chemical attributes pH, (H + Al), V and PST were the most sensitive for the distinction of environments. The studied areas presented acidity reactions to alkalinity with presence of Al3+, (H + Al) and high salinity.

Engineering soil properties of Bhaktapur pottery

Pottery is one of the historic occupations of people of Bhaktapur. The tradition has been handed over to many successors, and the culture is still alive. Pottery in Bhaktapur municipality is concentrated in two parts namely; Suryamadi and Pottery-Square. The pottery work is adopted by ethnic group Prajapati, only they produce ceramic products in Bhaktapur municipality. Potters collect soil from specific location of Bhaktapur; Kamalbinayak, Nangakhel, Sipadol, and Tathali, which is suitable soil for ceramic manufacture. The soil samples from pottery site Suryamadi and Pottery-Square were collected. Grain size analysis, liquid limit and plasticity limit were tested. From the analysis, the soil sample from Pottery-Square was found to be finer than that from Suryamadi. Clay content and moisture holding capacity of the Suryamadi pottery work are greater than that of Pottery-Square pottery work. It shows that the Suryamadi pottery work had high tendency to get cracks and crumbled.

Study on the Stability Analysis Method of the Anchored Soil Slope Based on the Theory of Plasticity Limit

Based on the analysis theory of plasticity limit, a formula of virtual work and an energy equation are established for the stability analysis of anchored soil slope, in which the soil nails and anchors are regarded as the internal structure which consumes the external power in the soil slope engineering.In the meantime, based on the simplified method of circular slip, another formula which can consider many factors such as the self-weight of slope, earthquake force, pressure of pore water and the force of anchor, is established to analyse the whole stability of anchored soil slope. It has important values for perfecting the analysis method of soil slope.

Shakedown Analysis of a Composite Cylinder With a Cross-Hole

In this study, both the lower and upper bound shakedown limits of a closed-end composite cylinder with or without a cross-hole subject to constant internal pressure and a cyclic thermal gradient are calculated by the linear matching method. Convergence for the upper and lower bound shakedown limits of the composite cylinders is sought and shakedown limit interaction diagrams of the numerical applications identifying the regions of reverse plasticity limit and ratchet limit are presented. The effects of temperature-dependent yield stress, material discontinuities, composite cylinder thickness, and the existence of the cross-hole on the shakedown limits are discussed for different geometry parameters. Finally, a safety shakedown envelope is created by formulating the shakedown limit results of different composite materials and cylinder thickness ratios with different cross-hole sizes.

Hardness and modulus of CrNx coatings

ABSTRACTTwo series of CrNx coatings have been deposited in an industrial PVD set-up. It is shown that for an increased ion bombardment on the growing film the hardness (H) and Young's modulus (E) are independent on composition. For these hard coatings the elastic strain to failure or plasticity limit (H/E) is 0.11. The coating fails long before it is stretched to its plasticity limit. Deformation of the coating by 1% already leads to crack formation. It is argued that the cause of this failure is the low work of fracture of the coating combined with flaws in the coating.