scholarly journals MOTIVES OF THE LOCAL POLICE REGARDING PARTICIPATION IN THE HOLOCAUST IN THE GENERAL DISTRICT "DNIPROPETROVSK" (EVIDENCE FROM THE DISTRICTS OF KRYVYI RIH AND STALINDORF)

2021 ◽  
pp. 368-389
Author(s):  
Roman Shliakhtych
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
First Time

Summary. The purpose of the research is to study the motives that prompted local policemen in the Kryvyi Rih and Stalindorf districts to participate in Holocaust. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, system-formation, scientific character, verification, the author’s objectivity, moderated narrative constructivism, and the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specially-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, etc.) methods. Scientific novelty for the first time on the basis of video evidence from the Yahad-In Unum archive and other archives, we researched features of the motives for local policemen to participate in Holocaust in the Kryvyi Rih and Stalindorf districts. Concise conclusions - Video evidence from the Yahad-In Unum archive gave the opportunity to analyze the motives of local policemen and also the stages of the Holocaust in which they took part. There were several main motives: socio-economic motives, which were associated with the satisfaction of their material needs; ideological motives associated with the negative attitude of some policemen to the Soviet authority (they also saw the Jews as the representatives of Soviet power); envy (which bordered on anti-Semitism); the desire for power. These motives forced the local police to take part in the Holocaust. The direct executors, together with the Germans, were ordinary police officers. They were mainly engaged in the collection and guard of the Jews before the execution, the escorting of the Jews to the places of execution, guarding the places of mass murder, and sometimes directly committed murders of the Jews.

The Nazi Empire

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Physically Handicapped ◽  
Slavic Populations

This articles addresses genocide in the Nazi Empire. Genocide in the Nazi Empire issued from a confluence of traditions: anti-Semitism, racism, imperialism, and eugenics. None of these was unique to Germany, but they came together in a lethal combination in Germany under Nazi rule to provide the ideological underpinnings for three clusters of genocidal projects. The first was the ‘purification’ of the German race through the mass murder of the mentally and physically handicapped within the Third Reich and the expulsion and mass murder of ‘Gypsies’ from the Third Reich. The second was a demographic revolution or ethnic restructuring within the lands deemed to be Germany's future Lebensraum through the decimation, denationalization, and expulsion of the predominately Slavic populations living there. The third was the systematic and total mass murder of every Jew — the Holocaust.

scholarly journals Role of piano training in a future military conductor’s professional development

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Ruslana Vavryk
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Piano Works ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Musical Thinking ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to reveal some aspects of the importance of the role of piano training in a future military conductor’s professional development while studying piano works. The research methodology consists of a comparative approach, as well as, empirical and general scientific (analysis, synthesis) methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time, this paper shows the organic relationship between piano training and a future military conductor’s professional development. The poly-functional capabilities of the piano instrument and their influence on the formation of the musical-performing experience of the future conductor are revealed. Conclusions. In the context of a military conductor’s professional development, the author considers the essence and significance of a military conductor’s piano training as an integral part of improving various aspects of performing skills. The specificity and expediency of the didactic repertoire is substantiated, taking into account the functional capabilities of the piano instrument for the development of a future conductor’s musical performance experience, the formation and use of sound extraction techniques, the mastery of the expressive capabilities of the instrument using the entire set of methods and means necessary for the implementation of figurative and artistic intentions and the musical thinking upbringing.

The Three Horseman of the Holocaust: Anti-Semitism, East European Empire, Aryan Folk Community

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
East European ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish

This article traces the three main issues which dominated Hitler's regime in Germany during the Holocaust. Two interpretive traditions have, since Hitler's day, commanded scholarly efforts to understand the Holocaust. One emphasizes ideas, recounting the intellectual history of anti-Semitism and the aims and political actions of those gripped by its poisoned talons. Paired with this approach is the conviction that history is made by human beings' conscious choice: beliefs inspire purposive behaviour seeking their realization. Historical actors are aware of their actions and responsible for them. In Holocaust historiography, this widespread understanding of history and human behaviour has yielded the ‘intentionalist’ argument. This holds that anti-Semitic ideology of a uniquely aggressive type flourished in late nineteenth-and early twentieth-century Germany; and the anti-Jewish policies (Judenpolitik) of Hitler's ‘Third Reich’ led, if perhaps by a ‘twisted path’, to a mass murder which the Nazis' anti-Semitic ideas, and the dictator Hitler's in particular, authorized and even commanded.

scholarly journals The artistic dimensions of Semuel Franklin Cody’s show activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Olena Khlystun
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Show Business ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main milestones of life, stages of cultural and artistic activities and reveal the personality of Samuel Franklin Cody - a representative of show business and professional art showman of the late nineteenth - early twentieth century. Methodology. A number of scientific search methods have been used. The biographical method became optimal for revealing the main stages of the showman's life. The study is also based on methodological tools integrated with culturology, history, art history. General scientific methods are used - analysis, synthesis, and principles of scientific analysis - reliability, impartiality, etc. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian science, in particular art history, an attempt was made to analyze the life, artistic activity, and significance of showman Samuel Franklin Cody. Conclusions. Samuel Francis Cody is the most famous showman, creator of the show "Wild West" and author of large kites Cody War-Kites, which could lift people. In S.-F. Cody, no doubt, was an innate talent of the showman, which was supported by certain traits - courage, openness to the new, impartiality, activity, generosity, adventurism, etc. The first role is played by the brightness of the image, the diversity of talents, the desire to create, entertain the audience, and be in the center of its attention. Without exaggeration, as a pioneer in today's popular show business S.-F. Cody can be considered the most talented person of his time, who saw far ahead and played a significant role in the formation of world show business, the profession of the showman, and the whole socio-cultural reality.

scholarly journals Traditional Demonology of Khmilnyk District

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Halaichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive description of demonological ideas and beliefs of the inhabitants of Khmilnyk district of Vinnytsia region, made on the basis of their own records from this part of the historical and ethnographic Volyn. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-typological) methods with the principles of historicism, systematization, scientificity and verification. When recording demonological materials, the main thing was to use the method of field ethnography. The works of famous Ukrainian ethnographers devoted to demonological ideas and beliefs of specific localities were used as role models. The scientific novelty of the work in the first situation was due to the publication of a large array of field ethnographic materials, which the author collected in 2014 in the villages of Voronivtsi, Zozulyntsi, Morozivka, Pagurtsi, Petrykivka, Pustovity, Rybchyntsi, Filiopol and town Khmilnyk. Most of them are published for the first time. In addition, the demonological tradition of Khmilnyk district has not yet been the subject of such accumulated attention. With the exception of some publications, the authors of which are the participants of the mentioned expedition in 2014 R. Siletsky, M. Bahlay and A. Kryvenko, these areas in this context were unknown to researchers of folk spiritual culture. Conclusions. Demonological tradition of Khmilnyk district at the beginning of the 20th century remains quite rich. Its main characters are witches and sorcerers, vampires, hobgoblins, mermaids, «potеrchatа», dead-«revenаnts», actually devils. In general, the demonology of the Khmilnyk district resembles the East Volyn region, which is natural. At the same time, there is a rapprochement with the Podillia tradition, in particular in the beliefs about vampirеs, about mermaids, about the elderberry as a «devil's tree» and so on. It is worth noting that the local population, sometimes clearly feeling the difference between their speech and Podillian, today identifies itself with Podillya.

Anti-Semitism and Communication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Kiewe
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages

Anti-Semitism is the systematic hatred, discrimination, and attack on Jews. Anti-Semitism often manifests itself in hateful speech that functions as the precursor to hostile actions against Jews. Anti-Semitism is a subject matter that has occupied scholars dating back from antiquity, through the Middle Ages, and more intensely in modern times. Different perspectives have been employed to explain this scourge, covering the terrains of historical, political, psychological, and even pathological perspectives but rarely in rhetorical studies. Considering anti-Semitism as hateful speech enables a rhetorical explanation whereby suasive forces are employed to strategically find faults with one group functioning as a scapegoat for the action of others. From this perspective, anti-Semitism is a form of victimization that scapegoats Jews for causes not of their doing, yet their existence is argued time and again as the reason for various societal ills. Ostensibly, Jews have been targeted throughout history and faulted for events not linked to them. From charges of conspiring with the Devil in antiquity, to poisoning wells in the Middle Ages, to causing Germany’s defeat in World War I, and many more, anti-Semitism has consistently been employed at critical historical junctures as a convenient explanation for complicated and troubling events. The Holocaust and the systematic plan to decimate Europe’s Jewry was perhaps the most overt and egregious case of anti-Semitism. It was based on a powerful propaganda machine that dehumanized Jews first, blamed them for all that befell Germany, and readied the grounds for the mass murder of some six million of them. One root cause stands at the center of anti-Semitism: the death of Christ on the cross, and with it the charge that Jews are forever guilty of this crime. With religious interpretation and theological dogmas of the early Christian Church, the charge of Jews as Christ killer would establish the theology that Jews are forever guilty of this crime and fault every Jew at any time, even those not yet born, of this crime. This foundational charge has allowed other charges, including social, racial, and economic explanations, to be piled up against Jews, eventually identifying them as permanent pariahs. From a rhetorical perspective, an inherent guilt is the motivating force that has allowed anti-Semitism to survive through millennia. Hatred of Jews and hateful speech directed at them has never been erased, though one significant exception to the charge of eternal guilt was advanced by the Vatican II Council in 1965 in its document Nostra Aetate, and in it, the Church repudiated the charge of the eternal guilt of the Jew. The horrors of the Holocaust, more than any other cause, has brought the Catholic Church to change a century-old dogma, seeking an end to anti-Semitism. The Church correctly identified the charge of eternal guilt of the Jew as the root cause of anti-Semitism and stated its rejection of the faulty reasoning associated with the charge of eternal deicide. This significant move has done much to improve Christian–Jewish relations but it has not erased anti-Semitism. Recent incidents in various parts of the world have increased concerns that a new wave of anti-Semitism is under way. Anti-Semitism appeals to people’s base instincts and is often rationalized as the fear of the “other” and the preservation of the self and the dominant community. Anti-Semitism flourishes because the rhetorical process therein is simple: It absolves culprits of answering tough questions by scapegoating an other who has already been accepted as the pariah and whose “responsibility” for past iniquities has long been established. Anti-Semitism is processed through a tried and true persuasive formula that is manifested rhetorically in speech and in images. Anti-Semitism succeeds where people do not employ basic critical skills when confronting messages, preferring instead to accept convenient, if spurious, explanations.

scholarly journals Professional Ethics in Three Professions during the Holocaust

Conatus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Michael F. Polgar
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Policies And Programs

Modern scholars and bioethicists continue to learn from the Holocaust. Scholarship and history show that the authoritarian Nazi state limited and steered the development and power of professions and professional ethics during the Holocaust. Eliminationist anti-Semitism drove German professions and many professionals to join in policies and programs of mass deportation and ultimately genocidal mass murder, while also excluding many professionals (including most Jewish professionals) from paid work. For many physicians and other medical professionals, humane and truly ethical practices were limited by constrained professional autonomy and coercive state laws. Education and research in natural sciences were distorted by applications of racist eugenic policies and practices. In law schools and legal professions, professionals were rewarded as judgmental enforcers of state policies, often working with limited independent agency and in the public sphere. Mass harm and mass crimes were therefore perpetrated in accordance with Nazi laws and policies, incorporating professions and professionals into destructive practices, along with other occupational groups.

scholarly journals BIOHISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT IN DROHOBYCH REGION IN 1930–1950s

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-334
Author(s):  
Nazariі Kapustynskyі
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
First Time

Summary. The purpose of this study is to analyze historiographical sources containing information about the leaders and prominent figures of the Ukrainian liberation movement of the 1930‒1950s in Drohobych region, to find out the extent of study of the problem, to highlight the unexplored and unexplored issues. Research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematic, scientific, verification, authorial objectivity, moderate narrative constructivism, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the author analyzed historiographical literature on the leaders and prominent figures of the Ukrainian national liberation movement in Drohobych region of the 1930s and 1950s emphasizing the nature and problems of historical research, conceptual bases and informativity. Conclusions. The main outlines of the analyzed problem were depicted by the Ukrainian diaspora representatives and such attempts were made immediately after the Second World War. Modern researchers have not only deepened their predecessor but also expanded the range of scientific research. Now, the names of those who fought for Ukraine’s independence in the 1930’s and 1950’s have been forgotten. At the same time, there are problems that require further scientific research. In particular, it is necessary to find out the full composition of the OUN(b) Drohobych regional leadership and to trace the activity of this structure from the autumn of 1941 to the end of 1944. We have little information about its leading figures ‒ Andrey Shukatko, Vladimir Kobilnik, Levko Hrushak, Olga Nimilovich, Roman Kotsyub etc. It is hoped that further studies on the oral, social, gender history of the Ukrainian liberation movement will continue to gain in importance, as well as work on the creation of a modern commemorative canon.

scholarly journals Formation and Development of the Vinnytsia Tool Plant as a Reflection of the Realities of Soviet Industry (According to the Periodicals of the Late 1940s - Early 1980s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Olena Stadnyk ◽  
◽  
Natalia Kuzminets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
Competitive Products ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Results

The purpose of the article is to cover the process of founding, formation and development of the Vinnytsia Tool Plant and show its activities through the prism of the Soviet press. The methodology of research is based on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization) and special-historical (historical-critical, historical-comparative, problem-chronological, discourse-analysis, document processing) methods. The study is based on the universal principles of historicism, scientificity, multifactoriality and systematicity. The scientific novelty of the work is that the authors for the first time, based on the analysis of periodicals as a source, revealed various aspects of the functioning of the Vinnytsia Tool Plant in the system of realities of Soviet industry. Conclusions. The materials placed on the pages of Soviet periodicals testify to the undoubted positive results in the activities of the Vinnytsia Tool Plant during its existence. This is reflected in the significant achievements of the enterprise, the establishment of competitive products, improving the organization of production, its automation, infrastructure development, improving working conditions and living conditions of workers. These achievements were comprehensively covered in the pages of periodicals. However, the Soviet press had its own specifics of creating an information picture about the development of the Soviet economy, carefully retouched the shortcomings of the command-administrative system and its insensitivity to the demands of the time. Newspaper columns in the late 1940s and early 1980s were one of the platforms for demonstrating the labor exploits of the Soviet people and shaped public opinion about the benefits of socialist development in society. Nevertheless, despite the bias, propaganda and stereotypes of the publications, the information in the Soviet media allows us to assess not only the achievements in the plant's activities, but also to identify shortcomings and miscalculations. But, in our opinion, these shortcomings should be connected first of all with features of development of the all-Union industry - following instructions "from above", necessity of performance of plans of the next five years, lag of the USSR in scientific and technical progress, lack of effective communication of science and production, using outdated equipment and technologies and involving instead the "human factor" to fulfill the tasks set by the party and state leadership to increase productivity, increase the number of products and improve its quality.

scholarly journals AGRARIANISM AS A PEASANT-CENTRIC PHENOMENON OF THE UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917–1921 IN THE FOCUS OF FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-234
Author(s):  
Vasyl Ilnytskyi ◽  
Mykola Hlibishchuk ◽  
Oleksii Kompaniiets
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Foreign Researcher

Summary. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historiographical analysis of foreign discourse in the coverage of agrarianism as a peasant-centric phenomenon of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921. The research methodology is based on the combination of the principles of historicism, multifactoriality, systematics, and logic. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods are used. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography, we carried out a comprehensive analysis and actualization of a disparate array of literature on the issue of agrarianism as a peasant-centric phenomenon of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–192, developed by foreign researcher. Conclusions. The phenomenon of agrarianism is widely reflected in modern foreign historiography. Today, recognized specialists in the field of agrarianism are J. Elland, Z. Hemmerling, R. Golets, A. Lech, B. Stochevskaya, A. Toshkov, M. Tomek, B. Trencheni, X. Schultz, A. Haare, J. Ryhlik, J. Garna, M. Novak, M. Brunklik, V. Havlik, V. Medzhetsky, W. Mueller, E. Cuba, I. Suaa, T. Lorenz etc. In foreign scientific publications, there are only a few mentions of the Ukrainian version of agrarianism in the context of Central and Eastern Europe. And even in this case, Ukrainian agrarians are often reduced by foreign researchers only to the agricultural ideology of V. Lypynsky. Much more often in foreign works, they talk about Ukraine as an object of interest from foreign theorists of agrarianism. In view of this, we can state that the domestic historical science faces the task of substantiating the peculiarities of the Ukrainian version of agrarianism in comparison with its neighboring versions (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Romanian, Bulgarian), as well as reaching the level of international research projects. which is the phenomenon of European agrarianism.

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