Etlik Piliçlerde Altlık Üzerine Dane Buğday Serpilmesinin Performans, Karkas Özellikleri, Dışkı pH ve Viskozitesi Üzerine Etkileri

The aim of this study was investigate the effects of whole wheat scattered the litter on performance, carcass characteristics and viscosity and pH of excreta in male broilers. A total 336 male chicks (Ross-308) were randomly distributed into two dietary treatments of four replicates each. Same starter (0 to 21 d) and finisher diets (22 to 45 d) were used in both groups. All birds were given ad libitum access to feed and water throughout experimental period. From 8 to 21 days, whole wheat (10 g/bird/day) was randomly thrown on the litter in one of the experimental groups twice a day (at 0800 and 1200 h). Scattering whole wheat in the litter decreased body weight of male broilers at 21 d of age while increased at 45 d of age. Feed intake was not affected by whole wheat scatter treatment. From 22 to 45 and 0 to 45 d of age, feed conversion ratio significantly improved in group scattered whole wheat in the litter than control group. No significant differences were occurred among groups for mortality, carcass characteristics and excreta viscosity. However, pH value of excreta in group scattered whole wheat the litter showed significant reduction as compared control group. According to these results, scattering whole wheat the litter at an early stage affected the performance of male broilers positively.

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Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Under Diets Supplemented with Whole Grains

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v13i2.7709 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NK Sharma ◽

M Sapkota ◽

R Sah ◽

MP Sharma ◽

D Creswell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Control Group ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Feed Costs

This study was conducted at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan with the objective to study the effects of mixing starter diet with whole grains on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. The control group (T1) was fed only with the commercial starter and grower diets throughout the experimental period. Other treatment groups, T2, T3, and T4 received commercial starter diets supplemented with whole wheat, cracked maize and bajra pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucam) respectively from day 6. At 37 days, cumulative feed intakes (FI) were significantly lower (P<0.01) for all the whole grain treated groups, the lowest FI being noted in T2 followed by T4 and T3. Cumulative body weights at 37 days were considerably poorer in the 3 whole grain treatments. Feed conversion ratio in T3 and T4 were equal to T1, at 1.70 whereas T2 FCR was 13 points higher than T1. Lower carcass yield and breast yield (P<0.05) were noted in whole grain diets except T3, which had similar figures to that of control. Whole grains produced a larger gizzards (P<0.01). Economic analysis favoured cracked maize and whole bajra treatments, each generating a net profit of NRs. 12.3/bird and NRs. 6.48/bird respectively. This study clearly demonstrated that these whole grains could be successfully fed to broilers in a method of diluting a starter diet. But more research is needed with higher nutrient density starter diets with some adjustments in whole grain dilution to develop an efficient method of whole grain feeding that gives at least equal weights, better FCR, and lower feed costs. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 21-28 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7709

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Performance, Carcass and Relative Organ Weights of Young Boars Fed Graded Dietary Levels of Raw Icacinia manni (Earth Ball)

Journal of Agricultural Research and Development ◽

10.4314/jard.v19i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J.S Ekpo ◽

I.M Sam ◽

U.M Okon

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Large White ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Young Boars ◽

Dietary Treatments

A study conducted for a period of fifty (50) days to determine the growth performance, carcass and organ weight of growing boars fed graded dietary levels of raw Icacinia manni tuber meal. Four experimental diets were formulated with Icacinia manni (Earth ball) replacing maize at 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels designated as T1(control), T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Forty-eight (48) young boars (Landrace x Large white) each weighed 7.72+ 0.35kg were assigned to the four dietary treatments and replicated three times of four boars each in a completely randomized design. Carcass traits and relative organs weights were evaluated. These traits were; dressed weight, dressing percentage, head, shank, trotter, belly, thick rib chop, rib chop, loin, chump chop, leg fillet end, Leg shank end, liver, lungs, kidney spleen and heart. The results indicated that apart from T4, diets T1, T2 and T3 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This implies that Icacinia manni did not affect growth performance except at 15% level of inclusion Similarly, Pigs fed diets T2 and T3 showed significant (P<0.05) increase in dressed weight, dressing percentage as well as certain primal cuts such as breast, rib chop, loin and chump chop. However, relative organs weight did not differ (P>0.05) across dietary treatments except the lungs in T4 (15%) signifying the non-deleterious effect of raw icacinia manni, at 10%. To attain optimum performance and carcass characteristics in young boars therefore, inclusion of raw Icacinia manni in young boars’ diet at 10 percent is recommended.

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Effect of Essential Oil of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) or Increasing Levels of a Commercial Prebiotic (TechnoMOS®) on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Male Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3330

Author(s):

Hossein Amouei ◽

Giulia Ferronato ◽

Ali Ahmad Alaw Qotbi ◽

Mehrdad Bouyeh ◽

Peter G. Dunne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Basic Diet ◽

Dietary Treatments

To investigate the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) or increasing inclusion of a prebiotic (TechnoMOS®) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broilers, 400 one-day-old male broilers (43.5 g, as mean of body weight) were placed in 20 pens (2.0 × 1.0 m, with a floor area of 0.10 m2 per bird) in groups of 20, and each pen cage was assigned to a specific dietary treatment (four replicates per each one). The dietary treatments included basic diet (no additive; CTR), basic diet including 0.025%, 0.075%, or 0.125% of TechnoMOS® (MOS025, MOS075, and MOS125, respectively), or basic diet including 0.075% thyme extract (TEO075). All dietary treatments were offered from the beginning of the study until the end of the trial. There were no effects of MOS or TEO on carcass characteristics. No significant effects of treatment on weight gain were obtained on a week-by-week basis; however, CTR birds gained less weight during the grower phase and overall compared with MOS birds. The same contrast for feed intake revealed that CTR birds had greater feed intake than MOS birds during both the grower phase and overall (492.18 g and 486.35 g, respectively). In conclusion, treated groups showed an improved feed conversion ratio.

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Effect of genotype and sex on growth traits, feed utilization and survivability in Nigerian local and Nicholas white exotic turkey

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v43i1.2741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 37-49

Author(s):

F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽

K. L. Ayorinde ◽

T. R. Fayeye ◽

I. A. Ahutu ◽

A. R. Obadare

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Early Stage ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Linear Body

Two hundred (200) Nigerian local and Nicholas white (NW) exotic poults (hundred for each breed) were observed from day old to fifteen week for growth traits {Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurements; Body Length (BL), Body Girth (BG), Shank Length (SL) Shank Diameter (SD), Thigh Length (TL), Wing length (WL)], survivability and feed utilization potential (feed intake and feed conversion ratio). There was a significant (p<0.05) genotype effect on BW throughout the experimental period, BW ranged from 120.41±3.12 to 2764.00±32.10g and 142.29±2.94 to 4601.00±41.45g in Nigerian local and NW exotic turkey respectively. Sex effect and interaction between genotypes and sex (GxS) on bodyweight were significant (p<0.05) between weeks 7 to 15. Genotypes, sex and GxS effects were also significant (p<0.05) on linear body parameters measured at different ages. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio for the two genotypes were significantly (p<0.05) different. The NW exotic consumed more feed than the local turkey (14.29 to 250.31g vs. 13.27 to 200.47g) from week 1 to 15. The Nigerian local poults significantly (p<0.04) had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) from week 1 to 7 (0.17 to 0.21) than the NW exotic (0.20 to 0.23). However, as the poults grow older (from week 8 to 15), the NW exotic had better FCR (0.24 to 0.31) compared to the Nigerian local (0.27 to 0.38). Mortality rate was higher in the NW exotic (25%) than the Nigerian local turkey during the study period. This research showed significant genotype, sex and GxS interaction effects on growth traits of turkey. It showed that the NW exotic poults consumed more feed and gained more weight than the Nigerian local from week 1 to 15, had better feed conversion ratio and poorer survivability at older ages (weeks 8 to 15). The Nigerian local consumed smaller quantity of feed and had better FCR at poults stage (weeks 1 to 7). The Nigerian local turkey had better survivability rate throughout the experimental period and can be selected for an improved body weight and better feed utilization at early stage of life.

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EFFECT OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA SEEDMEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FROM FIVE TO TWELVE WEEKS OF AGE.

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v22i1.2027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

A. C. OKONKWO ◽

I. T. WAMAGI ◽

B. I. OKON ◽

B. I. UMOH

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Average Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Groundnut Cake ◽

Dietary Treatments

One hundred and twenty 5-week old Shaver Cross broiler chickens were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments in which Leucaena leucocephala seed meal (LSM) replaced groundnut cake at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 20% for an eight week period. Control and 20% LSM diets significantly (P<0.05) increased mean feed intake during the finisher phase. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds on 20% LSM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than FCR of those on the rest of the treatments during the grower phase, while in the finisher period, broilers on 0 and 20% LSM had significantly (P<0.05) lower FCR than birds on Sand 10% LSM; the 10% LSM, however, induced significantly (P <0.05) higher FCR than 5% LSM during the same period. Average weight gains and mortality showed no significant treatment effects throughout the period of study. There were significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments meant for dressed carcass percentage, liver, kidney, intestine and gizzard weights as percentage liveweight. Based on the data obtained in this study, LSM should not be included in broilers' diets at levels more than 10% of the groundnut cake.

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Effect of genotype and sex on growth traits, feed utilization and survivability in Nigerian local and Nicholas white exotic turkey

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v43i2.978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 37-49

Author(s):

F. E Sola-Ojo ◽

K. L Ayorinde ◽

T. R Fayeye ◽

I. A Ahutu ◽

A. R. Obadare

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Early Stage ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Linear Body

Two hundred (200) Nigerian local and Nicholas white (NW) exotic poults (hundred for each breed) were observed from day old to fifteen week for growth traits [Body Weight (BW) and linear body measurements; Body Length (BL), Body Girth (BG), Shank Length (SL) Shank Diameter (SD), Thigh Length (TL), Wing length (WL)], survivability and feed utilization potential (feed intake and feed conversion ratio). There was a significant (p<0.05) genotype effect on BW throughout the experimental period, BW ranged from 120.41± 3.12 to 2764.00±32.10g and 142.29±2.94 to 4601.00±41.45g in Nigerian local and NW exotic turkey respectively. Sex effect and interaction between genotypes and sex (GxS) on bodyweight were significant (p<0.05) between weeks 7 to 15. Genotypes, sex and GxS effects were also significant (p<0.05) on linear body parameters measured at different ages. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio for the two genotypes were significantly (p<0.05) different. The NW exotic consumed more feed than the local turkey (14.29 to 250.31g vs. 13.27 to 200.47g) from week 1 to 15. The Nigerian local poults significantly (p<0.04) had better feed conversion ratio (FCR) from week 1 to 7 (0.17 to 0.21) than the NW exotic (0.20 to 0.23). However, as the poults grow older (from week 8 to 15), the NW exotic had better FCR (0.24 to 0.31) compared to the Nigerian local (0.27 to 0.38).Mortality rate was higher in the NW exotic (25%) than the Nigerian local turkey during the study period. This research showed significant genotype, sex and GxS interaction effects on growth traits of turkey. It showed that the NW exotic poults consumed more feed and gained more weight than the Nigerian local from week 1 to 15, had better feed conversion ratio and poorer survivability at older ages (weeks 8 to 15). The Nigerian local consumed smaller quantity of feed and had better FCR at poults stage (weeks 1 to 7). The Nigerian local turkey had better survivability rate throughout the experimental period and can be selected for an improved body weight and better feed utilization at early stage of life.

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Supplementation of Diet With Microbial And Thermo-Stable 6-Phytase With Recommended And Deficient CA and P Level on Broiler Performance

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v19i1.54791 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 211-222

Author(s):

MT Islam ◽

M Habib ◽

AJM Ferdaus ◽

MBR Mollah ◽

MS Ali

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Dietary Treatments

An experiment was carried out to investigate the performances with 1080 male Cobb-500 broiler chicks using different levels of a microbial phytase in plantbased diet. Six dietary treatments were formulated as follows; the first 3 diets were balanced with Ca and Av. P according to the recommendation of Cobb-500 served as basal diet without phytase enzyme (T1), basal diet with 100g phytase ton-1 feed (T2) and basal diet with 200g phytase ton-1 feed (T3), while the last 3 diets were deficient in Ca and Av. P and containing no phytase enzyme (T4), diet with 100g phytase/ton feed (T5) and diet with 200g phytase ton-1 feed (T6). All 6 treatments were replicated 6 times. Body weight, feed consumption and mortality of broilers were recorded weekly. The highest body weight was found in T3 with 200g phytase ton-1 feed with recommended Ca and Av. P level in the diet, followed by T6 with 200g phytase/ton feed with deficient in Ca and Av. P level in the diet (P<0.05). The lowest weight was found in T1 without phytase with recommended Ca and Av. P level in the diet. The feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality of the birds during 35 days of experimental period did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The meat yield characteristics at 35 days of age were non-significant among different treatments (P>0.05). Significantly lower value of total ash (%), Ca (%) and total P (%) of tibia was found in control group (T1) and T4. The results of this experiment revealed that phytase supplementation at 200g ton-1 of feed improved broiler performances at either recommended or deficient level of Ca and Av. P. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 211-222 (2021)

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Effect of graded levels of differently processed Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i2.462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. O. Owosibo ◽

I. A. Okere ◽

G. A. Adedokun

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dietary Treatments

The study was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of differently processed Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty (150), 28-day old birds were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments of 3 replicates of thirty birds each. Each replicate had 10 birds. The treatments were: T1 - control diet with 0% inclusion level of Roselle Seed Meal (RSM) while the four other diets had 50% of raw (T2: rRSM), soaked (T3: sRSM), boiled (T4: bRSM) and fermented (T5: fRSM) Roselle Seed Meal in a complete randomized design. At the end of the 28thday of the feeding (week 8), parameters measured were on performance and carcass characteristics. The data collected were analyzed using ANOVA of SAS with the means, where significant, were separated using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) were highest in birds on T5. Birds on T5 had the least feed conversion ratio (FCR) value (2.62). Feed intake and percent mortality did not differ significantly among birds on the different dietary treatments. Birds on T5 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values for live weight (LW), thigh weight (TW) and neck weight (NW). Percentage eviscerated weight, breast weight, drumstick weight, shank weight, wing weight and back weight did not differ significantly among the birds on the different treatments. The gizzard (G), liver (L) and spleen (S) had the highest values in birds on T3 (G: 2.53%), T1 (L: 2.34%), T5 (S: 0.18) being significantly (p<0.05) different from T 5 (G: 2.04% and L: 1.87%), T2 (S: 0.08%), T3 (S: 0.08%) and T4 (S: 0.09%) respectively. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences observed among the treatments for percentage heart weight. It can be concluded that processing methods enhanced the utilization of Roselle seed meal with the best being the fermentation method as revealed by its feed conversion ratio, live weight and some carcass parameters when Roselle Seed Meal was substituted for 50% of soybean meal in the broiler finisher diets.

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Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Ahmed Elbaz ◽

Said El-sheikh

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

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Dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) promotes the growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01190-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cong Wang ◽

Qing Liu ◽

Fengchun Ye ◽

Hongbo Tang ◽

Yanpeng Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Control Group ◽

Good Growth ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Dietary Treatments

AbstractPurslane is a widespread wild vegetable with both medicinal and edible properties. It is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value and is also considered as a high-quality feed resource for livestock and poultry. In this study, Sanhuang broilers were used to investigate the effect of feeding purslane diets on the growth performance in broilers and their gut microbiota. A total of 48 birds with good growth and uniform weight were selected and randomly allocated to four treatment groups A (control), B, C and D. Dietary treatments were fed with basal diet without purslane and diets containing 1%, 2% and 3% purslane. The 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in the four sets of samples. The results showed that dietary inclusion of 2% and 3% purslane could significantly improve the growth performance and reduce the feed conversion ratio. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the composition of gut microbiota of Sanhuang broilers mainly included Gallibacterium, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, etc. As the content of purslane was increased, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and Escherichia-Shigella decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that Bacteroides_caecigallinarum, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales and Firmicutes had significant differences compared with the control group. PICRUSt analysis revealed bacteria mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism pathway due to the additon of purslane in the diet. These results suggest that the addition of purslane to feed could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestine, modulate the environment of gut microbiota and promote the metabolism of carbohydrates to improve its growth performance. This study indicates that the effect of purslane on the growth-promoting performance of broilers might depend on its modulation on gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the application of purslane in the feed industry.

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