Cevap Yüzey Metodu Kullanılarak Keçiboynuzu Ekstraktında Bulunan D-Pinitolün Nanofiltrasyon Uygulamasıyla Zenginleştirilmesinin Optimize Edilmesi

In this study, it was aimed to enrich D-pinitol in carob extract using nanofilters in the range of 1-5 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). Enrichment stages were extraction, clarification, adsorbent application and nanofiltration applications. The Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize nanofiltration application. D-pinitol content, sugar composition, total phenolic matters (TPC), total dry matters (TDM) and total minerals were determined for the purity control of the product obtained in the final stage. The highest D-pinitol concentration in extracts was achieved in nanofiltration at the 5 kDa MWCO under the condition of 3 bar feed pressure, 25°C feed temperature and 83.3% permeate rate, in which the extract contained 10.48 g/L of D-pinitol. In the study, an optimization model based on pressure, temperature and permeate/retentate ratio variables were created for the nanofiltration process. Thus, the change in the D-pinitol concentration of the extracts depending on different conditions was mathematically modelled with a high accuracy (R2=0.91). Depending on this model, the highest amount of sucrose, TPC and TDM in carob extracts was determined under the condition that the D-pinitol concentration was 8.7%.

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EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AVOCADO PEEL

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/mp.2019.3.7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Nu Linh Giang Ton ◽

Thi Hoai Nguyen ◽

Quoc Hung Vo

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Response Surface ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Antioxidant

Avocado peel has been considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants in which phenolics are among the most important compounds. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the extraction process of phenolics using response surface methodology and evaluate the corresponding antioxidant activity. From the quadratic model, the optimal condition was determined including the ethanol concentration 54.55% (v/v), the solvent/solute ratio 71.82/1 (mL/g), temperature 53.03 oC and extraction time 99.09 min. The total phenolic content and the total antioxidant capacity at this condition with minor modifications were 26,74 ± 0,04 (mg GAE/g DW) and 188.06 ± 1.41 (mg AAE/g DW), respectively. The significant correlation between total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity was also confirmed. Key words: response surface methodology, central composite rotatable design, total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, avocado peel

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Characterization of water soluble pentosans of enzyme supplemented dough and breads/ Caracterización de las pentosanas solubles en agua extraídas de masa y pan conteniendo enzimas comerciales

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/108201320000600302 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. Jimenez ◽

M.A. Martinez-Anaya

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Sugar Composition ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Processing Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Source

Water soluble pentosans (WSP) from doughs and breads made with different enzyme preparations are characterized according to extraction yield, sugar composition, xylose/arabinose ratio and molecular weight (MW) distribution. Extraction yield was greater for dough than for bread samples, ranging from 0.94 to 1.64%, but bread extracts had a higher purity. Percent of pentoses in purified WSP was greater in pentosanase supplemented samples (28-55%) than in control and amylase containing samples (23-32%). Major sugars were xylose and arabinose, but glucose and mannose also appeared in the extracts. The xylose/arabinose (Xyl/Ara) ratio was 1.3-1.6 and underwent small changes during processing. Enzyme addition caused an increase in Xyl/Ara ratio, attributable to a debranching of arabinoxylans (AX) with higher degree of Ara substitution by arabinofuranosidase. Addition of pentosanases had a significant effect in increasing WSP with MW over 39 000, whereas those of low MW changed only slightly. MW distribution depended on enzyme source, and whereas some enzymes showed activity during fermentation others increased their activity during baking. No synergistic effects were observed in studied variables due to the combination of amylases with pentosanases. Protein in WSP extracts eluted together with ferulic acid suggesting they were linked, but not associated with a determined carbohydrate fraction.

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Contemporaneous Production of Amylase and Protease through CCD Response Surface Methodology by Newly Isolated Bacillus megaterium Strain B69

Enzyme Research ◽

10.1155/2014/601046 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rajshree Saxena ◽

Rajni Singh

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Bacillus Megaterium ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Mass Scale ◽

World Population ◽

Oilseed Cake ◽

Basal Media ◽

Green Chemicals ◽

Agroindustrial Wastes

The enormous increase in world population has resulted in generation of million tons of agricultural wastes. Biotechnological process for production of green chemicals, namely, enzymes, provides the best utilization of these otherwise unutilized wastes. The present study elaborates concomitant production of protease and amylase in solid state fermentation (SSF) by a newly isolated Bacillus megaterium B69, using agroindustrial wastes. Two-level statistical model employing Plackett-Burman and response surface methodology was designed for optimization of various physicochemical conditions affecting the production of two enzymes concomitantly. The studies revealed that the new strain concomitantly produced 1242 U/g of protease and 1666.6 U/g of amylase by best utilizing mustard oilseed cake as the substrate at 20% substrate concentration and 45% moisture content after 84 h of incubation. An increase of 2.95- and 2.04-fold from basal media was observed in protease and amylase production, respectively. ANOVA of both the design models showed high accuracy of the polynomial model with significant similarities between the predicted and the observed results. The model stood accurate at the bench level validation, suggesting that the design model could be used for multienzyme production at mass scale.

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Optimizing Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Infrared-Hot Air Roasted Sunflower Kernels Using Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/4186050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mahdis Mosayebi ◽

Mahdi Kashaninejad ◽

Leila Najafian

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Color Change ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Sensory Properties ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Hot Air

Roasting sunflower kernels is a key process in production of nuts. In this study, the effect of roasting conditions, including hot air temperature (120–160°C), infrared (IR) power (400–600 W) and roasting time (3–10 min) on energy and specific energy consumption, color parameters (L∗, a∗, b∗, ΔE, BI, SI, WI, and h°), texture, moisture content, chemical properties (pH and total phenolic contents, peroxide value (PV), and sensory properties of sunflower kernel were investigated. In addition, the best models for the responses were obtained, and the proper roasting conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic model was proposed for color change (L∗, ΔE, SI, and WI), moisture and total phenol contents, linear relation for a∗, b∗, h°, and 2FI for BI, texture, PV, and pH. Roasting at 425.7 W IR power and 124.3°C for 3.7 min was found to be convenient or proper roasting conditions.

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Optimization of Aqueous Two Phase Extraction of Proteins from Litopenaeus Vannamei Waste by Response Surface Methodology Coupled Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

Chemical Product and Process Modeling ◽

10.1515/cppm-2019-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Saravana Pandian ◽

S. Sindhanai Selvan ◽

A. Subathira ◽

S. Saravanan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Value Added ◽

Phase System ◽

Two Phase ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm

Abstract Waste generated from industrial processing of seafood is an enormous source of commercially valuable proteins. One among the underutilized seafood waste is shrimp waste, which primarily consists of head and carapace. Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is the widely cultivated shrimp in Asia and contributes to 90 % of aggregate shrimp production in the world. This work was focused on extraction as well as purification of value-added proteins from L. vannamei waste in a single step aqueous two phase system (ATPS). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and trisodium citrate system were chosen for the ATPS owing to their adequate partitioning and less toxic nature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented for the optimization of independent process variables such as PEG molecular weight (2000 to 6000), pH (6 to 8) and temperature (25 to 45 °C). The results obtained from RSM were further validated using a Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA). At the optimized condition of PEG molecular weight 2000, pH 8 and temperature 35 °C, maximum partition coefficient and protein yield were found to be 2.79 and 92.37 %, respectively. Thus, L. vannamei waste was proved to be rich in proteins, which could be processed industrially through cost-effective non-polluting ATPS extraction, and RSM coupled MGA could be a potential tool for such process optimization.

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Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology On Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidants Properties

10.20944/preprints201801.0022.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Khurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir ◽

Siti Salwa Abdul Gani ◽

Nor Fadzillah Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

In this study, the optimal condition for the extraction of antioxidants from the fruit Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) was determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization was applied using central composite design (CCD) to investigate the three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (oC), extraction time (minutes) and extraction solvent to-feed ratio (%v/v) on the responses of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing power assay (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC).The optimal conditions for the antioxidants extraction were found to be extraction temperature (64oC), extraction time (66 minutes) and solvent to-feed ratio (75 %v/v) with the highest percentage yield of DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC were 86.85%, 7.47%, 292.86 mg/g and 3.22 mg/g respectively. Moreover, the data were subjected to response surface methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R2) above 99%, proving the yield of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidants activities obtained experimentally were close to the predicted values and the suitability of the model employed in RSM to optimize the extraction conditions. Hence, in this study, the fruit from P.macrocarpa could be considered to have the strong antioxidant ability and can be used in various cosmeceutical or medicinal applications.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and FTIR Characterization of High-Molecular Weight Melanoidin Fractions from Different Types of Cocoa Beans

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8110560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 560 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Oracz ◽

Zyzelewicz

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Model Systems ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Potential Health ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Different Types

Melanoidins from real foods and model systems have received considerable interest due to potential health benefits. However, due to the complexity of these compounds, to date, the exact structure of melanoidins and mechanism involved in their biological activity has not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolic content, antioxidant properties, and structural characteristics of high-molecular weight (HMW) melanoidin fractions isolated by dialysis (>12.4 kDa) from raw and roasted cocoa beans of Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario beans cultivated in various area. In vitro antioxidant properties of all studied HMW cocoa fractions were evaluated by four different assays, namely free radical scavenging activity against DPPH● and ABTS●+ radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal-chelating ability. Additionally, the structure–activity relationship of isolated HMW melanoidin fractions were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results show that roasting at a temperature of 150 °C and a relative air humidity of 0.3% effectively enhances the total phenolics content and the antioxidant potential of almost all HMW cocoa melanoidin fractions. The ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that the various mechanisms of action of HMW melanoidins isolates of different types of cocoa beans related to their structural diversity. Consequently, the results clearly demonstrated that HMW cocoa fractions isolated from cocoa beans (especially those of Criollo variety) roasted at higher temperatures with the lower relative humidity of air possess high antioxidant properties in vitro.

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Purification of Polybutylene Terephthalate by Oligomer Removal Using a Compressed CO2 Antisolvent

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11071230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wen Yu ◽

Jian-Hao Huang ◽

Chung-Sung Tan

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Operating Time ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽

Operating Variables ◽

Cyclic Oligomers ◽

Short Operating Time

In this study, the cyclic oligomers in the highly chemically resistant polyester polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) were effectively removed using a compressed CO2 antisolvent technique in which 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) was used as the solvent. In addition to the oligomers, tetrahydrofuran was completely removed because of its low molecular weight and liquid state. The effects of the operating variables, including temperature, pressure, and the PBT concentration in HFIP, on the degree of removal of the oligomers were systematically studied using experimental design and the response surface methodology. The most appropriate operating conditions for the purification of PBT were 8.3 MPa and 23.4 °C when using 4.5 wt % PBT in HFIP. Under these conditions, the cyclic trimers and dimers could be removed by up to 81.4% and 95.7%, respectively, in a very short operating time.

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CFD Study of HPT Blade Cooling Flow Supply Systems

Volume 6: Turbo Expo 2007, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/gt2007-27228 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haifa El-Sadi ◽

Grant Guevremont ◽

Remo Marini ◽

Sami Girgis

Keyword(s):

Mass Flow ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Side Wall ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Cooling Flow ◽

Blade Cooling ◽

Feed Pressure ◽

The Impact ◽

Supply Systems ◽

Feed Temperature

This work summarizes the results of the CFD analyses to investigate the effect of the geometrical parameters for a typical coverplate-disk cavity and blade broach system also known as the blade cooling flow supply system. A turbofan high pressure turbine was used as the test vehicle for this investigation. The main objective was to explore potential improvements in engine SFC (aerodynamic performance) by reducing the parasitic work while minimizing the impact on the factors that affect the durability of the turbine blades; feed pressure, temperature, and mass flow. Various tangential on-board injection (TOBI) blade cooling flow supply systems were considered: i) Phase 1 compared the radial TOBI and axial TOBI, ii) Phase 2 compared coverplate-disk cavity shapes, and iii) Phase 3 compared blade broach shapes. The in-house CFD code NS3D was used for the analyses. Compared to the radial TOBI, the axial TOBI has a positive impact on the parasitic work (lower) and blade feed temperature (lower) while it has a negative impact on the blade feed pressure (lower). Further, the coverplate-disk cavity shapes investigated had no significant impact on the parasitic work, blade feed pressure, and blade feed temperature. The CFD solutions show that the major portion of the parasitic work is due to flow turning at the broach entrance. Finally, reducing the blade broach cross-section by sloping up the lower wall has no significant impact on the parasitic work and blade feed temperature but a negative impact on the blade feed pressure and mass flow. Modifying the broach pressure side wall shape is preferred among the blade broach geometries investigated. Future work to improve the CFD analysis consists of performing unsteady analyses to better capture the vortex flow in the blade broach, and including upstream stationary components with either iterative boundary condition modeling or an unsteady multi-stage approach.

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Development of a Novel Whey Date Beverage Fermented with Kefir Grains Using Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/1218058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Sana M’hir ◽

Kais Rtibi ◽

Asma Mejri ◽

Manel Ziadi ◽

Hajer Aloui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Whey Permeate ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Date Syrup ◽

Kefir Grains

The aim of this study was to develop a novel kefir beverage using date syrup, whey permeate, and whey. The levels of the kefir grain inoculum (2–5% w/v), fruit syrup (10–50% w/v), and whey permeate (0–5% w/v) on pH, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts, and overall acceptability were investigated using central composite design. The use of response surface methodology allowed us to obtain a formulation with acceptable organoleptic properties and high antioxidant activities. The obtained beverages had total phenolic content, % DPPH scavenging activity, and overall acceptability ranging from 24 to 74 mg GAE/mL, from 74.80 to 91.37 mg GAE/mL, and from 3.50 to 6 mg GAE/mL (based on a 1 to 9 preference scale), respectively. Date syrup of 36.76% (w/v), whey permeates of 2.99%, and kefir grains inoculum size of 2.08% were the optimized process conditions achieved.

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