scholarly journals Diverging trends of respiratory allergies and eczema in Greek schoolchildren: Six surveys during 1991‐2018

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. e17-e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Styliani Malliori ◽  
Alexandros Ntzounas ◽  
Panagiotis Lampropoulos ◽  
Eleana Koliofoti ◽  
Kostas N. Priftis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Respiratory Allergies ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Background: The prevalence of childhood asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in the city of Patras, Greece, has been followed in four consecutive surveys since 1991. After a continuous rise in the prevalence of all three of these disorders, a plateau was reached for asthma between 2003 and 2008, whereas the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema continued to increase. Objective: To investigate these trends in the same population into the following decade. Methods: We repeated two methodologically identical cross-sectional parental questionnaire surveys in 2013 and 2018 among 8‐9-year-old schoolchildren (N = 2554 and N = 2648, respectively). In 2018, spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements were also performed. Results: Current asthma (i.e., wheeze/asthma in the past 2 years) decreased from 6.9% in 2008 to 5.2% in 2013 and 4.3% in 2018 (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of lifetime (“ever had”) rhinoconjunctivitis also declined (5.1% in 2008, 4.4% in 2013, 3.0% in 2018; p for trend < 0.001), whereas that of lifetime eczema increased (10.8%, 13.6%, and 16.1%, respectively; p for trend < 0.001). The relative risk of current asthma in children with ever-had rhinoconjundtivitis was 7.73 in 2008, 6.00 in 2013, and 6.69 in 2018, whereas the relative risk in those with ever-had eczema was 5.15, 2.80, and 2.22, respectively. Among children with asthma, those with rhinoconjunctivitis had lower forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration and higher FeNO values than those with eczema. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis declined during the past decade in Greek schoolchildren, whereas the prevalence of eczema continued to rise. Nevertheless, the relationship between rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma remained strong, whereas the association between eczema and asthma appears to have weakened.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI PUSKESMAS KOTA RANTAUPRAPAT KABUPATEN LABUHAN BATU TAHUN 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Fitriani Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK   Pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah intervensi paling efektif untuk mencegah kematian anak namun menurut Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI), tingkat pemberian ASI eksklusif telah menurun selama dekade terakhir. Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat mempunyai cakupan ASI eksklusif pada tahun 2013 paling rendah dibandingkan puskesmas yang lainnya, yakni sebesar 11,50%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan suami dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat Kabupaten Labuhan batu Tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 7-12 bulan sebanyak 710 orang, sedangkan sampel sebanyak 106 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Analisa data dengan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p=0,014<0,05,artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan suami dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif.  di Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat. Disarankan kepada Petugas kesehatan Puskesmas Kota Rantauprapat agar lebih meningkatkan upaya cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif melalui penyuluhan langsung kepada ibu hamil dan diharapkan dapat didampingi oleh suami, sehingga suami dapat memberikan dukungan kepada ibu dalam pemberian ASI ekslusif.   Kata Kunci     :  Dukungan Suami, ASI Eksklusif ABSTRACT   Exclusive breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to prevent child deaths but according to the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (SDKI), the rate of exclusive breastfeeding has declined over the past decade. Rantauprapat City Health Center had the lowest exclusive breastfeeding coverage in 2013 compared to other health centers, which was 11.50%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding at the Rantauprapat City Health Center in Labuhan Batu Regency in 2016. The type of analytic survey research was cross sectional approach. The population is all mothers who have babies aged 7-12 months as many as 710 people, while the sample is 106 people. Data collection is done by interview. Data analysis with Chi Square. The results showed p = 0.014 <0.05, meaning that there was a significant relationship between husband's support and exclusive breastfeeding. at the Rantauprapat City Health Center. It is recommended to health workers in the City of Rantauprapat Health Center to further increase efforts to provide exclusive breastfeeding through direct counseling to pregnant women and hopefully be accompanied by her husband, so that the husband can provide support to mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.

Seeing the Caesar in Germanicus: Reading Tacitus’ Annals with Lucan’s Bellum Civile

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
Megan M. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Bellum Civile ◽  
The Past ◽  
Similar Images ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Roman Epic ◽  
Northern Frontier

AbstractThe recognition of the similarities between Roman epic poetry and historiography have led to valuable studies such as Joseph’s analysis of the relationship between Lucan’s Bellum Civile and Tacitus’ Histories. Traces of Lucan’s Bellum Civile can also be observed in Tacitus’ Annals 1 and 2, causing the beginning of Tiberius’ reign to look like a civil war in the making. The charismatic Germanicus sits with a supportive army on the northern frontier, much like Caesar, causing fear for Tiberius at Rome. Germanicus denies his chance to become the next Caesar and march on the city, but he exhibits other similarities with Lucan’s Caesar, including an association with Alexander the Great. Although at some points Germanicus seems to be repeating the past and reliving episodes experienced by Caesar in Bellum Civile, he prevents himself from fully realizing a Caesarian fate and becoming Lucan’s bad tyrant. The similar images, events, and themes presented by both authors create messages that reflect experiences from the authors’ own lives during dangerous times.

scholarly journals Use of electronic cigarettes and secondhand exposure to their aerosols are associated with asthma symptoms among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alnajem ◽  
Abdullah Redha ◽  
Dalal Alroumi ◽  
Ahmed Alshammasi ◽  
Mohamad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Globally, a surge in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has been observed in recent years, with youth being the most susceptible group. Given their recent emergence, studies assessing the health consequences of using e-cigarettes and exposure to their secondhand aerosols (SHA) are limited. Hence, this study sought to assess associations between e-cigarette use and household exposure to SHA from e-cigarettes with asthma symptoms among adolescents. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling high school students (n = 1565; aged 16–19 years) in Kuwait. Participants self-completed a questionnaire on tobacco products use (e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and asthma symptoms. Current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking were defined as any use in the past 30 days. Household exposure to SHA from e-cigarettes in the past 7 days was reported as none (0 days), infrequent (1–2 days), and frequent (≥ 3 days). Asthma symptoms included current (past 12 months) wheeze, current asthma (history of clinical diagnosis and current wheeze and/or medication use), and current symptoms of uncontrolled asthma (≥ 4 attacks of wheeze, ≥ 1 night per week sleep disturbance from wheeze, and/or wheeze affecting speech). Associations were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results Among the analytical study sample (n = 1345), current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking was reported by 369 (27.4%) and 358 (26.6%) participants, respectively. Compared to never e-cigarette users and never cigarette smokers, current e-cigarette users with no history of cigarette smoking had increased prevalence of current wheeze (aPR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.45) and current asthma (aPR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.03–3.41). Moreover, the frequency of exposure to household SHA from e-cigarettes was associated with asthma symptoms. For example, compared to those with no exposure to household SHA, frequent exposure to household SHA was associated with current wheeze (aPR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.59), current asthma (aPR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.13–2.16), and current uncontrolled asthma symptoms (aPR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.35–2.62). Conclusions E-cigarette use and their household SHA exposure were independently associated with asthma symptoms among adolescents. Hence, such observations indicate that e-cigarette use and passive exposure to their aerosols negatively impact respiratory health among adolescents.

scholarly journals Work-related Injury among Welders Working in Metal Workshops of Dharan Municipality, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Anup Ghimire ◽  
Shyam Sundar Budhathoki ◽  
Surya Raj Niraula ◽  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
Paras K Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Injuries are a problem worldwide in all occupations. Welders are exposed to many hazards at work resulting in a variety of health problems including injuries at work. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and factors associated with injuries among welders in Dharan city of eastern Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 86 welders in Dharan city. Occurrence of injury in past 2 weeks and past 12 months were recorded. Data regarding sociodemographic along with occupational characteristics was collected using semi structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.Results: All the welders in this study were male with almost half of the welders under the age of 25 years and about a fifth (21.1%) of the welders having received some form of welding training. In the past 12 months, 21.1% of the welders suffered from work related injuries. More than 95% welders used at least one personal protective equipment in this study. More injuries were seen among welders with age ≥35 years, working experience ≥ 5 years, not received training and not using of PPE at work. However, these factors were not found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Work related injuries are high among welders of Dharan. Further research is required to explore the relationship between age, literacy, training and use of personal protective equipment with the occurrence of injuries among the welders.

The relationship between disability and suicide: prospective evidence from the Ten to Men cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Milner ◽  
Anne-Marie Bollier ◽  
Eric Emerson ◽  
Anne Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background People with disabilities often face a range of social and economic adversities. Evidence suggests that these disadvantages result in poorer mental health. Some research also indicates that people with disabilities are more likely experience thoughts about suicide than people without disability, although most of this research is based on small cross-sectional samples. Methods We explored the relationship between self-reported disability (measured at baseline) and likelihood of reporting thoughts of suicide (measured at follow up) using a large longitudinal cohort of Australian males. A logistic regression model was conducted with thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months (yes or no) as the outcome and disability as the exposure. The models adjusted for relevant confounders, including mental health using the SF-12 MCS, and excluded males who reported thoughts of suicide at baseline. Results After adjustment, there was a 1.48 (95% CI: 0.98–2.23, P = 0.063) increase in the odds of thoughts of suicide among men who also reported a disability. The size of association was similar to that of being unemployed. Conclusions Males reporting disability may also suffer from thoughts of suicide. We speculate that discrimination may be one explanation for the observed association. More research on this topic is needed.

scholarly journals Effect of obesity on lung volumes among adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2828
Author(s):  
Gurmeet Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Geetika Gupta ◽  
Rajneet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Function Test ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Obesity has long been recognized to have significant effect on respiratory functions. Many studies have reported exponential decrease in pulmonary function test (PFT) with increasing body mass index (BMI), which is a crude indicator of obesity. Also, the relationship between BMI and PFTs varies with age, race, geographical region and the different obesity standards used. To the best of our knowledge, not many studies have been done to examine the relationship between obesity and lung volumes among adults in our region, Jammu. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of obesity on lung function test in obese but otherwise healthy adults of Jammu region.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jammu region on subjects selected randomly from different colleges in the age group of 18-40 years. The study involved 300 subjects; divided into three groups of 100 each, based on BMI into normal, overweight and obese groups. Four respiratory parameters viz. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second), FEV3 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 3 seconds), and MVV (Maximum Voluntary Ventilation) were used to assess their lung functions.Results: All the respiratory parameters exhibited statistically significant decrease in obese groups as compared to normal and overweight groups.Conclusions: The present study suggests that obesity alters the respiratory physiology by producing a restrictive ventilatory pattern.

Spatial distribution of gambling: two indexes in support of the reduction of health inequalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Papineau ◽  
E Robitaille ◽  
C Prisca Samba ◽  
F Lemétayer ◽  
Y Kestens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Risk Monitoring ◽  
Dissemination Area ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Many studies have showed that disadvantaged areas residents have greater access to gambling sites and are more affected by gambling. Our research proposes an innovative method to characterize gambling environments in Quebec and addresses social inequality with respect to gambling exposure. Methods This cross-sectional ecological study was carried out in 3 stages: a Gambling Exposure Index (GEI) was built and is composed of 3 dimensions: spatial accessibility to gambling sites, density of gambling places, and relative risk associated with the types of game. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to combine these dimensions into an overall GEI index. Data was retrieved from a geocoded directory of gambling sites and commercial databases. The relative risk of games is expressed by prevalence rates for those specific games in a Quebec population prevalence survey. A Vulnerability to Gambling Index (VGI) was produced based on 6 socio-economic proxies of problem gambling from the 2016 Canadian census, which were weighted and aggregated at the dissemination area (DA) level. Spatial and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between VGI and GEI, and to identify highly exposed and vulnerable areas. Results Our analyzes reveal significant associations between the GEI and the VGI in 2 599 out of 13 420 Quebec DAs (p &lt; 0.05). Sectors with a high GEI show an average distance to the closest gambling sites of 2.8 km compared with 13.5 km for more advantaged sectors. Conclusions The interactive online mapping of the two indexes and statistical analysis of the results are beneficial to the professionals working in several fields such as risk monitoring, management of zoning, licensing and gambling distribution, prevention and treatment services. The method and the associated tools can be adapted to address the problem of increased accessibility to other unhealthy products in vulnerable neighborhoods. Key messages Two innovative ecological indexes show that increased accessibility to gambling correlates with a higher vulnerability to gambling in many Quebec regions. The online interactive map on gambling exposure and vulnerability provides reliable criteria to municipal, regional and governmental bodies for a safer distribution of gambling offer.

Learned Helplessness and Depressive Symptoms Following Myocardial Infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Smallheer ◽  
Michael Vollman ◽  
Mary S. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Health Care Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Psychosocial factors are known to impact depressive symptoms across clinical populations. Learned helplessness has the potential of affecting depressive symptoms following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), though little is known about this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between learned helplessness and depressive symptoms in patients following an AMI. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, participants with a diagnosed AMI within the past 12 months were recruited. Standardized instruments and measures were used to evaluate learned helplessness and depressive symptoms. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between learned helplessness and depressive symptoms, suggesting that individuals with higher self-reported levels of learned helplessness also reported more depressive symptoms. These results indicate learned helplessness is associated with depressive symptoms in individuals following an AMI. In developing post-AMI treatment plans, health care staff should focus on psychologic points of intervention to the same extent as physiologic interventions.

scholarly journals How Dietary Factors Affect DNA Methylation: Lesson from Epidemiological Studies

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Martina Barchitta
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past decades, DNA methylation has been proposed as a molecular mechanism underlying the positive or negative effects of diet on human health. Despite the number of studies on this topic is rapidly increasing, the relationship between dietary factors, changes in DNA methylation and health outcomes remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the literature from observational studies (cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective) which examined the association of dietary factors (nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns) with DNA methylation markers among diseased or healthy people during the lifetime. Next, we discuss the methodological pitfalls by examining strengths and limitations of published studies. Finally, we close with a discussion on future challenges of this field of research, raising the need for large-size prospective studies evaluating the association between diet and DNA methylation in health and diseases for appropriate public health strategies.

Cash and Customers: Theatre Revenue and the National Economy

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Paul Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Arts Administration ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

While statistical information on certain sectors of the British theatre is slowly becoming available – notably from the Arts Council and the Society of West End Theatre, as also from researchers in the Department of Arts Administration at the City University – few attempts have yet been made to draw useful conclusions from these figures, or to deduce how they might be helpful in terms of forward-planning and projections. In the following article. Paul Huntington examines the relationship between theatre revenue and total consumer expenditure, in the context of published figures which illustrate the changing national economic picture of the past decade. He examines not only the way in which these figures tend, naturally enough, to confirm certain expectations – for example, concerning the impact of tourism on the theatre – but also less expected findings, such as the relative upsurge in the fortunes of the regional theatres at a time of slump in the commercial sector of the West End.

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