Resignificación de la Región Sierra de Tabasco a partir de elementos históricos y políticas públicas de etnicidad

La Región de la Sierra de Tabasco cuenta con grupos de población indígena ch’ol y zoque de gran importancia para la configuración del territorio, la cual tiene que ver con límites políticos en un largo proceso histórico. Este ensayo analiza la conformación histórico-cultural de la zona, resaltando los elementos de identidad étnica y estableciendo la diferencia, principalmente, entre la región instrumental y la ontológica. El trabajo examina también la política educativa indigenista de aculturación que, durante el siglo xx, influyó en la definición de estos grupos étnicos en el área de estudio, frente a un proceso en el cual se impuso un imaginario de identidad relacionada con el mundo olmeca. Los procesos temporales presentados en este estudio llevan a identificar a la región como producto de un proceso contradictorio determinado por elementos mezclados, a lo largo del tiempo, en dinámicas yuxtapuestas.Palabras clave: Etnicidad, Identidad, Indigenismo, Territorio, PolíticasResignification of the Sierra de Tabasco Region based on historical elements and public policies of ethnicityAbstractThe Sierra de Tabasco Region has Ch’ol and Zoque indigenous population groups of great importance for the configuration of the territory, which has to do with political limits in a long historical process. This essay analyzes the historical and cultural conformation of the area, highlighting the elements of ethnic identity and establishing the difference, mainly, between the instrumental and the ontological region. The work also examines the indigenist educational policy of acculturation that, during the 20th century, influenced the definition of these ethnic groups in the area of study, faced with a process in which an imaginary of identity related to the Olmec world was imposed. The temporal processes presented in this study lead to identifying the region as the product of a contradictory process shaped by a mixture of elements over time in juxtaposed dynamics.Key words: Ethnicity, Identity, Indigenism, Territory, PoliticsResignification de la Région Sierra de Tabasco à partir d’éléments historiques et de politiques publiques d’ethnicitéRésuméLa Région de la Sierra de Tabasco dispose de groupes de population indigène ch’ol et zoque de grande importance pour la configuration du territoire, laquelle implique des limites politiques dans un long procès historique. Cet essai analyse la conformation historique-culturelle de la zone, en mettant l’accent sur les éléments d’identité ethnique et en établissant la différence, principalement, entre la région instrumentale et l’ontologique. Le travail examine aussi la politique éducative indigéniste d’acculturation qui, pendant le XXe. Siècle, a influencé dans la définition de ces groupes ethniques dans l’axe d’étude, face à un procès dans lequel un imaginaire d’identité s’est imposé en relation avec le monde olmèque. Les procès temporels présentés dans cette étude emmènent à identifier la région comme produit d’un procès contradictoire déterminé par d’éléments mélangés au cours du temps dans de dynamiques juxtaposées.Mots clé : Ethnicité, Identité, Indigénisme, Territoire, Politiques

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The Distinction between [P] and [S]

10.23943/princeton/9780691161006.003.0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Galen Strawson

Keyword(s):

Personal Identity ◽

Radical Change ◽

Legal Responsibility ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Over Time

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.

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Time-weighted Reliable Change Index: Defining clinically relevant transitions when the time and magnitude of change are unknown

10.31234/osf.io/q7ch9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marieke A. Helmich

Keyword(s):

Reliable Change Index ◽

Simple Extension ◽

Symptom Checklist ◽

Reliable Change ◽

Relevant Variable ◽

Multiple Observations ◽

Depression Subscale ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Over Time

Clinically relevant change in symptoms is often assessed as the difference between two measurements, for instance, in pre- to post-treatment scores. However, most measures do not include, or account for, time as a relevant variable. To adapt the existing Reliable Change Index (RCI) to flexibly extend over multiple observations over time, a simple extension of the formula is proposed. With this adaptation, the Time-weighted RCI allows researchers to explore changes that vary in magnitude (by confidence level), as well as over different time spans (by number of observations). To illustrate, the TwRCI is applied to the depression subscale of the Symptom-Checklist-90. In conclusion, the TwRCI is a flexible definition of reliable change that is particularly useful when the time and magnitude of change are unknown.

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L'anglicisme dans la langue française

Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.29037/digitalpress.43286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 00013

Author(s):

Danny Susanto

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Oil Industry ◽

English Word ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Font Size ◽

The World ◽

French Speaking ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Bibliographic Study

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as “anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language. Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax, morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation, the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon. The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade, travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology, science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in everyday life.

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ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TUTURAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS IQRA BURU

10.35542/osf.io/34ktv ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

HARZIKO

Keyword(s):

Historical Development ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Data Selection ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Comparative Linguistics ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Vocal System ◽

The Difference ◽

Bahasa Indonesia ◽

Over Time

Language is a tool used to convey ideas, ideas, feelings, and thoughts to others. Language, which is an arbiter sound symbol system that is used by members of one community to work together, interact, and identify themselves. In other words, language can be a means to convey intent or purpose so that the desired thing is achieved. As a communication tool, language develops over time. Therefore, language will never die if its speakers still care and love for the language comparative linguistics as a study or study of language which includes the comparison of cognate languages or the historical development of a language. This research aims to elucidate the use of Indonesian language at students of Iqra Buru University with Comparative Analysis. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collected by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Sources of data in this study were 5 speakers 5 speakers language Analyzing the data by means of data selection, data classification, and data presentation. The results of the study stated that there were phonological differences, namely the Jamee vowel system contained / ɛ / and / ɔ /, while the vocal system was / a / and the consonant system was Jamee / ɣ / or / R /, while the language / r /, then the difference pronunciations include single vowels, for example makɛn, bɔRa in Jamee and eating, bara in Language used by iqra Rush university students. Keywords

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUDICIAL DEFINITION OF MATERIALITY

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.17.2.113 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 113-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LuAnn Bean ◽

Deborah W. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Court Cases ◽

Accounting Profession ◽

Current Trends ◽

Course Of Action ◽

Definition Of ◽

Over Time

Determining what should be considered a material item has been a problem for both the accounting profession and the courts. By reviewing the court cases involving the issue of materiality, the authors have determined where differences in the materiality standard as applied by the courts exist. The judicial definition of materiality has developed over time, and current trends with important variations are observed. Based upon the authors' analysis, the following judicial definition of materiality, with its possible variations, is suggested: Would the reasonable (or speculative) investor (or layman) consider important (or be influenced by) this information in determining his course of action?

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Decision Processes and Value Endogeneity

10.1093/oso/9780198825067.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

James G. March

Keyword(s):

Decision Processes ◽

Hard Problem ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Definition Of ◽

Over Time ◽

What Matters

Humans use reasons to shape and justify choices. In the process, trade-offs seem essential and often inevitable. But trade-offs involve comparisons, which are problematic both across values and especially over time. Reducing disparate values to a common metric (especially if that metric is money) is often problematic and unsatisfactory. Critically, it is not that values just shape choices, but that choices themselves shape values. This endogeneity of values makes an unconditional normative endorsement of modern decision-theoretic rationality unwise. This is a hard problem and there is no escaping the definition of good values, that is, those that make humans better. This removes the wall between economics and philosophy. If we are to adopt and enact this perspective, then greater discourse and debate on what matters and not just what counts will be useful and even indispensable.

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Herd-Level and Individual Differences in Fecal Lactobacilli Dynamics of Growing Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Emilia König ◽

Virpi Sali ◽

Paulina Heponiemi ◽

Seppo Salminen ◽

Anna Valros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

General Management ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Sampling Points ◽

Sequencing Technique ◽

Piglet Serum ◽

The Difference ◽

Over Time ◽

Fecal Sampling

We studied the fecal lactobacilli count and species diversity of growing pigs along with immune parameters associated with intestinal lactobacilli. Thirty pigs categorized as small (S, n = 12) or large (L, n = 18) at birth were followed from birth to slaughter in two commercial herds, H1 and H2. Herds differed in terms of their general management. We determined sow colostrum quality, colostrum intake, piglet serum immunoglobulins, and pig growth. We took individual fecal samples from pigs in the weaning and finishing units. We studied lactobacilli count and identified their diversity with 16S PCR. Total lactobacilli count increased in H1 and decreased in H2 between samplings. Lactobacilli species diversity was higher in H1 in both fecal sampling points, whereas diversity decreased over time in both herds. We identified altogether seven lactobacilli species with a maximum of five (one to five) species in one herd. However, a relatively large proportion of lactobacilli remained unidentified with the used sequencing technique. Small pigs had higher lactobacilli counts in both herds but the difference was significant only in H2 (p = 0.01). Colostrum quality was numerically better in H1 than in H2, where colostrum intake tended to be associated with total lactobacilli count (p = 0.05).

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152. Applying A Difference-in-Difference Analysis to Assess Effect of Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies on Changes in Antimicrobial Use

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S86-S86

Author(s):

Ann F Chou ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Makoto M Jones ◽

Christopher J Graber ◽

Matthew B Goetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Clinical Pharmacist ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Feedback Mechanism ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Time Points ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background About 30–50% of inpatient antimicrobial therapy is sub-optimal. Health care facilities have utilized various antimicrobial stewardship (AS) strategies to optimize appropriate antimicrobial use, improve health outcomes, and promote patient safety. However, little evidence exists to assess relationships between AS strategies and antimicrobial use. This study examined the impact of changes in AS strategies on antimicrobial use over time. Methods This study used data from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare Analysis & Informatics Group (HAIG) AS survey, administered at 130 VA facilities in 2012 and 2015, and antimicrobial utilization from VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Four AS strategies were examined: having an AS team, feedback mechanism on antimicrobial use, infectious diseases (ID) attending physicians, and clinical pharmacist on wards. Change in AS strategies were computed by taking the difference in the presence of a given strategy in a facility between 2012–2015. The outcome was the difference between antimicrobial use per 1000 patient days in 2012–2013 and 2015–2016. Employing multiple regression analysis, changes in antimicrobial use was estimated as a function of changes in AS strategies, controlling for ID human resources in and organizational complexity. Results Of the 4 strategies, only change in availability of AS teams had an impact on antimicrobial use. Compared to facilities with no AS teams at both time points, antibiotic use decreased by 63.9 uses per 1000 patient days in facilities that did not have a AS team in 2012 but implemented one in 2015 (p=0.0183). Facilities that had an AS team at both time points decreased use by 62.2 per 1000 patient days (p=0.0324). Conclusion The findings showed that AS teams reduced inpatient antibiotic use over time. While changes in having feedback on antimicrobial use and clinical pharmacist on wards showed reduced antimicrobial use between 2012–2015, the differences were not statistically significant. These strategies may already be a part of a comprehensive AS program and employed by AS teams. In further development of stewardship programs within healthcare organizations, the association between AS teams and antibiotic use should inform program design and implementation. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Are We Closer to International Consensus on the Term ‘Food Literacy’?: A Systematic Scoping Review of Its Use in the Academic Literature (1998–2019)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2006

Author(s):

Courtney Thompson ◽

Jean Adams ◽

Helen Anna Vidgen

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

International Agency ◽

Original Research ◽

International Consensus ◽

Food Literacy ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Review Articles ◽

Article Type ◽

Definition Of ◽

Over Time

(1) Background: The term ‘food literacy’ has gained momentum globally; however, a lack of clarity around its definition has resulted in inconsistencies in use of the term. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a systematic scoping review to describe the use, reach, application and definitions of the term ‘food literacy’ over time. (2) Methods: A search was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in seven research databases without any date limitations up to 31 December 2019, searching simply for use of the term ‘food literacy’. (3) Results: Five hundred and forty-nine studies were included. The term ‘food literacy’ was used once in 243 articles (44%) and mentioned by researchers working in 41 countries. Original research was the most common article type (n = 429, 78%). Food literacy was published across 72 In Cites disciplines, with 456 (83%) articles from the last 5 years. In articles about food literacy (n = 82, 15%), review articles were twice as prevalent compared to the total number of articles (n = 10, 12% vs. n = 32, 6%). Fifty-one different definitions of food literacy were cited. (4) Conclusions: ‘Food literacy’ has been used frequently and broadly across differing article types and disciplines in academic literature internationally. However, agreement on a standardised definition of food literacy endorsed by a peak international agency is needed in order to progress the field.

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Identity, Community and Belonging in gcc States

Sociology of Islam ◽

10.1163/22131418-00604004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 401-428

Author(s):

Miriam R. Lowi

Keyword(s):

Religious Affiliation ◽

Protective Role ◽

The Other ◽

National Project ◽

Scholarly Literature ◽

National Community ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of

Studies of identity and belonging in Gulf monarchies tend to privilege tribal or religious affiliation, if not the protective role of the ruler as paterfamilias. I focus instead on the ubiquitous foreigner and explore ways in which s/he contributes to the definition of national community in contemporary gcc states. Building upon and moving beyond the scholarly literature on imported labor in the Gulf, I suggest that the different ‘categories’ of foreigners impact identity and the consolidation of a community of privilege, in keeping with the national project of ruling families. Furthermore, I argue that the ‘European,’ the non-gcc Arab, and the predominantly Asian (and increasingly African) laborer play similar, but also distinct roles in the delineation of national community: while they are differentially incorporated in ways that protect the ‘nation’ and appease the citizen-subject, varying degrees of marginality reflect Gulf society’s perceptions or aspirations of the difference between itself and ‘the other(s).’

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