scholarly journals Indicators of occupational traumatism and mortality in employees of Russian State Fire Service (1996–2015)

2018 ◽  
pp. 05-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
E. V. Bobrinev ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
V. I. Sibirko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
General Level ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Russian State ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
High Level

Relevance.Profession of firefighters is considered to refer to extreme activities, which have high risks of health disorders, injuries and even death.Intention– to analyze occupational traumatism and deaths from injuries in Russian State Fire Service (SFS) (1996–2004) and the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia (2005–2015) employees for 20 years and to compare these data with the indicators of Russian workers.Methods.Information on occupational traumas and deaths of employees and response personnel of Russian SFS was gathered. The annual number of examined firefighters of special military ranks (officer, warrant officer, sergeant, common soldier) was (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, which was not less than 80 % of personnel of Russian SFS. The levels of occupational injuries, deaths from occupational injuries of Russian workers, mortality in the XIX Chapter of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, 10th edition (ICD-10) of men of working age in Russia were received from the official website of the Federal Agency for Statistics. Database «FDB «Fires» was used for the distribution of fires in Russia over time periods. The dynamics of indicators of health disorders of firefighters and of fire distribution was evaluated by the method of time series analysis, which used a polynomial trend of the 2nd order.Results and Discussion.The average annual level of occupational traumatism in 20 years (1996–2015) in Russian SFS staff amounted to (3.795 ± 0.390)‰, in response staff for 1999–2015 – (5.295 ± 0.644)‰. The level of occupational traumatism among Russian workers during these periods was (3.410 ± 0.351) and (3.000 ± 0.318)‰ respectively, which is significantly less than that of the response personnel (p < 0.05). A positive statistically significant relationship between the number of injuries and combat performances (r = 0.51; p < 0.05), the number of injuries and accident rate in the staff of Russian SFS with the complexity of fire-fighting tasks and number of use of personal respiratory protection (r = 0.53 and r = 0.46, respectively, p < 0.05). The cyclical nature of risks of traumatism in response staff of Russian SFS, depending on hours of the day, days of the week and months of the year, due to the nature of combat performance and other professional factors was found. This phenomenon requires additional research. The mortality rate of SFS staff from occupational injuries in 1996–2015 was (0.125 ± 0.011)‰, response personnel – (0.149 ± 0.014)‰. The mortality rate of Russian workers was statistically significantly less (0.116 ± 0.007)‰ compared to the response personnel (p < 0.05). There are decreases in occupational traumatism and deaths from occupational injuries in SFS staff and Russian workers.Conclusion.In general, level of occupational traumatism and mortality from occupational injuries in employees and response personnel of the Russian SFS can be comparable with level revealed among the Russian workers. It indicates, on the one hand, the effective organizational and technological measures for the prevention of occupational injuries and the death of firefighters, and, on the other hand, high level of occupational traumatism of the Russian workers.

scholarly journals MEDICAL AND STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF MORTALITY IN EMPLOYEES OF RUSSIAN STATE FIRE SERVICE (1996–2015)

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
E. V. Bobrinev ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
N. A. Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Relevance. Russia has high mortality rates in general and among the working-age population, with dominating effects of external causes.Intention– To study rates and structures of the medical-statistical indicators of mortality due to diseases and the effects of external causes in the employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia over 20 years from 1996 to 2015.Methods.Annual population under study averaged (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, or about 80% of all the employees of the State Fire Service of Russia who had special military ranks. Operating staff comprised 53.4%, other employees – 46.6%. Mortality rates were calculated per 100 thousand employees of the State Fire Service of Russia. Data on the mortality of working-age men in Russia was obtained on the website of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) [http://www.gks.ru/]. The unification of accounting and analysis of indicators was achieved using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, the 10th revision (ICD-10). Results and Discussion. Mortality rate among employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia in 1996–2015 was (116.9 ± 5.7) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs 11 times higher mortality rate among the working-age male population of Russia: (1063.9 ± 33.7) deaths per 100 thousand men (p < 0.001). The mean age of the deceased employees of the State Fire Service of Russia was (44.5 ± 0.3) years, with overall mean age (36.9 ± 1.6) years (p < 0.001). The leading causes of death among employees of the State Fire Service of Russia (from more to less significant) were injuries and other effects of external causes (ICD-10 chapter XIX), diseases of the circulatory system (chapter IX) and neoplasms (II), diseases of the digestive system (XI) and diseases of the respiratory system (X). Mortality rates from these causes per 100 thousand employees per year amounted to (63.3 ± 33.7), (32.6 ± 2.7), (7.1 ± 0.6), (5.3 ± 1.0) and (5.0 ± 0.9) deaths; in cause-of-death structure – 54.2, 27.9, 6.0, 4.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The mortality rate from suicide among working-age Russian men was 6.4 times higher than that of firefighters – (66.0 ± 4.1) and (10.3 ± 1.1) deaths per 100 thousand men, respectively. However, in the overall cause-of-death structure, this cause accounted for a larger share in employ ees of the Russian State Fire Service (6.2 vs 8.8%). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found when comparing occupational fatalities among the operating personnel of the State Fire Service of Russia and working population in Russia: (14.9 ±1.4) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs (11.6 ± 0.7) deaths per 100 thousand workers per year. Mortality rates of firefighters were calculated in the Federal districts and regions of Russia. For a number of causes of death in firefighters, there is a significant contribution of occupational factors, which require further research.Conclusion.There is a low alertness for identifying neoplasms and crisis conditions in firefighters. Focusing on the leading diseases, behavioral disorders, prevention of injuries, poisoning and other effects of external causes will improve health and reduce mortality of employees of the State Fire Service of Russia.Authors declare the absence of existing and potential conflicts of interest concerning the article publication. 

scholarly journals Analysis of indicators of primary disability in employees of the federal fire service of emercom of Russia and the population of Russia aged 18–44 from 2006 to 2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov ◽  
E. V. Bobrinev ◽  
N. A. Mukhina
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Primary Disability ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
External Causes

Relevance. Extreme activities of firefighters contribute to the deterioration of health or even death. Increased morbidity and injuries of firefighters are associated with persistent health impairments and disability.Intention. To analyze disability rates and cause-of-disability structure in employees of the Federal Fire Service of Russian EMERCOM and in Russian young population (18–44 years) over 10 years, from 2006 to 2015.Methodology. The average annual number of examined employees of the FFS of the EMERCOM of Russia was (99.3 ± 5.6) thousand people, i. e. at least 80% of the personnel of the FFS of the EMERCOM of Russia with special military ranks. Cases were identified and disability was calculated per 10 thousand employees of the FFS of EMERCOM of Russia. Causes of disability were classified via the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, the 10th revision (ICD-10) and disability indicators were compared to that of a cohort of the population of young working age (18–44 years), according to the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of the Ministry of Labor of Russia (Moscow).Results and Discussion. Newly recognized disability cases averaged (15.98 ± 0.99) per 10 thousand employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia vs (25.51 ± 1.19) cases per 10 thousand population of Russia aged 18–44 (1.6-fold; p <0.001). Mean age of employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia with disability was (37.8 ± 0.7) years. The main causes of disability in firefighters were circulatory system diseases (ICD-10 chapter IX), injuries, poisonings and other effects of external causes (chapter XIX), neoplasms (II), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (ICD-10 chapter XIII), diseases of the digestive system (XI). Disability rates due to these causes per 10 thousand employees per year were 4.58 ± 0.59, 1.80 ± 0.17, 1.66 ± 0.20, 1.63 ± 0.24 and 1.12 ± 0.26, respectively; in the structure of disability causes – 28.7, 11.3, 10.4, 10.2 and 7.0%, respectively.Compared with the population of Russia aged 18–44, in employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia a significantly greater contribution to disability was identified for circulatory system diseases (ICD-10 chapter IX), respiratory diseases (X) and diseases of the digestive organs (XI), a smaller one – for some infectious and parasitic diseases (I), neuropsychiatric disorders (V + VI), injuries, poisoning and other external influences (XIX). Meanwhile, the proportion of Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (ICD-10 chapter XIX) in cause-of-disability structure increases.Conclusion. Disability rates in employees of the Federal Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia were statistically significantly lower than in the population of Russia aged 18–44 years. On one hand, this suggests optimal work strategies in firefighters, on the other – high disability rates among the adult population of Russia. For a number of causes of disability in firefighters, there is a significant contribution of occupational factors, which require further research. 

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

On priority development of knowledge economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
A.G. Aganbegyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Main Component ◽  
High Level

A.G. Aganbegyan considers the knowledge economy as the main component of human capital. He analyzes certain areas of the knowledge economy (R&D, healthcare and education) by comparing relevant results demonstrated by Russian regions with similar indices reported for other countries. The article points out positive and negative aspects, e.g. high level and quality of education v. low efficiency of its application; lower cancer mortality rate and particularly child mortality rate v. high mortality from cardiovascular disease among working-age population, etc. Major causes of negative phenomena include insufficient funding of the public sector and inefficient administration. In order to remedy the situation, the author recommends the development of a new federal budget, transition to national economic planning and adjustment of national projects.

scholarly journals Acute postoperative perforated ulcers of the small bowel as a topical problem of modern surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
V. P. Zemlyanoy ◽  
A. B. Singaevskiy ◽  
D. V. Gladyshev ◽  
N. M. Vryblevskiy ◽  
E. M. Nesvit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Topical Problem ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
High Level

The objective is to study acute perforated ulcers of the small bowel, which arise as a complication after operations on the abdominal and pelvic organs.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of patient’s cases whose postoperative period was complicated by the development of acute perforated ulcers of small bowel.Results. Over the past 20 years, the frequency of this complication increased by 8 times. In the structure of primary nosology, various types of oncological diseases prevail (69.4 %), moreover most patients underwent emergency operations. Most often, this complication occurred on the 4–10th day of the postoperative period, and the ulcers were multiple. Among these patients, there was an extremely high mortality rate of 74.2 %.Conclusion. Considering the significant increase in the number of this complication in recent years and the high level of mortality among patients, a detailed study of acute perforated ulcers of the small intestine of the postoperative period is necessary.

scholarly journals Taranto’s long shadow? Cancer mortality shows alarming peaks for specific types in the most polluted city of Italy but also in surrounding towns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roberto Cazzolla Gatti ◽  
Alena Velichevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Effects ◽  
The City

AbstractA national-scale study in Italy showed an incidence of cancer higher in the territories indicated as highly polluted compared to the regional average. One of them, the city of Taranto in Apulia (Italy), which is considered one of the most polluted cities in Europe, has numerous industrial activities that impact population health. We studied the epidemiological effects of a high level of pollution produced by the industrial area of Taranto in increasing the mortality rate for some specific cancer types in the city and towns of the two provinces located downwind. We analysed 10-year mortality rates for 14 major types of tumours reported among the residents of Taranto, of 6 surrounding towns, randomly placed within an imaginary cone in the main wind direction from the vertex of the industrial zone of Taranto. Our results confirm our hypothesis that the mortality rate for some specific types of cancer (namely, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukaemia, liver and bladder tumours) are higher than the norm in the municipality of Taranto and we have evidence that other local causes may be implicated in the excess of mortality besides the potential dispersal of pollutants from the industrial area of Taranto. The proximity to the industrial area of Taranto cannot, therefore, explain alone the anomalies detected in some populations. It is likely that other site-specific sources of heavy pollution are playing a role in worsening the death toll of these towns and this must be taken into serious consideration by environmental policy-makers and local authorities.

Ostatni będą pierwszymi? LNG w polityce energetycznej Rosji

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Szymon Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Energy Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
External Energy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Constant State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current condition and development prospects for the Russian LNG sector. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the Russian state, the author chose the realistic paradigm (neoclassical realism), which is useful in the context of showing the relationship between internal structures and external activity of the state. The author argues that Russian expansion in the LNG sector is the result of the lobbying capacity of Novatek – the largest private gas producer in Russia. Although the state budget incurs significant costs related to the implementation of Novatek projects, in particular due to fiscal preferences, it also achieves the possibility of achieving the objectives in external and internal energy policy. Novatek’s expansion increases Russia’s share in external energy markets; at the same time LNG expansion, it is used for internal purposes. Novatek’s dominant position in the LNG sector is confirmed by both already implemented projects and plans for further expansion. The factors favoring Russian expansion are constant state support for Novatek projects, high level of internationalization of implemented projects and favorable forecasts on energy markets. The strong competition between currently dominant LNG producers and the risk of internal competition between Russian exporters are among the key long-term challenges.

scholarly journals Mortality rates, hospital length of stay, and the cost of treating subarachnoid hemorrhage in older patients: institutional and geographical differences

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. E1
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Taylor ◽  
Zhong Yuan ◽  
Warren R. Selman ◽  
Robert A. Ratcheson ◽  
Alfred A. Rimm
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
The Cost

The risk of disability and death and the cost of medical care are particularly high for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who are 65 years of age or older. A retrospective analysis of 47,408 Medicare patients treated over an 8-year period was performed to determine whether a relationship exists between the mortality rate and surgical volume for older patients with SAH. The mortality rate, length of stay in the hospital, and cost of treatment for patients with SAH in California and New York were also compared. The mortality rate was 14.3% for patients with SAH who were 65 years old or older and who were treated surgically in hospitals in which an average of five or more craniotomies were performed per year; in hospitals averaging between one and five craniotomies annually the mortality rate was 18.4%; and in those averaging less than one such operation per year the rate was 20.5% (trend p = 0.01). There was no difference in the mortality rate for patients in California versus the rate for those in New York. Surgically and medically treated patients, respectively, left the hospital an average of 6.7 and 5.1 days sooner in California than in New York. The unadjusted average reimbursement from Medicare to hospitals for surgically treated patients averaged $1468 more in New York than in California (p < 0.0001), but was equivalent for medically treated patients in the two states. The mortality rate in older patients who are treated surgically for SAH may be inversely correlated with the annual number of craniotomies performed for SAH in patients 65 years of age or older at a given institution. Hospital stays for patients with SAH are significantly shorter in California than in New York.

scholarly journals Shaping of personality of Russian youngsters during the pre-perestroika and post-perestroika periods of development of society

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Vladimir Uryvaev ◽  
Larisa Subbotina ◽  
Anatoliy Karpov ◽  
Ivan Senin ◽  
Aleksandr Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
General Level ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Voluntary Regulation ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
High Level

Introduction – socio-political and socio-economic changes in society largely define a developing personality. Goal – to conduct a psycho-diagnostic evaluation of the changes in basic personal characteristics of young students in the context of Russian society development. Results: the comparison of two groups of medical student (both groups are identical: the second course, the department of general medicine, Yaroslavl State Medical University). Testing of 1992 (n = 243) and 2016 (n = 197) using the 16-PF Questionnaire and the POI reveals two main tendencies. The first tendency is the increase of the general level of tension (the 16-PF scales: C, I, O, Q4 – all the quantitative indices have increased, p < 0.01, Student's t-test). The second tendency is a significant growth of the efficiency of personal characteristics providing self-regulation and voluntary behaviour (the 16-PF scales: E, G, H, Q3 are analogous to the first tendency; the SAV scale of the POI also reports a growth with high statistical values). Discussion: the respondents from the first group were born in 1972–1973. Prenatal maturation, babyhood, junior school, and early adolescent age took place in the epoch of a high degree of stability and succession in the development of society. The respondents from the second group were born in 1998–1999. The samples are separated by a generation. The second group (2016 testing) reports a high level of neuro-psychic tension during socio-psychological adaptation and, consequently, the growth of efforts in developing voluntary regulation of social behavior. Evidently, there is value of self-actualization in the new reality.

COST CALCULATION IN PREFABRICATED TIMBER CONSTRUCTION: METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENT AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlagbauer ◽  
Joerg Koppelhuber ◽  
Detlef Heck
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
General Level ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cost Parameters

Cost calculations within the construction industry can be performed at various levels of detail. Starting at a very general level using component-dependent cost parameters (eg: cost per cubic meter of gross volume [€/m]) the calculation can be done in the most detailed method by evaluation the individual cost components (material, equipment and labor) separately for every single task. For the traditional construction operations like masonry or concreting works a lot of information is provided to determine the performance values within a close range. For the field of cross laminated timber (CLT) constructions these substantially basics are not well established yet. The actual calculations are often based on in-house knowledge of timber companies without cross company references. To enhance the calculation basics a modified REFA analysis method (REFA 1984, Schlagbauer, Heck and Hofmann 2011) was conducted to collect on site observation data. The results of the task distribution analysis showed very similar results compared to other construction works on the level activities and interruptions with a mean value of approximately 75 % activities. But at a closer look greater deviations were found as main CLT-tasks have a value of 59% compared to masonry work (38%) or concreting work (51%). This bigger share of main activities within CLT works can especially explained by the high level of prefabrication work but has to be considered within the calculation.

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