scholarly journals Abdominal surgery in autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Erdal Uysal ◽  
◽  
Mehmet Dokur ◽  
Gokturk Maralcan
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mortality

Autoimmune diseases can have a widespread effect throughout the system and can cause high mortality and morbidity, depending on their involvement in the abdominal organs and systems. Most of the abdominal organs are damaged as a result of the direct or/ and indirect effects of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, abdominal surgeries should be performed to eliminate any complications related to these effects. There could be a significant relationship between abdominal surgery and autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases. The aim of this study was to reveal the possible relationship between autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases that cause significant mortality and morbidity. In this way, we further aimed at increasing the awareness of clinicians on this subject, along with providing them with the related publications on autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases and abdominal surgery. Taking all these into consideration, autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases can also influence the abdominal organs. The influence may be directly related to the involvement of the organ and system as a result of the autoimmune disease or indirectly related to the influence of the organs and systems. Such influence leading to complications may require urgent or elective abdominal surgery, which can further cause high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, it is significant for all clinicians, especially surgeons, to be aware of the relationship between autoimmune diseases and abdominal surgery. The early detection and treatment of the complications related to the abdominal involvement of autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases could decrease mortality and morbidity.

Predictive autoimmunity using autoantibodies: screening for anti-nuclear antibodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1771-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Pérez ◽  
Boris Gilburd ◽  
Óscar Cabrera-Marante ◽  
Jose A. Martínez-Flores ◽  
Manuel Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Abstract Background: Early detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in asymptomatic subjects is useful to predict autoimmune diseases years before diagnosis. ANA have been determined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells, which is considered the gold standard technique. Multiplex technology (BioPlex ANA Screen) has been introduced for ANA evaluation in recent years. Nevertheless, concordance between BioPlex and IIF is low and there is no harmonization between both methods for detection of autoantibodies. This study has aimed to clarify the clinical significance of autoantibodies detected by BioPlex ANA Screen in subjects with undiagnosed clinical suspicion of autoimmune disease and to determine the predictive value of autoantibodies detected by BioPlex ANA Screen. Methods: A 3-year follow-up study was performed of 411 subjects without a clear diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in whom autoantibodies were detected by BioPlex ANA Screen that were negative by IIF on HEp-2 cells. Results: At 3 years of follow-up, 312 (76%) subjects were positive for autoantibodies by IIF and 99 subjects continued to be negative. A diagnosis of autoimmune disease was found in most of the subjects (87%). Conclusions: BioPlex ANA Screen has greater sensitivity than IIF on HEp-2 cells for autoantibodies detection. Early detection of these antibodies by BioPlex can predict possible development of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy to treat malignancy in patients with pre-existing autoimmunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Boland ◽  
Anna C Pavlick ◽  
Jeffrey Weber ◽  
Sabina Sandigursky
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

In the past 10 years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become an additional pillar of cancer therapy by activating the immune system to treat a number of different malignancies. Many patients receiving ICIs develop immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that mimic some features of classical autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, patients with underlying autoimmune conditions, many of whom have an increased risk for malignancy, have been excluded from clinical trials of ICIs due to a concern that they will have an increased risk of irAEs. Retrospective data from patients with autoimmune diseases and concomitant malignancy treated with ICIs are encouraging and suggest that ICIs may be tolerated safely in patients with specific autoimmune diseases, but there are no prospective data to guide management. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between pre-existing autoimmune disease and irAEs from checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, we assess the likelihood of autoimmune disease exacerbations in patients with pre-existing autoimmunity receiving ICI.

scholarly journals Whole gut virome analysis of 476 Japanese revealed a link between phage and autoimmune disease

2021 ◽  
pp. annrheumdis-2021-221267
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Tomofuji ◽  
Toshihiro Kishikawa ◽  
Yuichi Maeda ◽  
Kotaro Ogawa ◽  
Takuro Nii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Control Comparison ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe relationship between autoimmune diseases and the gut microbiome has been intensively studied, and several autoimmunity-associated bacterial taxa have been identified. However, much less is known about the roles of the gut virome in autoimmune diseases.MethodsHere, we performed a whole gut virome analysis based on the shotgun sequencing of 476 Japanese which included patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects.ResultsOur case–control comparison of the viral abundance revealed that crAss-like phages, which are one of the main components of a healthy gut virome, significantly decreased in the gut of the patients with autoimmune disease, specifically the patients with RA and SLE. In addition, Podoviridae significantly decreased in the gut of the patients with SLE. To understand how these viruses affected the bacteriome, we performed a quantitative virus–bacterium association analysis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-based virus–bacterium interaction analysis. We identified a symbiosis between Podoviridae and Faecalibacterium. In addition, multiple bacterial targets of crAss-like phages were identified (eg, Ruminococcus spp).ConclusionOur data suggest that the gut virome can affect our body either directly or via bacteria. Our analyses have elucidated a previously missing part of the autoimmunity-associated gut microbiome and presented new candidates that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases.

Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Timely Referral

Purpose This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function. Method A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review. Results Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert. Conclusions Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.

Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lozano ◽  
Mahzad Hojjat ◽  
Judith Sims-Knight
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Resilience ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Trait Resilience ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.

Interpersonal Stress and Poor Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette M. Aanes ◽  
Maurice B. Mittelmark ◽  
Jørn Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigated whether the lack of social connectedness, as measured by the subjective feeling of loneliness, mediates the well-known relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. Furthermore, a relationship between interpersonal stress and somatic symptoms was hypothesized. The study sample included 3,268 women and 3,220 men in Western Norway. The main findings were that interpersonal stress was significantly related to psychological distress as well as to somatic symptoms, both directly and indirectly via paths mediated by loneliness. The size of the indirect effects varied, suggesting that the importance of loneliness as a possible mediator differs for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatic symptoms. In the case of depressive symptoms, more than 75% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness, while in the case of somatic symptoms just over 40% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness. This study supports the hypotheses that social connectedness mediates a relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. The study also provides the first link between interpersonal stress, as measured by the Bergen Social Relationships Scale, and somatic symptoms, extending earlier research on the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) KOTA MAKASSAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rezha Pahlawan ◽  
Nurlia Nurlia ◽  
Abdul Rahman Laba ◽  
Erlina Pakki ◽  
Hardiyono Hardiyono
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Water Company ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intervening Variables ◽  
Customer Satisfaction And Loyalty

This study aims to determine the effect of Product Quality and Service Quality on Increasing Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Makassar Municipal Water Company (PDAM) both directly and through intervening variables or indirect effects. This study uses a quantitative approach conducted with the aim to explain the position of the variables studied and the relationship between one variable with another variable. This research will explain the causal relationship between variables through hypothesis testing. In this study, the analysis method used is path analysis using the SmartPLS program. The results of this study found that directly the product quality had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, product quality had a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, service quality had a positive and not significant effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. The indirect effect of this research is product quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty if mediated by customer satisfaction. Service quality also has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty if mediated by customer satisfaction.

Covid-19 and Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ahmed Saad ◽  
Mostafa Alfishawy ◽  
Mahmoud Nassar ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed ◽  
Ignatius N Esene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Viral Illness

Introduction: Over 4.9 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed since the worldwide pandemic began. Since the emergence of COVID-19, a number of confirmed cases reported autoimmune manifestations. Herein, we reviewed the reported COVID-19 cases with associated autoimmune manifestations. Methods: We searched PubMed database using all available keyword for COVID-19. All related studies between January 1st, 2020 to May 22nd, 2020 were reviewed. Only studies published in English language were considered. Articles were screened based on titles and abstract. All reports of confirmed COVID-19 patients who have associated clinical evidence of autoimmune disease were selected. Results: Among 10006 articles, searches yielded, Thirty-two relevant articles for full-text assessment. Twenty studies meet the eligibility criteria. The twenty eligible articles reported 33 cases of confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who developed an autoimmune disease after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. Ages of patients varied from a 6 months old infant to 89 years old female (Mean=53.9 years of 28 cases); five cases had no information regarding their age. The time between symptoms of viral illness and onset of autoimmune symptoms ranged from 2 days to 33 days (Mean of the 33 cases=9.8 days). Autoimmune diseases were one case of subacute thyroiditis (3%), two cases of Kawasaki Disease (6.1%), three cases of coagulopathy and antiphospholipid syndrome (9.1%), three cases of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (9.1%), eight cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (24.2%), and sixteen cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome (48.5%). Conclusions: COVID-19 has been implicated in the development in a range of autoimmune diseases which may shed a light on the association between autoimmune diseases and infections.

External Investigators' Follow-Up Intentions When Whistleblowers Report Healthcare Fraud: The Effects of Report Anonymity and Previous Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Steven E. Kaplan ◽  
Danny Lanier ◽  
Kelly R. Pope ◽  
Janet A. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Medical Provider ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Investigation

ABSTRACT Whistleblowing reports, if properly investigated, facilitate the early detection of fraud. Although critical, investigation-related decisions represent a relatively underexplored component of the whistleblowing process. Investigators are responsible for initially deciding whether to follow-up on reports alleging fraud. We report the results of an experimental study examining the follow-up intentions of highly experienced healthcare investigators. Participants, in the role of an insurance investigator, are asked to review a whistleblowing report alleging billing fraud occurring at a medical provider. Thus, participants are serving as external investigators. In a between-participant design, we manipulate the report type and whether the caller previously confronted the wrongdoer. We find that compared to an anonymous report, a non-anonymous report is perceived as more credible and follow-up intentions stronger. We also find that perceived credibility fully mediates the relationship between report type and follow-up intentions. Previous confrontation is not significantly associated with either perceived credibility or follow-up intentions. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.

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