scholarly journals Comparation of caries detection in deciduous dentition with modified ICDAS index and dmf index in children from 1 to 5 years in Cali.

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Galvis ◽  
Natalia García ◽  
Bibiana Pazos ◽  
Maria Cristina Arango ◽  
Adriana Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
The City

Summary: Objective: The purpose of thisstudy was to compare the caries prevalence using dmf and ICDAS index in children from 1 to 5 yearsin the city of Santiago de Cali, in 2006. Materials and Methods: A database of 929 schoolchildrenbetween 1 to 5 years old, from a sample obtained by cluster sampling method among all socioeconomicstatus schools and day care centers. From the clinical histories obtained by two calibratedexaminers there were analyzed ICDAS and dmf in order to compare caries prevalence. Results: Thecaries prevalence was 63% using ICDAS and 30% with dmf. For dmf the prevalence was greater for thelow socio economical status, while with ICDAS it was greater for the highest socio economicalstatus. Among initial status of carious lesions, 2W was the most prevalent considering the ICDASclassification of lesions. Caries prevalence was lower with dmf than ICDAS. Conclusions: Primarycarious lesions are not detected when dmf is used compared with ICDAS, therefore these lesions wouldnot be treated at the preventive stage of treatment. Key words: Early childhood caries. Dmf.ICDAS.

scholarly journals Caries Prevalence Evolution and Risk Factors among Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Valencia (Spain): Trends 1998–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6561
Author(s):  
Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
Carlos Bellot-Arcís ◽  
José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽  
José Carmelo Ortolá-Siscar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icdas Ii

The aim of this study was to determine the caries status and risk factors in the schoolchildren of Spain’s Valencia region in 2018 and to compare them to the 20-year evolution of caries indicators in the region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1722 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 15 using cluster sampling. Caries status, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) criteria, and sociodemographic variables were recorded. To ensure the comparison with previous studies using WHO caries criteria, the cut-off point was established at ICDAS II code 4. Caries prevalence was found to be 37.4% and the decayed and filled teeth index (dft) was 1.23 at 6 years for deciduous dentition (DD). In permanent dentition (PD) at 12 years, caries prevalence was 30.1% with a 0.66 decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), and at 15 years, prevalence was 44.6% and DMFT was 1.21. Socioeconomic status poses a major risk factor for caries prevalence in deciduous dentition; it is 1.8 times higher in the lowest socioeconomic group. Deciduous dentition status has worsened in the most recent eight-year period, whereas in permanent dentition the 12- and 15-year values are similar to those of the 2010 survey. Evolution analysis suggests that community dental care programs be enhanced, involving preventive activities staring at the first year and targeting disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals Assessment of Solid Waste Disposal in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
C. S. Orakwuemma ◽  
B. O. Onumajuru ◽  
A. S. Opukeme ◽  
L. O. Onaghise
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City

The problem of municipal waste is a challenge of global proportion occasioned by exponentially increasing population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, inefficient utilization of natural resources, lack of citizen awareness regarding the environmentally adequate disposal of waste, consumption, socioeconomic status (lifestyle), and others. This study aimed to assess solid waste disposal practices in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional approach where multi-stage sampling was applied to select the sample communities by a simple random sampling method and the cluster areas for data collection by a cluster sampling method. The study revealed that the residents had a good awareness of 229 (95.4%) of waste management practices. About 86.7% of respondents keep their wastes in the bin while 6.3%, 5.0% and 2.1% practiced burning, throwing into the river or along the roads and keeping in the backyard respectively. Waste collection by the sanitation authority was relatively high (70.4%) in some locations in comparison to areas where wastes were never removed (22.1%). The residents’ attitude towards solid waste disposal was generally good. However, the sanitation level was strongly constrained by limitations on the part of the sanitation authority. The sanitation authority does not cover all areas in the city because of manpower and equipment shortage. Yenagoa is a small city with most areas unplanned and having so many shanties. All wastes in the city are collected without sorting or recycling. The sanitation can be improved if the government would provide at subsidized cost, waste disposal materials such as polythene bags and plastic bins for the residents. More waste collection points should be sited to ease disposal and must be evacuated on a timely basis.

Use Of Tobacco And Related Products In Adolescents Of An English Medium School, Belgaum- A Cross Sectional Questionnaire Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
N Navik ◽  
SS Billur ◽  
MA Tejashiwini ◽  
V Sanglikar ◽  
A Dhyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
The City ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Harmful Effects

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Majority of adults are aware of health hazards of tobacco, children and adolescents continue to get exposed to tobacco and many develop cancer in later years. AIM To document the smoking and tobacco consumption habits in adolescents in an English Medium school of age group between 17-18 years in the city of Belgaum. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire to document the smoking and tobacco consumption among representative sample of 40 adolescent students selected by cluster sampling method. RESULTS In the School, 10% of students were using tobacco and cigarettes, 90% of students were not using them, 92.5% of students were aware of harmful effects of tobacco, supari and smoking, 92.5% of students saw other children using tobacco. CONCLUSION Health education should be given at school level to raise awareness about the use of tobacco, its related products and its consequences.

scholarly journals Evaluating amount of satisfaction for visit capabilities and infrastructures of Gorgan city in separation of touristic entrance regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Ahmad Pour Ahmad ◽  
Bahram Imani ◽  
Zeinab Valizadeh ◽  
Zabihollah Torabi ◽  
Mansour Rezaali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Graphical Output ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multistage Cluster Sampling ◽  
The City

The general aim of this research is evaluating amount of satisfaction for visit capabilities and infrastructures of Gorgan city in separation of touristic entrance regions. This study is applicable and explanatory-analytical method is used for study. Used statistical community is consisting entered tourists from seven touristic regions to Gorgan. In this study, probabilistic multistage cluster sampling method was used. So after calculation of sample numbers by using Kokeran’s formula, some regions were selected as research sample from all of touristic absorptions and questionnaires randomly were distributed among them and then were gathered. Anova test, Danken test and the mean of visitor’s opinions were employed for analysis of data. Also the graphical output of data was depicted through Arc Map software. The findings of research showed that Gorgan tourists have announced unsatisfaction of themselves about capabilities and touristic infrastructures of this city. Nevertheless among different regions there is a meaningful disagreeability. Finally with consideration to operated evaluations about satisfactory condition of tourists related to capabilities and infrastructures of the city for improving situation, suitable solutions have been offered.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Activities in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A National Survey in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Junning Fan ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Jinghe Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
National Study ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

Objective: Few studies have quantified the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on medical providers. This is the first national study to investigate the impact of the pandemic on physicians practicing obstetrics and gynecology in China.Methods: A two-stage, stratified, cluster sampling method was performed based on the city categories (category 1, fewer than 10,000 beds; category 2, 10,000–30,000; and category 3, more than 30,000) and public hospital levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Physicians practicing obstetrics and gynecology reported the relevant changes in their general clinical activities and changes in the management of specific diseases or conditions occurring during the periods that they were most strongly affected. These changes were compared by municipal and hospital characteristics.Results: Questionnaires were collected from a representative sample of 11,806 physicians actively practicing obstetrics and gynecology in 779 hospitals from 157 cities of 31 provinces. Except emergency visits and online consultations, category 3 cities, tertiary hospitals and general hospitals had greater reductions in overall clinical activities than category 1 cities, primary hospitals and specialized hospitals (all adjusted p < 0.05), respectively. The differences also existed in the management of specific diseases and conditions, especially for less urgent conditions, including cervical cancer screening, instructions regarding contraception and miscarriage, and assisted reproduction (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical obstetrics and gynecology activities in China markedly decreased, with significant differences across municipal and hospital characteristics.Trial Registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on July 27, 2020 (NCT04491201).

Seroprevalence of four sexually transmitted diseases in a semi-urban population of Gabon

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bertherat Md ◽  
M C Georges-Courbot Md ◽  
R Nabias Phd ◽  
A J Georges Md ◽  
A Renaut Md
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv 1

Summary: Using the cluster-sampling method, the authors estimated the seroprevalence of 4 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among the sexually active general population in a city of 30,000 inhabitants in the east of Gabon. The seroprevalences were 2% for HIV-1, 13.8% for hepatitis B, 8.6% for Treponema pallidum and 59.6% for Chlamydia trachomatis . The seroprevalences of hepatitis B and chlamydia were stable over time and similar to those registered in other countries of central Africa. On the other hand, the seroprevalence of T. pallidum is notably low in comparison with these countries and seems to be decreasing. The seroprevalence of HIV-1 is also low but has doubled in 8 years in the city. Immigrant women from west Africa were a high-risk group for STDs but more generally, cohabiting was a risk factor for women.

Prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Academic Year

Background and Aims: Temperament is determined as a relatively constant, basic, and innate position that underlies and modifies the expression of activity, emotionality, and sociability among people. The current study aimed to investigate the prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females. Materials and Methods: This correlational study included 250 adolescent females using a cluster sampling method in the academic year of 2018-19 in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were asked to complete Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Dark Triad Scale, and Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale. Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that emotion regulation with beta coefficients was able to predict significant and positive dark personality traits (0.25), narcissism (0.49), Machiavellianism (0.39), psychopathy (0.32), sadism (0.35), and self-destructiveness (0.49) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Directly targeted interventions to regulate emotion may be useful in addressing risky behaviors of adolescents with self-destructive and dark personality traits.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Razak, SE., MS. ◽  
Nirmala Putri Sari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
The City

The aim of this study was to analize the effects of product quality and service quality on the customer satisfaction. This study took place in the City of Bekasi and objects in this study are all customer who use the Matrass GM-9000. Primary data was obtained from customers of Matrass GM-9000 in Bekasi City through admission filling of questionnaire by using scale of Likert. The respondent of this study was chosen through accidental sampling method, and data analysis method was simple linear regression and multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicated that product quality and service quality positively and significant influenced the customer satisfaction

A comparison of soil sampling procedures used to monitor soil fertility in permanent pastures

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Friesen ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Bray 1

Soil testing programs are often brought in disrepute by unexplained variability in the data. The deposition of dung and urine onto grazed pasture brings about marked variation in the chemical status of soils which contributes to this variability. A study was undertaken to compare a range of sampling procedures to estimate Colwell-P, Bray-1 P, bicarbonate K and pH levels in adjacent low and high P status paddocks. The sampling strategies used consisted of 75 by 50 m grids; whole and stratified paddock zig-zag and cluster (monitor plot) samplings. Soil test means for the various parameters did not vary among sampling methods. The number of grid samples required to estimate within 10% of the mean varied from 121 for Bray-1 P down to 1 for soil pH. Sampling efficiencies were higher for cluster sampling than for whole paddock zig-zag path sampling. Stratification generally did not improve sampling efficiency in these paddocks. Soil test means declined as sampling depth increased, but the coefficient of variation remained constant for Colwell-P and pH. The results indicate that cluster sampling (monitor plots) is the most appropriate procedure for estimating the nutrient status of grazed pastures. This sampling method enables a more accurate measure to be taken of the nutrient status of a paddock and should allow more reasonable estimates to be made of the temporal variations in soil test.

scholarly journals Hyperhidrosis: prevalence and impact on quality of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Nishida Hasimoto ◽  
Daniele Cristina Cataneo ◽  
Tarcísio Albertin dos Reis ◽  
Antonio José Maria Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Primary Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Systematic Cluster ◽  
The City ◽  
Impaired Quality

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of primary hyperhidrosis in the city of Botucatu, Brazil, and to evaluate how this disorder affects the quality of life in those suffering from it. Methods: A population survey was conducted in order to identify cases of hyperhidrosis among residents in the urban area of the city, selected by systematic cluster sampling. In accordance with the census maps of the city, the sample size should be at least 4,033 participants. Ten interviewers applied a questionnaire that evaluated the presence of excessive sweating and invited the subjects who reported hyperhidrosis to be evaluated by a physician in order to confirm the diagnosis. Results: A total of 4,133 residents, in 1,351 households, were surveyed. Excessive sweating was reported by 85 residents (prevalence = 2.07%), of whom 51 (60%) were female. Of those 85 respondents, 51 (60%) agreed to undergo medical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and only 23 (45%) were diagnosed with primary hyperhidrosis (prevalence = 0.93%). Of the 23 subjects diagnosed with primary hyperhidrosis, 11 (48%) reported poor or very poor quality of life. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of self-reported excessive sweating was greater than 2%, the actual prevalence of primary hyperhidrosis in our sample was 0.93% and nearly 50% of the respondents with primary hyperhidrosis reported impaired quality of life.

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