scholarly journals Management of the Process of E-Commerce Development in Business on the Example of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Taranenko ◽  
Valentyna Chychun ◽  
Olha Korolenko ◽  
Iryna Goncharenko ◽  
Iryna Zhuvahina
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Process Management ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Trade ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Eu

E-commerce is one of the fastest and most effective ways to trade in e-space. The leading role in the development of the digital economy and e-commerce belongs to the EU countries that use e-commerce to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The main target of e-commerce companies is to ensure the flexibility and adaptability of the e-commerce development management system. Purpose: to research of the state and prospects of e-commerce development in the EU countries, as well as the content and components of e-commerce development process management. Methods: systematization, generalization, comparative analysis, correlation analysis to build a correlation matrix. Results. The state of e-commerce in the EU countries is studied (according to the following indicators: the share of e-commerce in the total retail sales of individual EU countries, the share of the population shopping online, turnover from e-commerce in small businesses in the EU, etc.). A correlation analysis of the main indicators used to assess the market of electronic trade in the EU, the results of which proved that there is a direct relationship between the dynamics of these indicators and the dynamics of operating profits of enterprises in the EU.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX ECONOMIC REFORMS IN EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
I. Marekha ◽  
V. Myrhorodska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce systematic and effective tax eco-reforms in the context of resource-oriented economic development by the European Union countries. The performance and effectiveness of the reforms are estimated in relation to the main four groups of environmental taxes: energy taxes, pollution taxes, resource taxes and transport taxes. The macroecological policy of the European Union countries is the object of the undertaken analysis. The article examines the impact of macroeconomic factors on environmental taxes across the EU, using a correlation analysis toolkit. Four groups of macroeconomic parameters were selected for analysis: internal macroeconomic factors (nominal GDP, real GDP, inflation, business cycle stage, budget deficit, energy consumption level); external macroeconomic factors (government debt, exports, foreign direct investments); institutional macroparameters (environmental culture, shadow economy, trust in government) and fiscal macroparameters (tax culture and fiscal freedom). The economic interpretation of the obtained correlates is given. Based on the correlation analysis, stimulators and de-stimulators of tax environmental reforms across the EU were identified. It is established that the factors that positively influence on the tax environmental reforms are the overwhelming majority of the analyzed factors. The formation of indicators of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms is undertaken for six countries of the Community. In particular, the analysis covers three economic leaders (Germany, the United Kingdom and France) and three leading EU countries in the field of environmental tax collection (Latvia, Greece and Slovenia). The article presents approaches to improving the assessment of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms based on the consideration of fiscal (budget-filling) and reproductive (multiplicative) functions of environmental taxes. In this regard, the environmental tax multiplier and accelerator, as well as the GDP elasticity coefficient for environmental taxes, were calculated for the analyzed group of countries. The criteria of economic efficiency of tax eco-reforms are proposed. Keywords: environmental taxes, macroeconomic effect, macro-environmental policy, multiplier, accelerator, elasticity

scholarly journals Foreign Trade Relations of Ukraine with the EU Countries: State, Trends and Development Priorities

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
I. Mytsenko ◽  
◽  
M. Sukhomlyn ◽  
O. Yurchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Eu

In modern conditions, the involvement degree of any country in the international economic relations is determined to a significant extent by the state of its foreign trade activities. For Ukraine, the European Union is a key trading partner. The signing of the Association Agreement with the EU provided Ukrainian producers with the opportunity to increase their presence in European markets, but at the same time it was accompanied by a number of problems and risks. The main ones are tariff quotas and high technical barriers to entry into the EU market. This study aims to analyze the state and development trends of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU under the conditions of the Association Agreement and the resulting benefits and risks for domestic producers and, on this basis, substantiate the priorities of deepening these relations, taking into account national interests as a prerequisite for increasing the competitive economy of Ukraine. It was found that Ukraine has the potential to enhance export opportunities in general and with the European Union in particular. Amendments to the Association Agreement, the signing of the ACAA Agreement is a necessary institutional framework, a driver that will allow Ukraine to intensify, deepen and diversify its trade activities with the EU countries. It was revealed that raw materials prevail in the structure of Ukraine's merchandise exports to the EU, however, compared to 2013, its share has significantly decreased - by 14.3%. The structure of Ukraine's merchandise imports from the EU is more diversified, it is based on engineering and pharmaceutical products, as well as mineral products, polymer materials and plastics. The share of these products in the total volume of Ukraine's merchandise imports during 2013-2020 remains high and ranges from 54-56 %. Such trends testify to the import dependence of the Ukrainian economy and require an urgent solution. Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that machinery-producing industries are promising from the point of view of further increasing the export opportunities of Ukraine to the EU. To support and develop them, it is proposed to carry out systematic and systematic measures, taking into account the obligations that Ukraine assumed by signing the Association Agreement with the EU. Special economic zones, science parks, technology parks and clusters are considered as tools to support the export potential of domestic engineering and the economic potential of the national economy. The effectiveness of these structures has been confirmed by numerous studies and successful international experience.

scholarly journals The current state of investment and financial cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Tetiana Rybakova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Eu

Relevance of research topic. Nowadays the Ukraine's relations with the European Union are extremely important. European integration for Ukraine is a strategic choice for the future, and it makes a great influence on the place and role of the state in the new system of international relations, including economic, monetary and financial ones. Formulation of the problem. Ukraine's reform agenda is comprehensive and requires significant financial resources that cannot be raised solely from domestic sources. This determines the importance of attracting foreign funds, including those from the EU as a strategic partner of Ukraine, as well as the creation of a favourable investment climate and therefore the intensification of foreign investment. Analysis of recent research and publications. In the background of Ukraine's European integration intentions, a significant number of scientists study the problems and prospects of investment and financial cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. This cooperation is the subject of constant monitoring by European government agencies and central executive bodies of Ukraine as well. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. In the conditions of unstable global political and economic environment, new challenges in the region and the extreme dynamism of investment and financial processes, it is necessary to conduct the research reflecting the current state of investment and financial cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Highlighting the state of investment and financial cooperation between Ukraine and the EU at the current stage of Ukraine's European integration. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, statistical method, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper describes the political background for investment and financial cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. The analysis of foreign direct investments in Ukraine by countries of origin and by areas of attraction is carried out; the dynamics of direct investments from EU countries in Ukraine's economy for 2010-2019 is described. The current state of application of the valid instruments of investment and financial support given to Ukraine by the EU is analyzed. The areas of priority attention in the process of implementing reforms in terms of attracting the investment from the EU are identified. The field of application of results. Research of Ukraine’s European integration problems, educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses “International Economics”, “Global Economics”, “Finance”). Conclusions according to the article. The EU sustainable financial support covers many sectors of the economy and public life in Ukraine, including agriculture, infrastructure, transport and energy, small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as democratic reforms, overcoming the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, research and innovation, the environment, support for military conflict victims, etc. The EU supports Ukraine through various instruments, including macro-financial assistance, the European Financial Institutions (EBRD and the EIB), bilateral support from EU member states, the EU External Investment Plan, the European Neighbourhood Instrument, and the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace. The volumes of EU foreign direct investment in Ukraine still remain low, and their structure by country of origin is not optimal. It is important for Ukraine to attract investments from the most developed EU countries, which is possible only if an attractive investment climate is formed, and the rule of law and the fight against the corruption are ensured.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF UKRAINIAN MIGRANTS’ ACTIVISM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Different approaches to defining and evaluating the institutionalization of civic activism are considered. The data of original researches in which the author and colleagues conducted a survey of civically active Ukrainian youth in the EU countries were analyzed (in-depth interviews were used). Ukrainian youth activists operating in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland and the Czech Republic were the respondents. Based on this study, the current state of institutionalization of Ukrainian activism in various EU countries is analyzed. It has been found that the work of migrant associations is diverse and is usually based on the enthusiasm or interest of activists, which leads to flexibility, proximity to the needs and beliefs of the communities concerned, but does not guarantee a high level of sustainability. Also, the data obtained indicates the formal recognition at the state level of the relevant organizations, which means compliance with a number of requirements of the authorities of the host country. Interaction with the state institutions and local self-government of both host country and Ukraine in the course of project activities is typical, which shows another aspect of the process of institutionalization of Ukrainian migrants’ activism. An important feature of activism is the «mobilization» approach, which is characterized by the activities of small organizations that unite a wider circle of less active supporters and mobilizes them at certain times. It is revealed that the current state of institutionalization of Ukrainian activism in the EU indicates both positive features (flexibility and compliance with the requests of communities or individuals in need of assistance; taking into account the current situation in Ukraine) and negative (dependence on the initiative of individual activists, relative unpredictability of activities as well as results).

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

The state of democracy in the European Union in scenarios: federation, empire and Europe à la carte

2016 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu ◽  
A La Carte

The aim of the article is to present possible scenarios on maintaining democracy in the EU, while assuming different hypothetical directions in which it could develop as a federation, empire and Europe à la carte. Selected mechanisms, norms and values of the EU system that are crucial for the functioning of democracy in the European Union are the subject of this research. The abovementioned objective of scenario development is achieved through distinguishing the notions of policy, politics and polity in the research. In the analysis of the state of democracy in the European Union both the process (politics) and the normative approach (policy) have been adopted. The characterised norms, structures, values and democratic procedures in force in the EU will become a reference point for the projected scenarios. The projection refers to a situation when the existing polity transforms into a federation, empire or Europe à la carte. The article is to serve as a projection and is a part of a wider discussion on the future of the basis on which the European Union is build.

The Development of Slovenia in the European Union: Social Aspects

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Iryna Butyrska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The author proves that the successful stability of independent Slovenia contributed to a number of factors, existing since its being incorporated in the SFRY. The factor, uniting the state has become the common goal – the aspiration to join the EU. The process of the European integration contributed to the modernization of a number of spheres, in particular social, cultural and economic ones. The global financial and economic crisis has revealed the turmoil in the economy of the state and its leadership was forced to gradually reduce a significant part of social privileges for the population. This caused the tension in the society and reduced the level of the national unity, having a negative impact on people’s wellbeing. However, since 2014, the Prime Minister M. Cherar has been trying to restore people’s trust in the state. The situation is getting better; indicators of trust in government are increasing, which also points to state capacity and political regime stability in Slovenia. Keywords: Slovenia, state stability, social sphere, government

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT (NOT TAX) OF THE ECONOMY IN THE EU COUNTRIES DUE TO THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Anzhelika L. Gendon ◽  
◽  
Galina F. Golubeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Euro Pean ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Positive Factor ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the financial support (not tax) of the economy in the EU countries due to the pandemic. A comprehensive vision of the situation and strategic planning are the foundation of the Euro-pean Union's economic policy. These qualities help to develop comprehensive measures to stabilize the labor market and entrepreneurship in the countries of the European Union in the context of a global emergency. A positive factor is also the fact that in an epidemic situation, political decisions of various states are aimed at introducing socially oriented measures that support their citizens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document