scholarly journals Re-excavation of Dabangay, a mid-Holocene settlement site on Mabuyag in western Torres Strait

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Wright ◽  
Peter Hiscock ◽  
Ken Aplin
Keyword(s):  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Site Disturbance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
Stone Artefact

The discovery and initial excavation of Dabangay in 2006 established a 7200 year chronology for human settlement on Mabuyag (Mabuiag) in western Torres Strait. This was one of only two Torres Strait sites to pre-date 4000 years ago, providing a rare opportunity to study human activities spanning the mid-to-late Holocene. Remarkable organic preservation and a large mid-Holocene stone artefact assemblage provided insights into long-term continuity and change in lithic technologies and economic strategies; however, results remained preliminary owing to uncertainties about site disturbance. This paper presents results from a second field season of excavations at Dabangay. We suggest chronological association between emerging lithic technologies and altered subsistence practices. Large marine vertebrate bone (present in small quantities from initial settlement), increased after 4200 years ago coincident with increased preference for production of quartz bipolar flakes. A further development after 1800–1600 years ago involved a substantial increase in large and small marine vertebrates and a further increase in the ratio of quartz to igneous lithics.

scholarly journals Applications, challenges, and needs for employing synthetic biology beyond the lab

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra M. Brooks ◽  
Hal S. Alper
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Autonomous Function ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Probiotic Delivery

AbstractSynthetic biology holds great promise for addressing global needs. However, most current developments are not immediately translatable to ‘outside-the-lab’ scenarios that differ from controlled laboratory settings. Challenges include enabling long-term storage stability as well as operating in resource-limited and off-the-grid scenarios using autonomous function. Here we analyze recent advances in developing synthetic biological platforms for outside-the-lab scenarios with a focus on three major application spaces: bioproduction, biosensing, and closed-loop therapeutic and probiotic delivery. Across the Perspective, we highlight recent advances, areas for further development, possibilities for future applications, and the needs for innovation at the interface of other disciplines.

scholarly journals Sustaining Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: Establishing a Conceptual Model Including COVID-19 Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5418
Author(s):  
Nashwan M. A. Saif ◽  
Jianping Ruan ◽  
Bojan Obrenovic
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Conceptual Research

The conceptual research aims to identify antecedents conducive to bilateral trade during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the relevance of bilateral trade for foreign policy and economy studies, there is a need for a renewed framework in times of extreme economic instability. As international commerce is essential for improving the country’s economy, we have examined how economic distance, population, trade percentage of GDP, exchange rate, and political changes interconnect and relate to COVID-19, influencing trade flows. This conceptual paper illustrates the likely impact of COVID-19 on international trade by exploring pandemics’ effects on standard trading parameters such as GDP, distance, policy stability, and population. We model the resulting shock as a multifaceted variable reflected in capital underutilization, manufacturing output decline, international trade costs inflation, production costs inflation, decrease in demand for certain services and shift from everyday needs towards activities that exclude the proximity between people, e.g., proclivity towards virtual market products. The sudden decrease in GDP and bilateral trade, as well as FDI, is amplified by further development of pandemics’ long-term consequences. We take COVID-19 to be a technological, financial, and policy shock significantly influencing international trade and economic development and argue that it will have a varying impact on diverse sectors and economies. The paper offers preliminary insight into the pandemic-related economics that are unfolding and deduce recommendations on positive changes in trading policy to fully leverage on arising trading opportunities and point to potential research directions.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Hospitality Industry in Greece and Its Treasured Santorini Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7906
Author(s):  
Nikola Medová ◽  
Lucie Macková ◽  
Jaromir Harmacek
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

This paper focuses on the dynamic of the recent upheaval in the tourism and hospitality sector due to the COVID-19 epidemic in Greece and Santorini island. It uses the case study of a country one-fourth of whose GDP consists of tourism. We compare the available statistical data showing the change in variables in the previous years with 2020 and look into the new challenges and opportunities posed by the drop in the numbers of visitors and flights. We focus mainly on the economic and social impact on the destination and possible future scenarios for further development in the area. Data show a significant effect of the pandemic on multiple variables, such as the long-term trend of the importance of tourism sector in GDP in Greece, the number of flights and visitors to Greece and Santorini island, and the contribution of tourism and travel to GDP. Based on the available data, we also construct three foresight scenarios that describe the possible futures for Santorini island in terms of the pandemic evolution. These scenarios may help various stakeholders and policymakers to be better prepared for different developments that may appear.

Fathers’ Migration and Academic Achievement among Left-behind Children in India: Evidence of Continuity and Change in Gender Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832198927
Author(s):  
Kriti Vikram
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skills ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Investments In Education

This article examines the link between paternal migration and children’s arithmetic and reading achievement, using the 2005 and 2012 waves of the national India Human Development Survey (IHDS). Additionally, it investigates if fathers’ migration is associated with increased investments in children’s education and time spent on educational activities. Using propensity score matching, this article finds that fathers’ current and long-term migration, defined as being a migrant in both IHDS waves, is positively associated with children’s education. However, the benefits of paternal migration are experienced more frequently by sons than by daughters. Sons of migrant fathers demonstrate higher reading and arithmetic achievement, benefit from higher education expenditure, and spend more time on educational activities than sons of non-migrant fathers. Daughters of migrant fathers exhibit higher reading skills and receive higher investments in education but are no different from daughters of non-migrant fathers in time spent on educational activities and arithmetic achievement. These results suggest a gendered process at play in remittance utilization, with sons experiencing a more robust remittance effect. Nevertheless, it is promising to note that daughters also gain from the economic and social remittances received by left-behind families in a modernizing India.

scholarly journals A fuzzy set model for assessment of a perspectives level for integration of new materials in industrial enterprise processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00045
Author(s):  
Elena Kasianenko ◽  
Evgenii Konnikov ◽  
Nikita Lukashevich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Process ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Process Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The definition of effective improvement vectors is currently one of the most pressing challenges facing the industry representatives. The transition to the sixth technological mode effectively contributes to competition intensification in all markets of industrial products. This is largely due to the fact that existing process systems are at the peak of their effectiveness. Further development requires qualitative changes. However, the principal improvement is a long-term and high-risk process. For this reason the issue of creating effective models for assessment of the strategic lines of processes improvement becomes increasingly important for industrial enterprises. This article considers in details the vector of industrial enterprise processes improvement based on the integration of new materials. As a result, a model allowing to assess a perspectives level for integration of new materials in industrial enterprise processes is created.

Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Holdaway ◽  
PC Fanning ◽  
DC Witter
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Stone Artefact

Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs

Neural Transplantation

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Lindvall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
And Function ◽  
Further Development

Cell transplantation is now being explored as a new therapeutic strategy to restore function in the diseased human central nervous system. Neural grafts show long-term survival and function in patients with Parkinson's disease but the symptomatic relief needs to be increased. Cell transplantation seems justified in patients with Huntington's disease and, at a later stage, possibly also in demyelinating disorders. The further development in this research field will require systematic studies in animal experiments but also well-designed clinical trials in small groups of patients.

scholarly journals Food resources in the economy and ritual practices of the Northern Mesopotamia population during the transition to the Neolithic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Kornienko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Ritual Practices

The ultimate establishment of the agricultural economy in the central zone of the Fertile Crescent took place in the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB), while the heyday of symbolism, establishing complex social relations among the population of Northern Mesopotamia occur in the era of the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA). In this period, the domestication of any plant species is not yet registered in South-Eastern Anatolia (an area where the long-term intertribal cult center of Gbekli Tepe was found) unlike the neighboring Levant. The paper discusses possible models for the producing economy establishment in the region, analyzes materials suggesting that the ritual practices of the transition period to the Neolithic in some cases could contribute to the emergence and new economic strategies spread on the territory of Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, the comparison of the climatic changes scientific studies results, archeobotanical and archaeozoological collections and material evidence of the development of social and spiritual life from Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic monuments of Northern Mesopotamia shows the coevolution/mutual influence of people and the surrounding natural environment. In our opinion, on the basis of the available data it is impossible to assert the primacy of the symbol revolution in the process of Neolithization in relation to early attempts at plant cultivation.

scholarly journals The Consequential Increase of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse During Covid- Its Causes and Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Oyindrila Basu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
World Order ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Economic Strategies

Covid-19 is not just a virus which is risking human lives everyday, but it is a phenomenon which has inflicted major changes on the long-term global survival and economic strategies. The pandemic has brought about major diversions in the world order, which philosophers and scientists have predicted to occur once in a century’s time. Covid-19 has also affected the personal health, physical and psychological of all human beings. It has forced people to change their social behaviors significantly, which has had consequential effect on their mental health. One significant result of the pandemic is the increased consumption of alcohol and other psychoactive substances among people. As people are forced to lock themselves up inside their homes, some have resorted to exercising, biking, running, and meditation to maintain sanity, while others have boosted their addictive behavior by consuming more alcohol and drugs to make staying-indoors more entertaining. Nielsen has reported a 54% rise in the national consumption of alcohol on the week of March 21st 2020, as compared to the same in 2019. The online sales of alcohol have also risen enormously from 2019 to 2020. The study aims to address the problem of increased alcoholism and substance abuse during Covid-19 by understanding the causes of this rise. The method is based on analysis and comparison of available survey reports, to find out exactly what amount of human consumption has increased during the pandemic. From the findings we can conclude that alcoholism and substance abuse has risen significantly during Covid-19, and psychological distress, anxiety and depression can be some major causes for this abnormal social behavior. It can also be implied that this increased alcoholism is likely to affect the physical health, neural and social behavior, and the work life of many human beings through the pandemic.

scholarly journals Sensors and instruments for oceanic dissolved carbon measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schuster ◽  
A. Hannides ◽  
L. Mintrop ◽  
A. Körtzinger
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Temporal Coverage ◽  
Manual Mode

Abstract. Highly accurate and precise measurements of marine carbon components are required in the study of the marine carbon cycle, particularly when investigating the causes for its variability from seasonal to interannual timescales. This is especially true in the investigation of the consequences of anthropogenic influences. The analysis of any component requires elaborate instrumentation, most of which is currently used onboard ships, either in manual mode or autonomous mode. Technological developments result in more and more instruments that have long-term reliability so that they can be deployed on surface moorings and buoys, whilst the great technological and operational challenges mean that only few sensors have been developed that can be used for sub-surface in situ measurements on floats, robots, or gliders. There is a special need for autonomous instruments and sensors that are able to measure a combination of different components, in order to increase the spatial and temporal coverage of marine carbon data. This paper describes analytical techniques used for the detection of the marine dissolved carbon components, both inorganic and organic: the fugacity of CO2, total dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon. By pointing out advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of the techniques employed in the analysis of each component, we aim to aid non-carbon marine scientists, sensor developers and technologists, in the decision where to tackle the challenges of further development.

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