scholarly journals Main theoretical approaches towards comprehension of the essence of abuse of administrative resources in the electoral process

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Evgenii Andreevich Akunchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Holistic Representation

The object of this research is the abuse of administrative resource as one of the manifestations of corruption crime in the electoral process. Being a multidimensional negative phenomenon, the abuse of administrative resource does not have legal or generally accepted doctrinal definition, which impedes the development of the effective system of legal restrictions aimed at protection of electoral relations from such type of corruption. The subject of this research is the scientific works of the experts in sociology, political science, economics, and law that disclose the essential characteristics of the phenomenon in question. The goal lies in the formation of holistic representation on the abuse of administrative resource in the electoral process. The author examines and summarizes the approaches towards the concept of administrative resource proposed in different social sciences; determines the key legal elements of abuse of administrative resources in the electoral process, which reveal its corruption essence; formulates definition of this negative phenomenon. Scientific novelty lies in distinguishing the three independent approaches towards comprehension of administrative resource in the electoral process: socio-political, political-economic, and formal-legal. The absence of apparent contradictions, as well as complementarity of these approaches, allows forming holistic perspective on the administrative resource. Focusing attention on the formal-legal approach, the author concludes that the leading features of abuse of administrative resource in the electoral process in the special subject composition, method of wrongdoing, as well as corruption goal pursued by the actor of electoral process. The original definition of abuse of administrative resource in the electoral process is offered.

scholarly journals Theoretical approaches towards determination of entrepreneurial potential of university students

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Irina Eduardovna Ostrovskaya ◽  
Dina Valer'evna Mukhina ◽  
Ivan Ivanovich Dyakov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Education Research Methodology

Currently the development of entrepreneurial potential of the youth becomes a priority of socioeconomic policy of the country, as well as a strategic vector in modern higher education. The subject of this research is the essence, content and specificity of entrepreneurial potential of university students. The goal consists in the development of theoretical approaches towards determination and clarification of the concept of entrepreneurial potential of students within the system of higher education. Research methodology is based on the systemic, competence, and subject-activity approach, as well as included the methods of theoretical analysis and summarization of the results of scientific research. The authors examine different approaches towards determination of the essence and content of the concepts “entrepreneurial potential” and “entrepreneurial potential of an individual”. A conclusion is made that under the current circumstances the concept of “entrepreneurial potential of a student”, which would reflect the peculiarities of student as a carrier of entrepreneurial potential, does not exist. Being a subject of educational activity, student is engaged in the process of formation of the own entrepreneurial potential. This defined the need to view student’s entrepreneurial potential inseparably from organizational-pedagogical conditions of the process of its formation as educational. The authors present an original definition of the concept of “entrepreneurial potential of a student” with consideration of the determined peculiarities, which can be used for the development of students’ entrepreneurial potential within the system of higher education.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of loneliness among senior citizens: subject of discussion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Svetlana Petrovna Akutina ◽  
Elena Valentinovna Stolyarova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Psychoemotional State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the phenomenon of loneliness among senior citizens. The goal lies in examination of the problems of loneliness among senior citizens. The article reviews such aspects as alienation from the society, feeling useless and helpless; gives the key characteristics of loneliness – assessment of social status, type of inferiority, type of temporal perspective, models of loneliness. The types of loneliness are divided into situational, chronic, recurrent, as well as emotional and social isolation. Research methodology employs the ideas of phenomenological, systemic, and activity approaches in the context of studying the problems of loneliness among senior citizens and effective ways of their solution. The survey revealed that senior citizens quite often feel lonely, which is reflected in the distorted interaction with other people, experiencing psychological problems, difficulties in self-organization, and the need for assistance of the social workers. The author empirically proves that the developed program “Young at Heart”, through creating hobby groups, helps senior citizens to feel needed in the society, improves their psychoemotional state, and allows overcoming loneliness. The article examines the theoretical approaches towards comprehension of the problem of loneliness among senior citizens. The author formulates the original definition of the concept of “loneliness” in the context of socio-psychological aspect, determines the causes of the phenomenon of loneliness among senior citizens within the framework of their interaction with society, develops a questionnaire aimed at studying the factors of socio-psychological loneliness of senior citizens, offers the ways for overcoming loneliness through active social life, such as  creation of the hobby group “Young at Heart”, which includes the three types of activity: leisure and creative-applied, health promotion,  and garden therapy. It is substantiated that maintenance of zest for living among senior citizens would be effective by creating a socially favorable, psychoemotional and health-preserving environment in the society.

scholarly journals Individualization of punishment in accordance with criminal legislation of Spain: concept, rules of formalization (calculation), and doctrinal substantiation (comparative legal research)

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Elena Yurishina
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Spanish Legislation

  This article examines the question of imposition of punishment (pena) and its individualization (individualización) in Spain from the perspective of criminal law theory. The subject of this research is a set of legislative norms, doctrinal interpretations and explanations, contained in interpretational acts of Spain dedicated to the assemblage of mathematical rules of calculation of the term of punishment by combination of certain characteristics of the case (formalization rules in the Russian analogue) and circumstances reluctant to quantitative evaluation (oriented towards the criteria of judicial discretion). The article also presents some theoretical insights into the question of making decision on the punishment and competition between formalization and judicial discretion. Research methodology is based on the formal-legal and comparative methods, which allowed the author to examine Spanish legislation and determined certain analogies with the Russian. The scientific novelty consists in the detailed and systematized description of the rules of formalization of punishment in Spanish legislation, enlarge the capabilities of Russian science with regards to analysis of similarities and differences in legislations of various countries. The author offers the original definition of the institution of assignment of punishment that includes criminal-procedural vector, as well as substantiates an opinion why stringent formalization does not always meet the demands of justice.  

Simply Connected Limits

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paré
Keyword(s):  
Left Adjoint ◽  
Topos Theory ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simply Connected ◽  
Geometric Morphisms ◽  
Exact Categories

The importance of finite limits in completeness conditions has been long recognized. One has only to consider elementary toposes, pretoposes, exact categories, etc., to realize their ubiquity. However, often pullbacks suffice and in a sense are more natural. For example it is pullbacks that are the essential ingredient in composition of spans, partial morphisms and relations. In fact the original definition of elementary topos was based on the notion of partial morphism classifier which involved only pullbacks (see [6]). Many constructions in topos theory, involving left exact functors, such as coalgebras on a cotriple and the gluing construction, also work for pullback preserving functors. And pullback preserving functors occur naturally in the subject, e.g. constant functors and the Σα. These observations led Rosebrugh and Wood to introduce partial geometric morphisms; functors with a pullback preserving left adjoint [9]. Other reasons led Kennison independently to introduce the same concept under the name semi-geometric functors [5].

Remarks on Dionysios Thrax’s concept of ‘Diáthesis’

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kent Andersen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Active Set ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Thematic Relation ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Finite Verb

Summary The purpose of this paper is to present a new interpretation of Dionysios Thrax’s original definition of diáthesis. Diáthesis was regarded as one of seven morphological categories of the (finite) verb of which there were two and only two formal variants, i.e., enérgeia “performance” and páthos “experience” (generally referred to as the active and middle sets of personal endings respectively). Diáthesis was manifested in the personal ending of the verb, whose function was to represent various properties of the ‘subject’, i.e., its person and number as well as its diáthesis “disposition” – or general thematic relation – to the verb. The morpheme for the diáthesis enérgeia “performance” exhibited the active set of personal endings as its ‘form’ and expressed the person and number of the subject as well as the fact that it ‘performed’ the predication as its ‘schematic’ meaning; the morpheme for the diáthesis páthos “experience” exhibited the middle set of personal endings as its ‘form’ and expressed the person and number of the subject as well as the fact that it ‘experienced’ the predication as its ‘schematic’ meaning. Moreover, just as the other Greek (and Roman) grammarians, so too was Dionysios Thrax well aware of instances in which there was a discrepancy between ‘form’ and ‘meaning’. Accordingly, he incorporated such ‘anomalies’ into his definition by mentioning four concrete examples and labeling them with his technical term mesótēs “middle”: the first two examples were active forms which exhibited the meaning of páthos, whereas the second two examples were middle forms which exhibited the meaning of enérgeia.

scholarly journals Vaksin Covid-19: Perdebatan, Persepsi dan Pilihan

Emik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Lula Asri Octafia
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Cultural Defense

The current Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the political, economic, social, cultural, defense and security aspects as well as the welfare of the Indonesian people. Therefore, effective fast steps are needed to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19. One way to prevent transmission of this virus is through vaccination efforts. While the existing literature focuses more on State policies, public responses related to the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, as well as hoax news related to vaccines, the related literature on vaccines and the choice of vaccine if any is still very limited, this article fills that gap. This qualitative research was carried out in Makassar, considering that Makassar is one of the metropolitan cities and many of its people has been vaccinated through Covid-19 vaccination programs. Data was collected using in-depth interview. Informants who participated in this study were people who had and had not carried out the Covid-19 vaccination. With a total of twenty-five people, they vary on the basis of age (between 18 and 29 years), sex (18 women and 7 men), and employment status (ten of them are students, employees, online shop owners, editors, musicians, painters, work odd jobs, and labor). The results show that the emergence of the Covid-19 vaccine has become the subject of public debate, many agreed and not a few refused to be vaccinated. This debate is due to differences in perceptions regarding the definition of the Covid-19 vaccine and the benefits of the vaccine itself. In terms of what type of vacciness they are used, there are three types of vaccines that are popularly used by our participants in this study, namely Sinovac, Astra Zeneca, and Moderna. Apart from the debate about the level of efficacy of each vaccine, the choice of vaccine is related to the level of efficacy, side effects and availability of the vaccine itself. It is argued in this article that whatever the effect of a particular vaccine, as long as the side effect is balanced by its efficacy, then the effect is not an issue.

scholarly journals The concept of civil responsibility of the members of board of directors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Deni Ruslanovich Murdalov
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Civil Responsibility ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Legislation

The object of this research is the definition of the concept of civil responsibility of the board of directors in corporations. The subject of this research is the theoretical positions of different scholars that correlated with the object in question. The author believes that the topic of responsibility of the members of board of directors requires further examination, since case law on this problematic is relatively small, and essence of the topic carries practical, rather than theoretical character. Therefore, special relevance gains definition of the concept of civil responsibility applicable to responsibility of the members of board of directors in corporations. The author offers an original definition of civil responsibility of the members of board of directors in limited liability companies and joint-stock companies; as well as describes financial negative consequences of for violation of responsibilities imposed upon the members of board of directors by corporate legislation and articles of association. A conclusion is made that the definition of responsibility of the members of board of directors is not unique, as in essence similar by content definition can be used with regards to responsibility of any corporate body in the limited liability companies and joint-stock companies respectively.

scholarly journals Various Perceptions of Inclusive School: Q Methodological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Katarína Vančíková ◽  
Barbara Basarabová ◽  
Robert Sabo ◽  
Denisa Šukolová
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Inclusive School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic

Although inclusive education has become a global norm, it cannot be said that there is a universal definition of it. Namely, the ideas of what inclusive education is are formed in a local context under the influence of societal, political, economic and cultural forces. This is confirmed also by results of the research the subject of which was examination of perceptions of inclusive school formed in the Slovak socio-cultural context. The aim of the research was to find out how education actors (teachers, school headmasters, teaching assistants, specialists providing support to pupils, parents) think about the concept "inclusive school". For this purpose, the Q-methodology was used that produced eight various descriptions of inclusive school. They uncovered various contexts in which education actors´ ideas about inclusive school were formed. Some are wider, others refer to socio-cultural specifics of the country; others are more personal, reflecting personal experience, inner beliefs or even projected ideas and desires. The research shows that the pedagogical discourse about inclusive education in Slovakia is not only specific, but also internally variable.   Received: 4 May 2021 / Accepted: 21 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

scholarly journals FOUNDERS OF DOMESTIC BYZANTINE STUDIES. THE RETURN OF FORGOTTEN NAMES IN MODERN HISTORICAL SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Kulykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Byzantine History

The subject of the research is the study of scientific researches of personalities, biographies and creative way of outstanding domestic scientists, scholars of Byzantium in the second half of the 19th – first half of the 20th century, who be-came the founders of Byzantine studies. Research methods. A system of theoretical and empirical research methods was used to study the specific purpose of scientific research and solving problems, namely: historical and pedagogical analysis and syn-thesis, definition of the purpose, subject and tasks, exploration, synthesis of abstrac-tion, comparison, generalization and analogy to clarify the peculiarities of the devel-opment of theoretical approaches underlying the renewal and expansion of the study of Byzantinists and their research on the specified topic; analysis of sources, as well as research materials with the subsequent synthesis of its results into a holistic system of views on this problem; personalistic and biographical method – for the analysis of historical, biographical, reference and encyclopedic literature devoted to historical and pedagogical personalities. The aim of the study is to present to modern historians and all those interested in studying the history of Byzantium, both in Ukraine and abroad, the names of prominent historians of the past and objectively evaluate their work and scientific results in terms of modern international scientific views and approaches. Conclusion. Personalized study of life and scientific and pedagogical heritage of professors and academics of Byzantine studies V. G. Vasilievsky, O. O. Vasiliev, V. E. Regel, Y. A. Kulakovsky, F. I. Uspensky, A. G. Gotalov-Gottlieb gave the opportunity to reveal their fundamental role in the development of domestic Byzantine studies, the establishment of their own scientific schools and areas in scientific and pedagogical activities, created scientific and educational literature on Byzantine history, medieval history and culture, national foreign research institutes, scientific societies, associations and more. The scholars in their monographs and textbooks gave a personal vision of the problem and an interpretation of the expediency and importance of studying the history and culture of Byzantium and the Middle Ages in general. V. G. Vasilievsky, O. O. Vasiliev, V. E. Regel, Y. A. Kulakovsky, F. I. Uspensky, A. G. Gotalova-Gotliba laid the foundation of the national scientific championship. Their names and works are our scientific pride "forgotten", "shot", destroyed or simply unknown today to the general public of modern scientists in Ukraine and abroad. Further research of publications and use of their works and textbooks could become a valuable source for modern researchers of Byzantine history, as well as a discovery and subject for acquaintance for modern foreign researchers.

scholarly journals INCOME AND WEALTH: THEORIZATION OF ESSENCE AND ASYMMETRY OF DISTRIBUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (18(46)) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Tetyana Valigura
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
National Income ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The categories «income» and «wealth» are now at the center of the study of many social sciences and if «income» clearly tends to the field of scientific research of economists and financiers (but is not limited to them), «wealth», is a category in which researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, philosophy and other sciences are no less interested. The interest of a wide range of sciences in the essence of the studied categories reflects social changes taking place in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular. Thus, according to Credit Suisse, the lower half of wealth owners in mid-2019 owned less than 1% of total world wealth, while the richest 10% owned 82% of world wealth, and the richest 1% of owners – 45%. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of the categories «income» and «wealth» and to form a theoretical basis for the asymmetries of their distribution. The article considers the theoretical essence of the categories «income» and «wealth» and reveals the differences between them. The definition of these categories in the reference literature is analyzed, the key features that characterize them are identified and the definition of the categories «income» and «wealth» in accordance with the given features is formulated and substantiated. A graphical interpretation of the asymmetries of the distribution of income and wealth of the population, corporate income and national income and wealth is given. The study showed that the key differences between the categories of «income» and «wealth» is that wealth can take both tangible and intangible expression, and income is only valuable. At the same time, wealth involves owning a large number of goods. By influencing the subject, income improves his material condition, and wealth arises from the assertion of tangible or intangible goods as such in the human mind.

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