scholarly journals The reflection of Russian mentality in proverbs (on the example of proverbs with the semantic component “summer” and “autumn”)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Behavioral Norms ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mental Characteristics

The subject of this research is the interrelation between mentality and language. Mentality is conventionally understood as subconscious, archetypal manifestation of the system of values and attitudes of ethnolinguistic consciousness. National mentality is traced in the process of studying the semantics of idioms and paroemias of the language. The genre of proverbs, due to its semantic peculiarities, is characterized by various means of expression of mental groups, which corresponds to their cognitive-pragmatic status. Idioms and paroemias play the role of representatives of the mental characteristics of the ethos, which contribute to preservation of cultural distinctness and affect the mentality of native speakers, lead to the behavior stereotypical to the Russian culture and allow assessing life situations from the perspective of stereotypes. The main conclusion of the analysis conducted on paremiological units indicates that national mentality traits reflected in proverbs and idioms are associated with certain stereotypes in perception of the surrounding world, assessment of life situations, reconsideration of the essence of the phenomena, response to the ongoing transformations and events. All of the listed above fully corresponds to the main edificatory, didactic function of paroemias and idioms, as well as the key purpose of proverbs – enculturation of a person in the process of familiarizing with behavioral norms and riles, recommendations, dogmas and basic stereotypical models of perception of the surrounding worlds and the phenomena occurring therein.

L1–L2 asymmetry in animacy effects in the processing of Japanese relative clause

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanako Mitsugi ◽  
Yasuhiro Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
First Languages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
English Group ◽  
Processing Difficulty

AbstractUsing self-paced reading, this study investigated the role of head animacy in the processing of Japanese relative clauses (RCs). Second language (L2) learners whose first languages (L1) are English and Korean, and Japanese native speakers participated. The results showed that for native speakers, inanimate heads diminished the processing difficulty associated with object RCs. However, head animacy did not have an effect on L2 processing. The Korean group showed the subject-object asymmetry but no effect of head animacy. The English group did not demonstrate the effect of RC type or head animacy. The overall pattern of these results suggests that L2 learners of Japanese are not guided by syntactic and lexical-semantic information in the same way as Japanese native speakers. These findings are interpreted within the constraint-satisfaction models (MacDonald et al., 1994) and are further discussed in the light of the research concerning the transfer of L1 processing routines.

scholarly journals LEXICAL NOMINATION AS A REFLECTION OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE IN OLD ENGLISH SEAFARING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Natalia Atnabayeva ◽  
Vladimir Baltachev ◽  
Yekaterina Troynikova ◽  
Lilia Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Content Design

The theory that nominative processes extended through centuries to systematic formations of special terminological meanings of professional Old and Middle English marine terminological vocabulary had already been explained in different ways based on an evidential linguistic material. There is no doubt of the historical and philosophical approaches employed to describe the ancient language representation of the native speakers’ world, as well as of the role and degree of their participation in the formation of nominations inclusive of those of ancient seafaring vehicles. Having been referenced repeatedly, both conceptually and through documents, they had confirmed their right to exist.  In several topical articles, terminological units have already been represented by a synonymous series of proper nominations for the seafaring vessels (boats/ships) of various types by respective lexically-organized terms according to their word-formation, structural and content design in the Old and the Middle English. Despite the apparent decline of interest towards the subject of historical nominations in general, and the history of the English Marine language in particular,thereare unsettled challenges in the field. Specifically, more clarity is required regarding the incentives, degree of participation and the role of extralinguistic (human) factor in the history of a vessel-name formation, as well as in the mode of operation of the nominative apparatus for the above marine terms with respect to the of intralinguistic (language) factors involved.

scholarly journals معايير تقييم معلمي اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها

Al-Ma rifah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
عارف بن شجعان العصيمي
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Standards Of Learning ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of this research is to understand and establish criteria for evaluating the performance of the Arabic teacher for non-native speakers. The standards of learning foreign languages ​​and integrating them into the curriculum and its applications in the field of language education. The researcher also pointed to the most important standards in the field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. In order to achieve the objectives set for this study, the researcher followed the descriptive method based on the development of the data required to answer the questions of the study describing the phenomenon under study and derived and analyzed to reach tangible results. The researcher chose this approach because it is comprehensive and provides the researcher with a lot of information about the phenomenon and its relevance to the subject studying. The researcher concluded from this study the results of the most important of which is to prove the role of the educational assessment of the teacher of the Arabic language for non-native speakers and how to achieve the goals of education effectively and strive to provide him with what helps to reflect his ideas abstraction and transfer it to knowledge and planning and application in the best ways to modify the environment of education and the need for educational renewal The need to evaluate the teacher according to basic and functional standards in the educational process such as ACTFI standards, CEFR standards, TESOL standards, Stralah AFMLTA. The need for teaching Arabic language curricula for non-native speakers to the development and activation.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of development of culturology in Russia and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Dan'Dan' Tun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Cultures

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of development of culturology in Russia and China. Based on comparative analysis of the studies dedicated to history, religion, language and mentality of both countries, the author reveals the key characteristics of cultural peculiarities of Russia and Chin. The interest towards this topic is substantiated by the existing cross-cultural contacts between Russia and China at various levels, as well as the factors and role of contiguity of different cultures in the period of globalization and cultural integration. The goal of this research consists in comparative analysis of the peculiarities of development of Chinese and Russian culturology. The author determines the peculiarities of development of the Russian and Chinese cultures, which allows forecasting the future and potential of both. The conclusion  is substantiated that Russian culture bears the traits characteristic to Western civilizations, while Chinese culture is typically Eastern. It is established that the peculiarities of development of culturology in Russia are closely related to education, and thus are of integrative nature (a combination of philosophical, sociological and psychological positions). The specifics of culturology in China is reflected in the fact that it is based on the ideas of Marxism, Neo-Confucianism and axiology. The conducted research contains the scientific novelty, since many scholars justifiably place emphasis on the cross-cultural dialogues. Namely these processes contribute to deepening the existing knowledge on peculiarities of Russian and Chinese cultures.

scholarly journals Рortuguese phraseological units containing food names

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Р. А. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
National Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The People ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Selection Of

 The article discusses the semantics of the phraseological units of the Portuguese language, which have a component from the thematic group “food”. The relevance of studying this group of phraseological units, which until now has not been the subject of a separate research in Russian Portuguese studies, is due to the fact that food, for natural reasons, is an important part of the cultural code of the people, the clue of which, in turn, is hidden in the national language. The research methodology meets the goal of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the semantics of phraseological units; in this regard the work uses the methods of lexical-semantic, component, quantitative and comparative analysis, the method of linguistic description in combination with cultural commentaries. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that for the Portuguese-speaking peoples, the culinary sphere has become a source of a large number of phraseological units, the semantic features of which reveal the specifics of the linguistic picture of the world of the native speakers. The division of the studied phraseological units into phraseosemantic groups showed that the largest number of phraseological units is associated with a description of a person (his appearance, character) and his behavior and actions. The study of the ways of the formation of phraseological units with the component “food” gave rise to the selection of eight groups. Among the phraseological units studied in the work, three different types of phraseological variance were identified and described, as well as features of phraseological synonymy, antonymy, and homonymy. In addition, examples of phraseological derivation and polysemy were identified and described.

scholarly journals The prosody of French ambiguous multiple negative sentences.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Déprez ◽  
Jeremy Daniel Yeaton
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Negative Reading ◽  
Positive Meaning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Compositional Interpretation

While it has long been assumed that prosody can help resolve syntactic and semantic ambiguities, empirical evidence has shown that the mapping between prosody and meaning is complex (Hirschberg & Avesani, 2000; Jackendoff, 1972). This paper investigates the prosody of ambiguous French sentences with multiple potentially negative terms that allow two semantically very distinct interpretations—a single negation reading involving so-called negative concord (NC), and a double negative reading (DN) with a positive meaning reflecting a strictly compositional interpretation—with the goal to further research on the role of prosody in ambiguities by examining whether intonation can be recruited by speakers to signal distinct interpretations of these sentences to hearers. Twenty native speakers produced transitive sentences with potentially negative terms embedded in contexts designed to elicit single-negation or double-negation readings. Analysis regarding the F0 and the duration of the utterances revealed distinct prosodic profiles for the two readings, confirming previous evidence that speakers can produce characteristic acoustic cues to signal intended distinctive meanings (Kraljic & Brennan, 2005; Syrett, Simon, & Nisula, 2014). Our results reveal that NC readings feature a focused subject and a deaccented object, in contrast to DN readings where both the subject and the object were independently focused. They do not relate DN to contradiction but link negative meaning with focus on French negative concord items (NCI). The paper discusses the implications of these findings for theoretical approaches to NC and outlines further questions for the syntax-prosody interface of these constructions.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

Alignment

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Pier Giuseppe Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject

The subject of alignment is not new to the world of education. Today however, it has come to mean different things and to have a heuristic value in education according to research in different areas, not least for neuroscience, and to attention to skills and to the alternation framework.This paper, after looking at the classic references that already attributed an important role to alignment in education processes, looks at the strategic role of alignment in the current context, outlining the shared construction processes and focusing on some of the ways in which this is put into effect.Alignment is part of a participatory, enactive approach that gives a central role to the interaction between teaching and learning, avoiding the limits of behaviourism, which has a greater bias towards teaching, and cognitivism/constructivism, which focus their attention on learning and in any case, on that which separates a teacher preparing the environment and a student working in it.

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

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