scholarly journals Reception and criticism of I. Kant’s theory of space and time in the philosophy of V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
David Rozhin
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Kantian Theory ◽  
Objective Meaning ◽  
Analytical System

The subject of this research is the reception of I. Kant's theory of space and time in the theory of cognition of V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov (hereinafter Kudryavtsev). In his theory of cognition, Kudryavtsev not only engages into an indirect dispute with the German philosopher and criticized his point of views, but also used a number of his ideas, namely from the theory of space and time. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the fact that the problem of reception of Kantian ideas in Kudryavtsev's philosophy has not been fully developed. The goal of this research is to determine the specificity of perception of Kantian theory of space and time in the analogous theory of Kudryavtsev. For achieving this goal, the author employed conceptual-analytical, system-structural and comparative methods, as well as the method of historical reconstruction. The scientific novelty lies in elucidation of the nature of reception of gnoseological ideas of I. Kant in the philosophy of V. D. Kudryavtsev. The author outlines the positions of Kantian theory of space and time that were borrowed by Kudryavtsev: 1) space and time have an a priori nature, i.e. they are universal and necessary non-empirical forms of sensory cognition; 2) at the same time, they are conditions of sensory experience. Kudryavtsev also follows Kant in division of reality into phenomena and things-in-themselves, but does not agree with uncognizability of the things-in-themselves. Such divergence is associated with the objective meaning of space and time, which Kudryavtsev insists on, while Kant underlines their subjective meaning alone. In conclusion, it is emphasized that Kudryavtsev formulates his theory of space and time leaning on Kantian apriorism. Kudryavtsev simultaneously agrees with Kant's definitions of space and time and denies Kant's conclusions on their subjective nature.

On the Accessibility of the Thing-in-itself: Kant’s Transcendentalism and Meillassoux’s Speculative Materialism

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Girenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Positive Knowledge

Modern philosophy has shown an unexpected interest in materialism. Why is materialism attractive? Perhaps because of the simplicity of thought, or be­cause of the direct discernment of the truth? Among the new materialists stands out the figure of Meillassoux, who tried to justify the need to move from transcendental and phenomenological idealism to speculative material­ism. But the interest in materialism is even more unexpected among young russian researchers who became volunteers of speculative materialism without hesitation. What attracts them to materialism? The answer to this question can be obtained by analyzing the philosophy of Meillassoux. This article examines the speculative materialism of Meillassoux. His idea of contingency is com­pared with Kant’s idea of productive imagination a priori. As a result, the author concludes that Meillassoux has not found the answer to the question why laws are constant. The absolutization of factuality, on which Meillassoux insists, does not give positive knowledge about the absolute. The inconsistency of Meillassoux is that the absolute is always preceded by an anthropological process of absolutization. The author concludes that speculative materialism attracts by its theoretical simplicity, which, in turn, is based on the full and merciless deprivation the world of anthropological dimension. In the material­ism of K. Meillassoux, an inescapable longing for the absolute is expressed. The speculative materialists want to restore space and time to nature with the help of the absolute, forgetting that the dif­ference between things in them­selves and things for themselves is not based on the absolutization of time, but on the presence of subjectivity. Meillassoux refused subjectivity. He chose the absolute. For him, the subject of philosophy is not the existence of a per­son, but a certain “may-be”.

Educación y valores

2014 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sabino de Juan López
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Problem Of The Criterion

RESUMEN En el artículo se ofrece una reflexión en torno a la educación y valores. Tras una referencia a los diferentes sentidos en que se puede plantear el problema en función de la forma como se puede entender la relación entre los dos sustantivos “educación” y “valores”, la reflexión se centra en algunos problemas relacionados con los valores en cuanto contenidos de la educación. Primeramente se refiere al problema del criterio en función del cual determinar los valores de la educación, concluyendo en que el criterio no podía ser ni de carácter a priori, ni empírico, sino “sintético”. A continuación, se afronta el problema del principio, de la fuente de los valores, o la concreción del criterio de los valores de la educación, entendiendo que éstos deberían ser determinados a partir del sujeto de la educación. Se concluye con la referencia a una exigencia de los valores de la educación, la configuración de una totalidad unitaria e interactiva. Palabras clave: educación, valores, fuente de valores, integración, cultura EDUCATION AND VALUES ABSTRACT The article offers a reflection on education and values. After a reference to the different senses in which one can pose the problem in terms of how you can understand the relationship between the two nouns “education” and “values”, reflection focuses on some problems related to the values in the contents of education. First, it concerns the problem of the criterion against which to determine the values of education, concluding that the criterion could be neither a priori in nature, not empirical, but “synthetic”. Herein, the problem of principle is faced, the source of values, or the realization of the criterion of the values of education, understanding that these should be determined from the subject of education. It concludes with the reference of a requirement of the values in education, setting up a unitary and interactive whole. Key Words: education, values , power values , integration, culture

Self and Selves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph C.S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Synthetic A Priori

Kant is committed to the reality of a subject self, outside time but active in forming experience. Timeless activity is problematic, but that can be dealt with. But he holds that the subject of experience is not an object of experience, so nothing can be known about it; this raises a problem about the status of his own theory. But he ought to allow that we can know of its existence and activity, as preconditions of experience: the Critique allows that synthetic a priori truths can be known in this way. However, its identity conditions remain unknowable. Kant’s unity of apperception shares much with Locke’s continuity of consciousness, but does not determine the identity of a thing. Personal identity is bodily identity. Only Kant’s moral philosophy justifies recognizing other selves; it could warrant ascribing a similar status to animals.

Ursprünge transzendentaler Ästhetik. Zum Wandel von Kants Raum- und Zeitargumentation von derInauguraldissertation zurKritik

Kant-Studien ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-385
Author(s):  
Christian Martin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space ◽  
Widespread View

AbstractAccording to a widespread view, the essentials of Kant’s critical conception of space and time as set forth in the Transcendental Aesthetic can already be found in his 1770 Inaugural Dissertation. Contrary to this assumption, the present article shows that Kant’s later arguments for the a priori intuitive character of our original representations of space and time differ crucially from those contained in the Dissertation. This article highlights profound differences between Kant’s transcendental and his pre-critical conception of pure sensibility by systematically comparing the topic, method and argumentation of the First Critique with that of the Inaugural Dissertation. It thus contributes to a better understanding of the Transcendental Aesthetics itself, which allows one to distinguish its peculiar transcendental mode of argumentation from considerations made by the pre-critical Kant, with which it can easily be conflated.

Women and Temporality in Literature and Cinema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ila Ahlawat
Keyword(s):  
Women Characters ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The Subject

Women and Temporality in Literature and Cinema delves into the subject of literary and cinematic women characters entrapped in temporal spaces and their peculiar communication with visibility, enclosure, space, and time in the context of sexual and temporal discord. It explores subjects such as youth, ageing, remembering, forgetting, and repeating within the larger realm of gendered temporalities that are essentially nuanced and affective experiences. Throughout, this book seeks to locate and spell out the damaging as well as the healing effects of temporality upon women’s consciousness.

scholarly journals An application of the theory of probabilities to the study of a priori pathometry.—Part II

1917 ◽  
Vol 93 (650) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Active Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Government Grant

Part I of this paper was published in the ‘Proceedings', A, vol. 92 (1916), having been read on November 11, 1915. In June last, the Royal Society was kind enough to give a Government Grant for providing me with assistance in order to complete the paper, and for carrying on further studies upon the subject; and Miss Hilda P. Hudson, M. A., Sc. D., was appointed for the work from May 1, 1916. The continuation of the paper has accordingly been written in conjunction with her; and I should like to take the opportunity to express my obligations to her for her valuable assistance, especially in regard to Part III—which is to appear shortly. I must apologise for the rather numerous small errors in Part I—due to the fact that the proofs were received by me when I was abroad on active service.

Perception and Evaluation: Aristotle on the Moral Imagination

Dialogue ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hankinson
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Moral Imagination ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Rational Action ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mental Imaging ◽  
Broad Interpretation

In recent years, Aristotle's treatment of the imagination has become the subject of renewed interest. A pioneering paper by Malcolm Schofield argued that, far from being the rag-bag of widely separate and more or less unrelated concerns that it had previously been generally taken to be, phantasia was, for Aristotle, a ‘loose-knit family concept’ covering all aspects of what Schofield labelled ‘non-paradigmatic sensory experience’. With that conclusion I am more or less in agreement, although only on the condition that ‘sensory’ be given a suitably broad interpretation. My purpose in this paper is to tease out, in a necessarily limited and circumscribed manner, the implications of a proper understanding of Aristotle's developed concept of deliberative imagination, phantasia bouleutikê, for his moral theory and his account of rational action, and to indicate ways in which this is related to his accounts of mental imaging in the rest of the Parva Naturalia.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Research Methods of Political Discourse

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Ya. Yu. Demkina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction. The article compares the methods of researching political discourse with special attention to linguistic methods, in particular, to discourse analysis and cognitive and rhetorical approaches. These methods are widely used to study political speeches, statements, texts. Increasingly, political discourse is seen as a social phenomenon, not only at the discursive but also on the cognitive and rhetorical levels. The object of this study is methods of analysis of political discourse allowing to study the position of a politician in the discursive sphere and to identify the character of his audience. The subject of the analysis are examples from Joe Biden's political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop arguments to choose a particular approach to political discourse, especially cognitive and rhetorical, as well as discourse analysis, which allow to reveal veiled meanings of political statements and consider the methods of persuasion of the electorate.Methodology and data sources. The subject of the analysis are examples of Joe Biden’s political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. To compare approaches the study of political discourse, descriptive and comparative methods are used, the effectiveness of different approaches and methods is illustrated by specific examples of linguistic interpretation of discursive features of publications and speeches, revealing the ambitions of the politician most fully. A method of quantitative counting is also used.Results and discussion. The use of descriptive and comparative methods makes it possible to compare different approaches to the study of political texts and speeches, to discuss the relationship of heterogeneous methods, to identify the most effective methods of studying discourse. The result of the article was the conclusions about the effectiveness of different approaches to the study of the language of politicians at discursive, cognitive and rhetorical levels. Comparison of methods of research of political discourse distinguishes discourse-analysis among other methods of analysis. The use of discourse analysis to study political discourse reveals the functions of discourse, for example, manipulative, selective and combined functions related to political goals. The use of critical discourse analysis allows you to identify these functions most fully.Conclusion. The study of political discourse can be carried out at different levels, but the discursive level compared to cognitive and rhetorical levels is the most effective from a linguistic point of view. Discourse analysis allows to explore political discourse at more qualitative different level than rhetorical and other linguistic methods of research. Discourse analysis is presented as a method of researching hidden meanings in politics in this article.

scholarly journals PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Delya Valeryevna Ulanova ◽  
Mikhail Igorevich Shikulskiy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Forecast ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Forecasting Analysis ◽  
Analytical System

The article analyzes the features of forecasting analysis of the socio-economic development of the RF subject (the Astrakhan region is taken as an example). The article describes the process of conducting analysis of coming data and forecasting; shows the stages of the process (forming a purpose of the study, collecting participating explanatory variables; accumulation of important statistical data; analyzing forecast figures using a certain predicting method; forming and visualizing analysis and prediction reports), requirements to baseline information and most common methods of socio-economic forecast. The existing relationship and interaction between the forecasting indicators should be taken to consideration in order to obtain well-coordinated and consistent data forecasts. On the basis of the analytical platform Deductor there has been developed the information-analytical system, its purpose is running of the script proposed by an analyst, and creating reports. The system calculates the forecasts, which are then combined into one data set. This method is based on information about the model, which allows selecting the optimal forecast with a minimum error.

scholarly journals Tatiana Koltochikhina’s batiks: «From the beginning without the end»

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Октябрьская
Keyword(s):  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
The Subject

Батик роспись по ткани один из древнейших видов искусства, восходящих к ремеслам, преобразующим вещный мир по законам красоты. Рукотворная природа делает причастным это декоративное творчество к творению. Под руками художника по батику Татьяны Колточихиной пространство ткани превращается в пространство мира. Ее мир не имеет границ в пространстве и времени. Он древний и вечный. Поверхность бытия на полотнах художника растресканная, как поверхность старых картин, напоминает о глубине памяти и непреходящем характере творческих исканий. Batik, the textile painting, is one of the most ancient art forms, dating back to the crafts, transformed the subject world according to the laws of beauty. Manmade nature makes this decorative work involved into creation. At the Tatiana Koltochikhina’s hands, craftsman in batik, the space of textile turns into the space of the world. Her world does not have the borders of space and time. It is ancient and eternal. The surface of the existence on the artist’s canvases is cracked, as the surface of the old pictures, reminds the memory depth and the imperishable nature of the artistic explorations.

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