scholarly journals Optimization of the pre-treatment of white sawdust (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process for the production of bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Thierry Tchamba Tchuidjang ◽  
Eric Noubissié ◽  
Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Temperature Time

The exploitation of our forests generates waste, amongst which sawdust produces approximately cubic meter per year. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the recovery process of this waste through the optimization of the pre-treatment stage of sawdust from Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process in order to produce bioethanol. To achieve this objective, Ayous sawdust was sampled and then characterized, followed by the pre-treatment through organosolv process. During pre-treatment, a composite experimental design centred on three factors (temperature, time, ethanol concentration) was used to study their effects on extraction of pentoses, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. Analysis shows that Ayous sawdust contains 45.33 ± 5.5% cellulose, 30.32 ± 1.95% lignin and 20.03 ± 3.5% hemicellulose. To release the maximum of pentoses, reducing sugars and the minimum of phenolic compounds, an organosolv pre-treatment of this substrate should be carried out at 209.08 °C for 47.60 min with an ethanol–water ratio of 24.02%. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence on the pre-treatment process whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure of Ayous sawdust.

scholarly journals Evaluation of time, temperature and concentration of solvent, in the extraction of bioactive compounds from carrot (daucus carota)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e922986130
Author(s):  
Gabrielli Nunes Clímaco ◽  
Luana Cristina Silva de Sousa ◽  
Rita de Cássia Bergamasco
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Pre Treatment

The objective of this work was to analyze the content of bioactive compounds extracted from the carrot, through an experimental design of 3 factors, 3 levels and two axial points, including extraction time (17-37-57min), temperature (30-50-70ºC) and ethanol concentration (50-65-80%). The result was expressed as a percentage. Based on the results, it can be said that time did not significantly influence the extraction of antioxidant compounds (p> 0.001), and that the temperature is directly proportional to the yield. Regarding phenolic compounds, only temperature was significant, and for flavonols, only time and proportion. The use of ethanol as a solvent showed good results when compared to the commonly used solvents, in addition to having the quality of being economically viable and food grade. Another important factor was the pre-treatment of the sample, which allowed good yield values ​​when compared to the literature.

scholarly journals Imidazole Processing of Wheat Straw and Eucalyptus Residues—Comparison of Pre-Treatment Conditions and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7591
Author(s):  
Pedro M. A. Pereira ◽  
Joana R. Bernardo ◽  
Luisa Bivar Roseiro ◽  
Francisco Gírio ◽  
Rafał M. Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Treatment Agent ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Temperature Time

Biomass pre-treatment is a key step in achieving the economic competitiveness of biomass conversion. In the present work, an imidazole pre-treatment process was performed and evaluated using wheat straw and eucalyptus residues as model feedstocks for agriculture and forest-origin biomasses, respectively. Results showed that imidazole is an efficient pre-treatment agent; however, better results were obtained for wheat straw due to the recalcitrant behavior of eucalyptus residues. The temperature had a stronger effect than time on wheat straw pre-treatment but at 160 °C and 4 h, similar results were obtained for cellulose and hemicellulose content from both biomasses (ca. 54% and 24%, respectively). Lignin content in the pre-treated solid was higher for eucalyptus residues (16% vs. 4%), as expected. Enzymatic hydrolysis, applied to both biomasses after different pre-treatments, revealed that results improved with increasing temperature/time for wheat straw. However, these conditions had no influence on the results for eucalyptus residues, with very low glucan to glucose enzymatic hydrolysis yield (93% for wheat straw vs. 40% for eucalyptus residues). Imidazole can therefore be considered as a suitable solvent for herbaceous biomass pre-treatment.

INCINERATION FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manis Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

In order to reduce the accumulation of waste in landfill, incineration technology could becomes one of the solutions. In addition to reduce the volume of waste, the energy generated by incineration process can also be utilized. Plant Incineration consists of four categories process, namely pre-treatment process, combustion process, energy recovery process and flue gas treatment process (Air Pollution Control system). Pre-treatment process is used to increase the average calorific value of waste. Pre-treatment process depends on the type of incinerator used. Combustion process in an incinerator must accommodate the principles of 3 T (temperature, turbulence, time). Process conditions for the type of incinerator grate in accordance with the principle of 3 Tare the waste residence time in the grate less than 60 minutes, gas residence time more than 2 seconds and the gas temperature over 850 C. In the combustion process will produce heat carried by flue gas. The heat will flow into energy recovery process to be utilized. From energy recovery process, flue gas will enter into the APC system to reduce air pollution caused by combustion process.keywords : incinerator, waste, energy recovery

scholarly journals Rapidoxy® 100: A Solvent-Free Pre-treatment for Production of Canolol

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchira Nandasiri ◽  
Afra Imran ◽  
Usha Thiyam-Holländer ◽  
N. A. Michael Eskin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Automated Instrument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Time

RapidOxy® 100 is an automated instrument originally designed for measuring the oxidative stability of both solid and liquid samples. The compact and portable design of RapidOxy® 100, and its built-in pressurized heating chamber, provides a suitable environment for studying processing conditions. The feasibility of using oxygen or an inert atmosphere provides the ideal environment to study the effect of dry heat pre-treatment on canola antioxidants. The current study used RapidOxy® 100 to examine the impact of pressurized dry heat pre-treatment, under nitrogen, on the ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds. The effect of different pre-treatment temperature-time combinations of 120, 140, 160, and 180°C for 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min on the subsequent extraction of canola phenolic compounds was examined. The major sinapates identified by HPLC were sinapine, sinapic acid, and canolol. The optimum RapidOxy® condition for the maximum recovery of canolol was 160°C for 10 min. RapidOxy® 100 proved to be a novel and versatile instrument for enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds.

Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
R. Boll ◽  
R. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Vivianite Occurrence and Remediation Techniques in Biosolids Pre-treatment Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Bipin Pathak ◽  
Ahmed Al-Omari ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Nicholas Passarelli ◽  
Ryu Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Membrane condenser as emerging technology for water recovery and gas pre-treatment: current status and perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Brunetti ◽  
Francesca Macedonio ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Enrico Drioli
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control

Abstract The recent roadmap of SPIRE initiative includes the development of “new separation, extraction and pre-treatment technologies” as one of the “key actions” for boosting sustainability, enhancing the availability and quality of existing resources. Membrane condenser is an innovative technology that was recently investigated for the recovery of water vapor for waste gaseous streams, such as flue gas, biogas, cooling tower plumes, etc. Recently, it has been also proposed as pre-treatment unit for the reduction and control of contaminants in waste gaseous streams (SOx and NOx, VOCs, H2S, NH3, siloxanes, halides, particulates, organic pollutants). This perspective article reports recent progresses in the applications of the membrane condenser in the treatment of various gaseous streams for water recovery and contaminant control. After an overview of the operating principle, the membranes used, and the main results achieved, the work also proposes the role of this technology as pre-treatment stage to other separation technologies. The potentialities of the technology are also discussed aspiring to pave the way towards the development of an innovative technology where membrane condenser can cover a key role in redesigning the whole upgrading process.

scholarly journals The “black box” of treatment: Patients’ perspective on what works in opioid maintenance treatment for opioid dependence

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa C. Silva ◽  
Fredrik B. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Opioid Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Patients Perspective

Abstract Background A lack of conceptual modeling of how the components of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) for opioid dependence (OD) work causes it to occasionally be labeled the “black-box” of treatment. This study had a two-fold objective: First, to analyze which factors related to OMT for OD contribute to the abstinence of problematic use of non-prescribed opioids and sustain recovery, from the patients’ perspective; second, to understand which changes OMT produced in the individuals’ lives might significantly contribute to relapse prevention. Methods We used qualitative methods of design, inquiry, and analysis from a convenience sample of 19 individuals in a Swedish treatment setting. Results All the participants reported previous cycles of problematic use of non-prescribed opioids and other non-prescribed psychoactive substances, treatment, abstinence, recovery, and relapse before starting the current OMT program. During the pre-treatment stage, specific events, internal processes, and social environments enhanced motivation toward abstinence and seeking treatment. During the treatment stage, participants perceived the quality of the human relationships established with primary social groups as important as medication and the individual plan of care in sustaining recovery. From the participants’ perspective, OMT was a turning point in their life course, allowing them a sense of self-fulfillment and the reconstruction of personal and social identity. However, they still struggled with the stigmatization produced by a society that values abstinence-oriented over medication-assisted treatments. Conclusion OMT is not an isolated event in individuals’ lives but rather a process occurring within a specific social context. Structural factors and the sense of acceptance and belonging are essential in supporting the transformation. Treatment achievements and the risk for relapse vary over time, so the objectives of the treatment plan must account for characteristics of the pre-treatment stage and the availability and capacity of individuals to restructure their social network, besides the opioid maintenance treatment and institutional social care.

scholarly journals Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
Nerve Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractBioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document