scholarly journals Christian Tradition and (Post) Modernity in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist Concept of Culture (1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Ryszard Ficek

In the context of Cardinal Wyszyński’s personalistic concept, a man understood as a spiritual, as well as corporal being, created by God in His image and likeness, endowed with human dignity from the moment of conception, the subject of rights and duties appears as the focus of the Christian perception of culture. The analysis of contemporary cultural reality, then, carried out in the above article in the light of the Christian tradition allows us to express the discussed issues in terms of a vocation addressed to every human being. Its position to the realities of earthly life emphasizes that in the creative activity of culture, one should see the most appropriate way of realizing the fullness of the human personality not only in the temporal dimension but also in the supernatural one. Moreover, emphasizing such elements as the human person, family, Nation, state, the international community, culture, economy, and politics understood in an integral way, as well as the Church proclaiming the universal message of salvation, the Primate’s vision of culture exposes a praxeological character, rooted in particular human existence. It allows not only the direct inclusion of the human person in the current of civilization and cultural changes but also consents the human being to discover the right place in the dynamically changing contexts of the contemporary world.

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Ryszard Ficek

The Christian concept of involvement in culture, as defined by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, exposes man in his entire personal vocation from the perspective of all essential dimensions of his existence. In this sense, all historical-political or socio-cultural processes - affecting society as a whole - always refer to a specific human person. In the context of all these essential dimensions, man is understood as a homo artifex. Thus, the fullness of man’s personal affluence becomes the ultimate and fundamental principle, subject, and goal of culture. Therefore, the article aims to answer the question: can the personalistic concept of a human being constitute the basis for forming and influencing the culture, especially in contemporary reality? Stefan Wyszyński’s personalism treats Christian involvement in culture regarding a vocation addressed to every human being. Moreover, by emphasizing elements such as the human person, family, nation, state, the international community, culture, economy, and politics, as well as the Church proclaiming the universal message of salvation, the personalistic vision of culture emphasizes its praxeological character, rooted in a specific human existence and oriented towards the supernatural dimension. Therefore, the human person is directly involved in the stream of modern civilization and its cultural changes, as well as finds his proper place in the dynamically changing realities of the contemporary world.


2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Arthur Vacca

Rispondendo ad un articolo di Lisa Harris, pubblicato su New England Journal of Medicine 2012; 367: 981-983, il presente contributo riesamina la coscienza da un punto di vista giuridico. Si analizza l’obiezione di coscienza nel contesto della legge federale statunitense sulla tutela della libertà religiosa e si spiega perché coloro che obiettano moralmente di eseguire aborti hanno il legittimo diritto all’obiezione di coscienza. Al contrario, si argomenta che gli abortisti non hanno diritto di eseguire aborti per ragioni di “coscienza”, perché il concetto giuridico di coscienza preclude l’intrusione nei diritti di altri, e nel caso dell’aborto, l’abortista va ad intromettersi nel diritto alla vita di un innocente, un essere umano non ancora nato. Il concetto giuridico di “coscienza” non può ignorare o respingere la conclusione scientifica ed empiricamente verificabile che la vita di un essere umano inizia al momento della fecondazione. Inoltre, è tracciata una distinzione tra diritti negativi e positivi nel contesto della legge federale statunitense, che rende ancor più insostenibile l’uso della “coscienza” come giustificazione per eseguire aborti. L’enfasi dell’articolo è sulla realtà oggettiva e i limiti della coscienza come concetto giuridico, affermando che, mentre la coscienza procede da un soggetto umano, non è pertanto arbitraria e quindi inutilizzabile come concetto giuridico. Riconoscendo i diversi approcci e le implicazioni derivanti dal concetto di coscienza, l’articolo mira semplicemente a difendere la coscienza come un concetto giuridico praticabile, radicato nella legge federale degli Stati Uniti e nella ragione umana. In questo modo, si prefigge di promuovere l’autentica libertà della persona umana a vivere secondo i dettami della propria coscienza. ---------- Responding to Dr. Lisa Harris’ article in the September 13, 2012 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, this article reexamines conscience from a legal perspective. It analyzes conscientious objection in the context of U.S. federal law protecting religious freedom and explains why those who morally object to performing abortions have a legitimate right to conscientious objection. In contrast, the argument is made that abortionists have no such right to perform abortions for reasons of “conscience” because the legal concept of conscience precludes intruding upon the rights to others, and in the case of abortion, the abortionist is intruding upon the right to life of an innocent, unborn human being. The legal concept of “conscience” cannot ignore or dismiss the scientific and empirically verifiable conclusion that a human being comes into existence at the moment of fertilization. Furthermore, a distinction is drawn between negative and positive rights in the context of U.S. federal law which renders the use of “conscience” as a justification for performing abortions all the more untenable. The emphasis of the article is on the objective reality and limits of conscience as a legal concept, affirming that, while conscience proceeds from a human subject, it is not, therefore, arbitrary and thus unworkable as a legal concept. Recognizing the various approaches to and implications ensuing from the concept of conscience, the article simply aims to defend conscience as a workable legal concept rooted in U.S. federal law and human reason. In this way, it seeks to advance the authentic freedom of the human person to live in accordance with the dictates of his/her conscience.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Andreea-Iulia Someşan

"Advance planning aims at a time, considered specific for the life ending stages, when the patient will no longer be able to express his/her desire about the medical care performed on the own person. By the history of its introduction through the medical legislation, this document is closely related with the euthanasia concept or the right to put an end to the life that is no longer worth living. From a medical approach, this may suppose the withdrawal of the futile treatments. The patient has the possibility, by elaborating an advance directive, to mention his/her refusal for certain medical treatments and procedures. The purpose of its implementation in the clinical practice is to preserve the patient’s dignity and autonomy for the moment when he/she will no longer be able to express his/her will: this person can choose to end the suffering of an inhuman life. The patient will become, therefore, responsible for giving up to the futile medical care, limiting, in somehow, the actions of the medical staff. Thus, advance planning could be assimilated with the idea of medical non-compliance. The efforts of preserving the patient’s dignity will inevitably bring in our attention the concept of the human being’s value. Does an intrinsic value of the human being really exist or is it just built by the role played by the person in the social context? Is it fair to create moral pressure on someone to take a certain decision in that context? However, what if the advance directives were not at all associated with the idea of a Living will (Life testament – the Romanian name for this paper)? Even if the advance planning had the primary purpose to protect the healthcare professionals in their decision to withdraw the futile treatments, this document should be in favor of the patient and not against his/her deepest desires. Keywords: advance planning, dignity, autonomy, human being value, quality of life, life without dignity. "


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Reent ◽  
Nikolay Kiyko

The penitentiary service is a part of the state law enforcement system and its activities are related to the interests of society. In this case, the process of execution of criminal penalties may be accompanied with harm to law enforcement interests of persons detained in prisons. The practice of penitentiary services around the world shows that there are still cases of violations of the rights and freedoms of convicts. That is why special attention has been paid to the involvement of various social groups for monitoring the rights of convicts. In each individual state, the system of control over the activities of the penitentiary service varies depending on the social and state system, the type of legal system, and the level of development of democracy. At the same time, regardless of these factors, the control over the penitentiary service is expressed in the collection of information about the activities of penitentiary institutions, the detection of violations in their work, and at the final stage in the notification of the competent authorities about the violations, monitoring the elimination of violations and shortcomings, informing the public of the results of their work. Exercising control, most democratic states draw attention to the fact that prisons, as an important part of public life, must be information-based, open and democratic. The main task of monitoring should be to ensure compliance with generally accepted ethical standards in the execution of penalties related to isolation from society. So, according to the professor of the International center for prison studies at the University of London Vivien Stern: «The international community has said, and international law has also noted, that the whole process of depriving a human being of liberty from the moment of arrest to the moment of release from a correctional institution must be humane. Humane means ethical. Throughout this process, we must remember that a prisoner is a human being like us and has the right to have his or her human nature respected». The presented work is devoted to the description and analysis of legal regulation of public control over ensuring the rights of convicts in Russia and Belarus. The review reveals the actual problems of normative regulation activities of public control subjects, as well as provides a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory framework of Russia and Belarus in this area.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Matheus Macedo Lima Porto ◽  
Clara Cardoso Machado Jaborandy

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p><span id="docs-internal-guid-be91bd97-6d94-fd9c-591a-562fe190c315"><span>O presente trabalho pretende analisar o tratamento jurídico da dignidade da pessoa humana a partir do constitucionalismo latino americano. Num primeiro momento, verificar-se-á a essência da dignidade humana para o direito através de uma rápida evolução conceitual com base na história e na filosofia. Num segundo momento, o artigo abordará o movimento do chamado novo constitucionalismo latino-americano, a fim de verificar as possibilidades de inserção da Constituição brasileira de 1988. Por fim, far-se-á uma análise crítica da forma que a dignidade da pessoa humana vem sendo interpretada no instituto denominado Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional, especialmente nas decisões da Corte Constitucional da Colômbia e do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O desfecho da investigação pretende comprovar que há um simbolismo na decisão que adota o Estado de coisas inconstitucional em prol do respeito à dignidade humana.</span></span></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p dir="ltr"><span>The present work is intended to analyze the legal treatment of the dignity of the human being from the Latin American constitutionalism. In the first instance, an essence of human dignity will be verified for the right through a rapid conceptual evolution based on history and philosophy. In a second moment, the article approaches the movement of the new Latin American constitutionalism, objecting to verificate the possibilities of insertion of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. Finally, it will be done a critical analysis of the form that a dignity of the human person has been interpreted, especially in the decisions of Constitution Court of Colombia and the Supreme Court of Brazil. The outcome of the investigation is intended to prove that there is a symbolism in the decision that adopts the unconstitutional state of affairs in favor of respect for human dignity.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>


Author(s):  
Florea ȘTEFAN ◽  

Life ruled by law and the legality of our culture have in common the oblivion of the right and the demand of saving yourself through your deeds. Life ruled by law deals only with individual saving, because it does not see the total good; it always balances, for its whole horizon is nothing but a changing, as it is the report between God and human being. Love has every virtue and it is contrary to all sins. This is the source of all forms of good. The one who has love is on his way to perfection. Between love and consciousness there is a real complementariness. Consciousness is the instrument through which law becomes operative in our being. St Apostle Pavel underlines the fact that a pure moral consciousness is kept by belief (Tit. 1,15-16). Christian love that springs from a pure moral consciousness and heart is what God wanted from his creation, man having the possibility to take the resemblance with God, as his nursing to “God’s image”.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nuah Perdamenta Tarigan ◽  
Christian Siregar ◽  
Simon Mangatur Tampubolon

Justice that has not existed and is apparent among the disabilities in Indonesia is very large and spread in the archipelago is very large, making the issue of equality is a very important thing especially with the publication of the Disability Act No. 8 of 2016 at the beginning of that year. Only a few provinces that understand properly and well on open and potential issues and issues will affect other areas including the increasingly growing number of elderly people in Indonesia due to the increasing welfare of the people. The government of DKI Jakarta, including the most concerned with disability, from the beginning has set a bold step to defend things related to disability, including local governments in Solo, Bali, Makassar and several other areas. Leprosy belonging to the disability community has a very tough marginalization, the disability that arises from leprosy quite a lot, reaches ten percent more and covers the poor areas of Indonesia, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, South Sulawesi Provinces and even East Java and West Java and Central Java Provinces. If we compare again with the ASEAN countries we also do not miss the moment in ratifying the CRPD (Convention of Rights for People with Disability) into the Law of Disability No. 8 of 2016 which, although already published but still get rejections in some sections because do not provide proper empowerment and rights equality. The struggle is long and must be continued to build equal rights in all areas, not only health and welfare but also in the right of the right to receive continuous inclusive education.


Author(s):  
Lynn D. Wardle

The question of when a legal right to life first arises in the course of a human being’s development is pertinent to a variety of contexts, including protection of prenatal life from injury by persons other than the gestational mother, what to do with frozen embryos when the couple who created them divorces, and how to treat children born with severe disabilities, as well as the more familiar context of state regulation, restriction, or prohibition of abortion. This chapter first summarizes social and biological science findings relevant to this question, then details development of legal rules and constitutional doctrine pertaining to abortion regulation before contrasting that with protections for prenatal life in other contexts. It concludes that the most coherent answer to the question when a right to life arises is that the right to life is coextensive with the biological life of the human being, and that a legal right to remain alive arises when a human being comes into existence and continues until it ceases to be a human being—that is, when its life has ended. This might provide justification for greater restrictions on abortion, but that could depend on additional considerations.


Philosophy ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 25 (92) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Copleston

I. In the early part of the sixth century a.d. Boethius defined the person as “an individual substance of rational nature” (rationalis naturae individua substantia). This definition, which became classical and was adopted by, for example, St. Thomas Aquinas, obviously implies that every human being is a person, since every human being is (to employ the philosophical terms of Boethius) an individual substance of rational nature. If one cannot be more or less of a human being, so far as “substance” is concerned, one cannot be more or less of a person. One may act as a human person ought not to act or in a way unbefitting a human person; one may even lose the normal use of one's reason; but one does not in this way become depersonalized, in the sense of ceasing to be a person. According to St. Thomas, a disembodied soul is not, strictly speaking, a person, since a disembodied soul is no longer a complete human substance; but every complete human substance is always and necessarily a person.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document