THE RELATION BETWEEN WATER CONTENT IN CONTACT LENS AND DRY EYE SYNDROME (DES) IN STUDENTS OF ATMA JAYA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

Introduction: Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease of the eye characterized by loss of homeostasis from the tear film and is accompanied by ocular symptoms. One of many factors that can cause DES is the use of contact lenses. This research was conducted to determine the relationship of water content in contact lenses with the occurrence of DES. Methods: This research was conducted in 2019 with a cross-sectional study design with the Tear Break Up Time (TBUT) test, Schirmer test and questionnaire. The research respondents were students of Atma Jaya School of Medicine and Health Sciences (FKIK UAJ) whose eyes were examined as samples (n = 84). The water content of the respondent's contact lenses was obtained using a questionnaire. The inspection methods used to determine DES are TBUT test and Schirmer test. Data analysis using chi-square test with significance level of p <0.05. Results: The prevalence of DES obtained in students with a water content <50% is 25.9%, while the DES in students with a water content >50% is 25.5% . Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between water content in contact lenses with the occurrence of DES in FKIK UAJ students (p=0.963).

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PENGARUH EMISI DEBU SEMEN TERHADAP STATUS TEAR FILM MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR PABRIK PT. SEMEN PADANG

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v6i3.753 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 654

Author(s):

Muhammad Syauqie ◽

Ardizal Rahman ◽

Getry Sukmawati

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Break Up

Permukaan okular rentan terhadap efek iritatif dari debu semen tersebut karena epitel konyungtiva dan kornea hanya dilapisi oleh lapisan tipis tear film. Paparan debu semen jangka panjang menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi subklinis kronik yang dapat mempengaruhi transdiferensiasi epitel konyungtiva dan densitas sel goblet yang kemudian dapat menyebabkan timbulnya gejala dry eye syndrome. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai status tear film pada masyarakat yang terpapar emisi debu semen dibandingkan dengan masyarakat yang tidak terpapar. Penelitian ini berupa analytic cross sectional study pada dua populasi yaitu kelompok terpapar dan tidak terpapar emisi debu pabrik semen. Semua sampel penelitian dari dua populasi menjalani pemeriksaan pH tear film, Schirmer, Ferning dan Tear Break Up Time (TBUT). Hasil studi mendapatkan peningkatan nilai pH tear film yang bermakna pada penduduk di kelompok terpapar dengan p=0.001. Terdapat juga penurunan kualitas Ferning yang bermakna pada penduduk di kelompok terpapar yang didominasi tipe III dengan p=0.005 dan 0.029. Sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan Schirmer dan TBUT masih dalam batas normal dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Simpulan studi ini ialah erdapat peningkatan rerata nilai pH tear film dan penurunan kualitas lapisan musin tear film yang bermakna pada masyarakat yang terpapar emisi debu semen namun tidak didapatkan peningkatan kejadian dry eye yang bermakna.

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Smoking as Risk Factors to Dry Eye Syndrome

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v15i1.8611 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Alteriana Mydriati Sita Pritasari ◽

Soraya Nur Faida ◽

Siti Thomas Zulaikhah

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Test Results ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Schirmer I Test

Cigarette smoke can damage the fat layer of the tear film lperoxidation. Dry eye syndromeis a cluster of disorders caused by an imbalance between production and excretionof tears, causing symptoms of discomfort in the eye. This study aims to related riskfactors smoke of dry eye syndrome. Analytic observational with cross sectional design,population of all visitors, officers and employees KAI Poncol station Semarang. Sampleof 60 respondents who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data about dry eye syndrome are examined using Schirmer I test, data on smoking were taken using a checklist.The data obtained were analyzed using chi-square test. Results of the respondentswho smoke and have dry eye syndrome was higher (80.6%) compared with non-smokers(25.0%). The results chi-square test p=0.000 (p<0.05), PR = 3.222 (95%CI:1.582-6.562).Smoke who risk 3.222 times higher chance of developing dry eye syndrome comparedwith do not smoke.

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The Value of Aqueous Assessment in Diagnosing Dry Eye

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v16i1.1188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Hafidz Ithnin ◽

Azrin Esmady Ariffin ◽

Khairidzan Mohd Kama

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tear Film ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tear Meniscus ◽

Tear Meniscus Height ◽

Definition Of

Introduction: The clinical evaluation of the three layers of tear film is still poorly described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of aqueous assessment in diagnosing dry eye. Materials and method: Schirmer test with anaesthesia (STA) and tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement were conducted on non-dry eye (NDE) and dry eye (DE) subjects in this cross-sectional study. The NDE and DE subjects were classified using two types of classification; classification 1 and classification 2. Results: 321 subjects with 642 eyes were recruited in the study. STA was significantly correlated with TMH (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) in all 642 eyes. The comparison between nondry and dry eye subjects in STA and TMH were not significantly different (p > 0.05) if the Classification 1 was used to define dry eye. In Classification 2, there were significantly different between NDE (12.5 ± 8.2 mm) and DE (3.4 ± 0.8 mm) subjects in STA (p < 0.001). Similar trend was also depicted in TMH based on the definition of dry eye stated in Classification 2 (NDE = 0.45 ± 0.20 mm, DE = 0.39 ± 0.14 mm; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The value of STA and TMH were lower significantly in dry eye subjects. However, the significant outcomes were only demonstrated if the clinical signs of dryness were used in the definition of dry eye.

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PENGARUH EMISI DEBU SEMEN TERHADAP PERMUKAAN OKULAR PADA MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR PABRIK PT. SEMEN PADANG

Majalah Kedokteran Andalas ◽

10.25077/mka.v43.i2.p112-123.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Muhammad Syauqie

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Break Up

Industri semen diketahui menghasilkan polutan udara yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan yang dapat berupa debu dan memiliki tingkat toksisitas yang paling tinggi dibanding polutan udara lainnya. Paparan debu semen jangka panjang menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi subklinis kronik yang dapat mempengaruhi transdiferensiasi epitel konyungtiva dan densitas sel goblet yang kemudian dapat menyebabkan timbulnya gejala dry eye syndrome. Penelitian ini berupa analytic cross sectional study pada dua populasi yaitu kelompok terpapar dan tidak terpapar emisi debu pabrik semen. Semua sampel penelitian dari dua populasi menjalani pemeriksaan pH tear film, Schirmer, Ferning dan tear break up time.Terdapat peningkatan nilai pH tear film yang bermakna pada penduduk di kelompok terpapar Terdapat juga penurunan kualitas Ferning yang bermakna pada penduduk di kelompok terpapar yang didominasi tipe III. Sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan Schirmer dan TBUT masih dalam batas normal dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Pada pemeriksaan sitologi impresi pada kelompok terpapar didapatkan densitas sel goblet yang masih dalam batas normal dan juga tidak didapatkan metaplasia pada sel epitel konjungtiva. Terdapat peningkatan rerata nilai pH tear film dan penurunan kualitas lapisan musin tear film yang bermakna pada masyarakat yang terpapar emisi debu semen namun tidak disertai kerusakan permukaan okular dan peningkatan kejadian dry eye yang bermakna.

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Compliance as an Integral Part of the Dry Eye Syndrome Prevention Using Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2016.4.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 201647

Author(s):

Rimma Skrypnyk ◽

Olga Selezneva

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Film Stability ◽

Silicone Hydrogel ◽

Clinical Guidance ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Group I ◽

Tear Film Stability

The probability of dry eye syndrome (DES) in the patients using the Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses is examined in many researches. Therefore, adhering to clinical recommendations is an important factor for DES prevention. The urgent issue is also a comprehensive assessment of functional parameters as pathogenetic base of DES.The objective of the research was tostudy DES development depending on compliance of silicone hydrogel contact lenses users.Matherials and methods. 97 patients (194 eyes) were included into the research. They formed 2 groups: group I with incomplete compliance (36 persons) and group II with complete compliance (61 persons). All the patients underwent the Norn’s test, Schirmer’s test, Jones test, tear film stability was defined. The probability of the dry eye syndrome development due to the subjective signs was also analysed.Results. The reliable decrease in the total (р<0.05) and basale lacrimation (р<0.05) indexes, the increase in osmolarity (р<0.05) and decrease in tear film stability (р<0.05) were detected in the patients who did not follow the clinical guidance during the Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses wearing. In the same group the higher risk of dry eye syndrome development was verified (р<0.05).Conclusion. Compliance disorder in the patients using Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses was found to induce the reliable decrease in total and basale lacrimation, increase in osmolarity and tear stability disorder. All of this factors increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.

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Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in association with the use of contact lenses in Saudi Arabia

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01912-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abeer Habeeb Almutairi ◽

Bayan Sulaiman Alalawi ◽

Ghadir Hamzah Badr ◽

Razan Ahmed Alawaz ◽

Maan Albarry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Frequency Of Contact

Abstract Background Dry eye disease is a tear film disorder which can cause discomfort to patients and negatively affect vision acuity. A number of risk factors has been reported to affect the incidence and severity of dry eye syndrome (DES). The aim is to study the prevalence of DES in Saudi Arabia and the factors affecting the severity of DES in relation to the use of contact lenses. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on 310 participants using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and the eye dryness part from contact lens questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8). Dry eye OSDI scores were compared across different epidemiological and risk factors with focus on the use of contact lenses. Pearson and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to analyze the frequency of contact lenses usage in relation to OSDI scores. Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to compare means of two or more than two groups, respectively. Results Forty eight (15.5%) of participants did not have any degree of DES, achieving an OSDI score between 0 and 12. Forty participants (12.9%) scored from 13 to 22, (mild DES), 44 (14.2%) were moderate, scoring 23–32 on the OSDI, while those who scored above 33 were 178 (57.4%) had severe DES. The mean score for all participants was 37.8. A high percentage of participants (84.5%) had some degree of DES. There was a strong positive correlation between OSDI score and the frequency of the feeling of dry eye and a moderate positive correlation between OSDI score and the intensity of dryness feeling. Out of 310 participants, 136 (43.9%) indicated using contact lenses. There was no significant association between the use of contact lenses per se and DES, however, those who used contact lenses more frequently had significantly higher OSDI scores. Conclusions Dry eye syndrome is a widespread, underdiagnosed condition in Saudi Arabia. The frequency of contact lenses use may contribute to the incidence of DES.

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A CLINICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN DRY EYE SYNDROME AND REFRACTIVE ERROR IN YOUNG ADULT PATIENTS ATTENDING OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT, MBS HOSPITAL KOTA.

10.36106/gjra/8308812 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Jaishree Singh ◽

Parneet Jat ◽

Ashok Meena

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Rose Bengal ◽

Tear Film ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

P Value ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology

Objectives:- This study aims to add new information about the DES in young adult by examining the correlation between dry eye syndrome and refractive errors. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 200 participants in the age range of 18 to 35 years and who were free of ocular surface disease, were taken from the patients attending outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, MBS Hospital Kota. Refraction was defined by the spherical equivalent (SE) as the following: 74 emmetropic eyes (±0.50 SE), 76 myopic eyes (≤−0.75 SE), and 50 hyperopic eyes (≥+0.75SE). All participants underwent full ophthalmic examinations assessing their refractive status and dryness level including tear film break up time, Rose Bengal staining and schirmer test. Results: Prevalence of dry eye syndrome was 25.5% in this age group. In our study the prevalence of dry eye was 22.97%, 31.57%, and 20.00% in emmetropes, myopes, and hypermetropes, respectively (p value =0.28) and compared to emmetropes , prevalence of dry eye was higher in those with refractive errors (22.97% and 26.98% respectively). Mean Tear breakup time in seconds showed shorter time in eyes of myopic and hyperopic individuals compared to emmetropia. Mean Rose Bengal staining score showed less in emmetropic individuals compared to myopic and hyperopic. Conclusion: The current results succeeded to demonstrate a correlation between refractive errors and dryness level.

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The use of tear substitutes when wearing contact lenses (literature review)

The Eye ◽

10.33791/2222-4408-2019-3-34-38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 (2019-3) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Artur Mits

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Silicone Hydrogel ◽

Outpatient Departments ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Negative Side Effects

Topicality. In recent years, dry eye syndrome has become increasingly important in clinical practice. Disturbance of the wettability of the eye surface occurs due to external factors influence, one of which are contact lenses. The review presents the literature data analysis covering possible impact of contact lenses made of different materials (hydrogel, silicone hydrogel, soft and rigid gas permeable) on the development of dry eye symptoms, as well as the role of tear substitutes use when wearing contact lenses. Due to agreat variety of different studies on this topic, the literature review on the tear substitutes instillation when wearing contact lenses in patients with dry eye syndrome is relevant and crucial for doctors in outpatient departments. Conclusion. The research has shown that, it is possible to identify unmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for dry eye syndrome with reliable and probable factors. In addition, the therapeutic use of HYLO-COMOD and PARIN-POS is accompanied by minimum possible negative side effects and their use can increase the amount of tear film, as well as reduce the severity of eye discomfort.

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An Engineered Contact Lens for Passive and Sustained Release of Lifitegrast, an Anti-Dry Eye Syndrome Drug

10.1101/2021.04.10.439289 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Changhua Mu ◽

Victoria Lee ◽

Yiran Liu ◽

Ying Han ◽

gerard marriott

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Contact Lens ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Bond Cleavage ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Zero Order Reaction

Lifitegrast is an FDA-approved drug that inhibits T-cell mediated inflammation associated with dry eye syndrome (DES). Lifitegrast is a potent inhibitor of the interaction between LFA-1 on T-cells and ICAM-1 on endothelial cells at the ocular surface. While effective in treating DES, 5% (81.2 mM) lifitegrast has low drug utilization and elicits off-target effects. Here we engineer contact lenses to release therapeutically relevant doses of lifitegrast to every tear film for up to 10-hours. Lifitegrast is coupled to the polymer of the soft hydrogel lens via a photolabile (caged) crosslinker. Exposures of the lens to the 400-430 nm wavelengths of indoor daylight excite the caged crosslinker molecules and trigger a bond-cleavage reaction that releases authentic lifitegrast passively to the tear film. The photoproduct of the reaction remains chemically linked to the polymer of the single-use lens. Our studies show that passive exposures of the lens to indoor light would generate an average of 990 nM lifitegrast to every tear film in a zero-order reaction for up to 10-hours. This concentration exceeds the Kd for the interaction between ICAM-1 and LFA-1 by ~330-fold and would sustain inhibition of inflammatory responses at the ocular surface. The amount of lifitegrast released from the lens increases during exposures to outdoor sunlight. Over a 10-hour exposure to indoor light, a single lens would release 0.44% of the lifitegrast present in two drops of commercial 5% lifitegrast. Compared to tear-drop approaches, our engineered lenses would sustain the passive delivery of therapeutically relevant doses of lifitegrast over a longer period, and exhibit improved drug utilization at a lower cost. Our technology could easily be integrated into daily-use contact lenses in order to prevent inflammation at the ocular surface, dry-eye and contact lens-mediated discomfort.

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