scholarly journals Rational Antibiotic Use by Ordinary People in Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Sherly Tandi Arrang ◽  
Fonny Cokro ◽  
Erlia Anggrainy Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use

Self-medication is defined as self treatment and self-diagnose for conditions such as cough, flu, fever, pain, stomach ulcers, worms, diarrhea, rash, and some other minor illnesses. Based on the data from Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2013), there were 103.860 of 294.959 households (35,2%) in Indonesia which store medicines for selfmedication (including 35,7% “Obat Keras” or “Gevaarlijk” and 27,8% antibiotics). DKI Jakarta (56,4%) is the highest province with respect to stored medicines. Some studies have found that 40-62% of antibiotics are not used properly. The inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance risk and can be life-threatening for people in every part of the world. To address this problem, this community service was conducted to provide information about selfmedication of influenza and cough illness and to improve people’s knowledge in the proper use of antibiotics. Lecturing was chosen as the method for explaining the rational use of antibiotics and participants were requested to fill out a questionnaire. This activity was attended by 34 participants (and 32 participants filled out the questionnaire). About 13 participants (40,6%) provided correct answers to questions on the proper use of antibiotics. Twenty six participants (81,25%) said they had previously used antibiotics, 14 of them (53,85%) admitted to purchasing antibiotics without a prescription. Antibiotics are taken to treat symptoms such as runny nose, cough, sore throat, fever, and other conditions. A total of 7 participants (26,92%) admitted taking antibiotics with dosage modification and 8 participants (30,77%) switched one type of antibiotics with another type of antibiotics. Based on the results, we concluded that people did not have sufficient knowledge about the rational use of antibiotics. We suggested that counseling about the proper use of antibiotics should be improved.

Curriculum update for future pharmacy technicians to enhance rational use of antibiotics in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Karadag Caman ◽  
S Uner ◽  
B Arica Yegin ◽  
H Ozcebe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Undergraduate Programs ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health issues and training of healthcare professionals and the public needs to be an integral part of all AMR efforts. In 2015, four out of six countries with the highest antibiotic consumption rate in the world were low and middle-income countries, where Turkey was reported as the country with the highest consumption. Methods This paper aims to present a new undergraduate course entitled “Rational use of antibiotics”, specifically designed for pharmacy technician students to increase their awareness on AMR and to equip them with knowledge and skills in promoting rational antibiotic use. The curriculum update was part of a larger international project, supported by the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnership Program (Project no: 2015-1-TR01-KA204-022393). Results Pharmacy technicians are among the most critical health professionals regarding rational antibiotic use because they can play a significant role in educating potential antibiotic users and have a multiplier effect in disseminating evidence-based knowledge. The 16-week long undergraduate course was designed by pharmacy and public health faculty with a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on topics such as epidemiology and control of communicable diseases, antibiotics, AMR and its public health consequences, legal regulations and medical practice regarding rational antibiotic use, as well as principles and methods of health promotion and health education. Conclusions Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the newly introduced undergraduate course on the rational use of antibiotics showed promising results, which indicate that designing specific courses for health professions students to combat AMR can be more widely practiced in countries with high antibiotic consumption. Public health academics can take a leading role and responsibility in the design of such multidisciplinary courses for undergraduate programs in health care. Key messages Specific courses on rational use of antibiotics can be effective in changing knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of healthcare professionals, and consecutively the general public in combatting AMR. Public health academics can take a leading role and responsibility in design of such multidisciplinary courses for undergraduate programs in health care.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial practices among small animal veterinarians in Greece: a survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Valiakos ◽  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
Christos Zafeiridis ◽  
Constantina N Tsokana ◽  
Victor J Del Rio Vilas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Abstract Background The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major issue in clinical practice in Greece with serious implications for public health and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to provide a first insight into the use of antibiotics by small animal practitioners in Greece and assess their compliance with general rules for the rational use of antibiotics. This is the first survey of its kind in Greece.Methods A questionnaire was designed to collect basic information on the use of antibiotics by pet veterinarians. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 70 veterinarians mainly operating in the region of Attica, a region that comprises almost 50% of the Greek population and where veterinarians are engaged solely in small animal practice. The questionnaire consisted of 37 closed questions dealing with various aspects on the use of antibiotics.Results The majority of respondents’ report cases where the pet owner initiated antibiotic treatment without veterinary prescription. Almost every clinician reported owner-compliance challenges. Regarding microbiological analysis, 73% of respondents prefer to adopt the empirical treatment while waiting the laboratory results or use antibiogram only when the treatment is unsuccessful. Eighty-eight per cent declared to use antimicrobials postoperatively in clean surgical procedures. Different types of antimicrobials and treatment durations than the ones proposed by guidelines on rational use of antibiotics are preferred for various organ systems e.g. in urinary and gastrointestinal infections. Conclusions Our findings suggest the need for guidelines on antibiotic use in small animal practice in Greece, and the deployment of systematic surveillance on antimicrobials use and resistance to inform the initial choice of antibiotics upon local antimicrobial resistance profiles. Targeting the other end of the problem, pet owners, our findings indicate the need to educate them on the rational use of antibiotics and, critically, stop antibiotic availability without prescription.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a multimodal intervention to promote rational antibiotic use in primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Petruschke ◽  
◽  
Florian Salm ◽  
Michelle Kaufmann ◽  
Antje Freytag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Multimodal Intervention ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use ◽  
Gp Training

Abstract Background Increasing antimicrobial resistance is a serious societal challenge affecting outpatient, inpatient and veterinary care. The German One-Health project, RAI (Rational use of Antibiotics via Information and Communication) addresses all three sectors. In the outpatient sector, General Practitioners (GPs) are the main prescribers of antibiotics and were therefore, targeted for this study. A multimodal intervention focusing on Acute Respiratory Tract infections (ARI) was designed and implemented. The aim of this study was to evaluate acceptance, rating and the self-reported impact of the intervention among GPs. Methods The intervention offered six tools: a GP training on rational antibiotic use, an app for self-monitoring, a leaflet and a set of posters (both for use as information materials in waiting rooms) and both digital and printed information prescriptions (material for ‘prescribing’ information instead of an antibiotic to the patient). The tools could be used according to individual preferences. The intervention was conducted between August 2016 and July 2017. Following the intervention, a three pages anonymous questionnaire was sent to all 271 participants. Items covered socio-demographic and professional background, use and judgement of the intervention tools (6 point Likert scale), impact of the intervention tools (4 point Likert scale). Results The response rate was 39% (n = 107). On average, respondents used 3.1 of the six available tools, with printed information prescriptions used most frequently (79%). Digital information prescriptions were used more frequently by men than by women (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.16–7.24; p = 0.02). Eighty-seven percent of respondents stated that information prescriptions supported doctor-patient communication. In a comparison of the overall impression of the different intervention tools the GP training on rational antibiotic use was rated best (1.67 on a 6 point scale with 1 = highest, 6 = lowest) and most often noted as having had a “strong” or “very strong” impact on personal antibiotic prescribing behavior. Conclusions The multimodal intervention addressing education and communication was well accepted among GPs and could help in fostering rational use of antibiotics in primary care.

scholarly journals Tackling Anti-microbial Resistance: An Ethical Framework for Rational Antibiotic Use

2020 ◽  
pp. 321-344
Author(s):  
Jasper Littmann ◽  
Annette Rid ◽  
Alena Buyx
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Acceptable Risks ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use

Abstract To reduce the effect of antimicrobial resistance and preserve antibiotic effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines and health policy documents call for the “rational use” of antibiotics that aims to avoid unnecessary or minimally effective antibiotic prescriptions. In this paper, we show that rational use programmes can lead to ethical conflicts because they place some patients at risk of harm – for example, a delayed switch to second-line antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia is associated with increased fatality rates. Implementing the rational use of antibiotics can therefore lead to conflicts between promoting patients’ clinical interests and preserving antibiotic effectiveness for future use. The resulting ethical dilemma for clinicians, patients and policy makers has so far not been adequately addressed. We argue that existing guidance for acceptable risks in clinical research can help to define risk thresholds for the rational use of antibiotics. We develop an ethical framework that allows clinicians and policy-makers to evaluate policies for rational antibiotic use in six practical steps.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial practices among small animal veterinarians in Greece: a survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Valiakos ◽  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
Christos Zafeiridis ◽  
Zoi Athanasakopoulou ◽  
Constantina N Tsokana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Abstract Background The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major issue in clinical practice in Greece with serious implications for public health and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to provide a first insight into the use of antibiotics by small animal practitioners in Greece and assess their compliance with general rules for the rational use of antibiotics. This is the first survey of its kind in Greece. Methods A questionnaire was designed to collect basic information on the use of antibiotics by pet veterinarians. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 70 veterinarians mainly operating in the region of Attica, a region that comprises almost 50% of the Greek population and where veterinarians are engaged solely in small animal practice. The questionnaire consisted of 37 closed questions dealing with various aspects on the use of antibiotics. Results The majority of respondents’ report cases where the pet owner initiated antibiotic treatment without veterinary prescription. Almost every clinician reported owner-compliance challenges. Regarding microbiological analysis, 73% of respondents prefer to adopt the empirical treatment while waiting the laboratory results or use antibiogram only when the treatment is unsuccessful. Eighty-eight per cent declared to use antimicrobials postoperatively in clean surgical procedures. Different types of antimicrobials and treatment durations than the ones proposed by guidelines on rational use of antibiotics are preferred for various organ systems e.g. in urinary and gastrointestinal infections. Conclusions Our findings suggest the need for guidelines on antibiotic use in small animal practice in Greece, and the deployment of systematic surveillance on antimicrobials use and resistance to inform the initial choice of antibiotics upon local antimicrobial resistance profiles. Targeting the other end of the problem, pet owners, our findings indicate the need to educate them on the rational use of antibiotics and, critically, stop antibiotic availability without prescription.

scholarly journals Self-medication with antibiotics among youths from Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Pyae Sone Win ◽  
Thida Win ◽  
Pa Pa Soe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Main Factor

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics becomes a public health concern in both developed and developing countries. It is a risk factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics varies across the countries, and such studies are still limited in Myanmar. Therefore, we aimed at describing the prevalence of and the factors facilitating self-medication with antibiotics in Myanmar.Methods: This cross-sectional study included face-to-face interviewing of 360 youths randomly selected from 6 townships of Mandalay city, Myanmar.Results: In this study, 36.67% of the youths self-medicated with antibiotics in the six months before the survey. The most common antibiotic used for self-medication was amoxicillin (70.94%). Runny nose (35.61%), cough (26.52%), and fever (25.76%) were the most typical symptoms for which antibiotics were taken. The main factor facilitating self-medication with antibiotics was easy accessibility (86.36%).  One-third of youths selected antibiotics based on the advice of drugstore’s sellers. Most of the youths bought antibiotics at nearby drugstores. About two-thirds of youths stopped taking antibiotics after taking them one or two days, regardless of the outcome.Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was high among Myanmar youths. Law enforcement and regulations for inappropriate use of antibiotics is an urgent need to alleviate the consequences of self-medication with antibiotics. Awareness-raising and educational program targeting both drugstore owners and the public through various channels is necessary to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Study on knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to antibiotic use among medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Bhavika D. ◽  
A. Naga Teja Pavani ◽  
G. Meghavani ◽  
Aditya Jillella ◽  
Sameer Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Background: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a serious global problem. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is one of the key factors responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance. As today’s medical students will be the future prescribers their awareness regarding antibiotic resistance and rational prescribing of antibiotics is very much important. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the medical students towards antibiotic use.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted involving the medical students from all the semesters. A predesigned questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents. The response options were ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for some questions, and a 5 point Likert scale used to assess some questions. The data was analyzed using MS office Excel.Results: A total of 457 fully completed questionnaires from the respondents were evaluated. Majority of the respondents (70%) were females, and 91% of the respondents were aware of antibiotic resistance as a global problem. On analysis of score of questions assessing knowledge, 91% of respondents had attained a score in the range of 5-7. Majority (83%) of the respondents used antibiotics only on doctor’s prescription and 74% of the respondents had completed the prescribed course.Conclusions: The present study gives an insight on the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students on antibiotic use, and can be used as a tool to plan educational strategies to improve the knowledge of the students regarding rational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Edukasi Terhadap Pasien Rawat Jalan Tentang Penggunaan Antibiotik di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Wirda Anggraini ◽  
◽  
Melisa Rezki Puspitasari ◽  
Ria Ramadhani Dwi Atmaja ◽  
Hajar Sugihantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are drugs that work to kill and or inhibit bacterial growth. Antibiotics are a class of prescriptions drugs that are widely used in the management of pharmacological therapy. Antibiotic knowledge must be used rationally and requires knowledge for the patient. Low levels of knowledge about the use of antibiotics can lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics, so there is a risk of causing side effects of antibiotics. Providing education is one way that can be used to increase knowledge about rational use of antibiotics. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of education on the use of antibiotics on outpatients at Kanjuruhan Hospital Malang Regency. This type of research was an Quasi-experimental by using one group pre-test post-test and prospective with sampling using accidental sampling technique data collection of 62 respondents. The result of the research showed that in pre test 44% respondents were having lack antibiotic-use knowledge, 35% respondents were having sufficient antibiotic-use knowledge, and 21% respondents were having good antibiotic-use knowledge. In post-test, 3% respondents belong to low-category, 15% respondents belong to medium-category, and 82% respondents belong to high-category. The T-test showed differences in scores between before and after being given education with a significance value of 0.00 (p value <0.05). The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of providing education on the level of knowledge of outpatients in Kanjuruhan Hospital Malang Regency.

scholarly journals Self-Medication with Antibiotics among University Students in LMIC: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 678-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rixiang Xu ◽  
Tingyu Mu ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Introduction: Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is common among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there has been no meta-analysis and systematic review in the population. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for the period from January 2000 to July 2018. Only observational studies that had SMA among university students from LMICs were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) due to the expected heterogeneity (I2 over 50%). Results: The pooled prevalence of SMA of overall included studies was 46.0% (95% CI: 40.3% to 51.8%). Africa had the highest pooled prevalence of SMA among university students (55.30%), whereas South America had the lowest prevalence (38.3%). Among individual LMICs, the prevalence of SMA among university students varied from as low as 11.1% in Brazil to 90.7% in Congo. Conclusions: The practice of SMA is a widespread phenomenon among university students in LMICs and is frequently associated with inappropriate use. Effective interventions such as medication education and stricter governmental regulation concerning antibiotic use and sale are required to be established in order to deal with SMA properly.

scholarly journals Preferences based interventions to address the use of antibiotics without prescription: a discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Johanna Aponte-González ◽  
Paul Brown ◽  
Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Attention Level

Background: In many countries, concerns have arisen over the population using antibiotics without consulting a physician. This practice can place patients at risk and increase antibiotic resistance in the community. Objective: To evaluate individuals' preferences regarding the use of antibiotics. The study also assessed the likely effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted in Bogotá, Colombia. The attributes were determined by a systematic literature review and four focus group sessions. The DCE included nine factors – cost, time to get attention, level of symptoms, efficacy, safety, among others- and one label -using or not antibiotics. Data analysis was carried out using a generalized multinomial logit (GMNL) model. Marginal probabilities of different sets of attributes' levels were compared to estimate the likely effectiveness of interventions. Results: The survey was administered to 222 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The results suggest that participants preferred not taking antibiotics and having a physician as an advisor, but the probability of inappropriate antibiotic use increased as the waiting time or the cost of receiving advice rose. The pharmacy was the preferred source of antibiotics, and participants chose the pharmacy worker (nonprofessional) as an advisor over the nurse on the phone. In the absence of any interventions aimed at reducing the use of antibiotics, approximately 47.3% of people would misuse antibiotics. This reduces to 26.5% when people perceive the efficacy of the antibiotics as low and the potential risks of self-medicating as high. An alternative model using a nursing service would likely lower inappropriate use of antibiotics. Conclusions: Even though people prefer not using antibiotics or visiting a physician in case of disease rather than self-medicating, current access conditions might discourage them from appropriately use antibiotics. The results suggest that interventions that informing people about the risks of self-medication and the low efficacy might significantly reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics. Our results also suggest that programs that empower other health professionals to provide access to antibiotics would likely further lower inappropriate use.

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