scholarly journals Self-medication with antibiotics among youths from Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Pyae Sone Win ◽  
Thida Win ◽  
Pa Pa Soe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Main Factor

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics becomes a public health concern in both developed and developing countries. It is a risk factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics varies across the countries, and such studies are still limited in Myanmar. Therefore, we aimed at describing the prevalence of and the factors facilitating self-medication with antibiotics in Myanmar.Methods: This cross-sectional study included face-to-face interviewing of 360 youths randomly selected from 6 townships of Mandalay city, Myanmar.Results: In this study, 36.67% of the youths self-medicated with antibiotics in the six months before the survey. The most common antibiotic used for self-medication was amoxicillin (70.94%). Runny nose (35.61%), cough (26.52%), and fever (25.76%) were the most typical symptoms for which antibiotics were taken. The main factor facilitating self-medication with antibiotics was easy accessibility (86.36%).  One-third of youths selected antibiotics based on the advice of drugstore’s sellers. Most of the youths bought antibiotics at nearby drugstores. About two-thirds of youths stopped taking antibiotics after taking them one or two days, regardless of the outcome.Conclusions: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was high among Myanmar youths. Law enforcement and regulations for inappropriate use of antibiotics is an urgent need to alleviate the consequences of self-medication with antibiotics. Awareness-raising and educational program targeting both drugstore owners and the public through various channels is necessary to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use and knowledge in the community of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Belkina ◽  
Abdullah Al Warafi ◽  
Elhassan Hussein Eltom ◽  
Nigora Tadjieva ◽  
Ales Kubena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. We examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic use in three Asian countries. Methodology: A nationwide cross-sectional study of teachers in large cities of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan was conducted. A random sample of 1,200 teachers was selected in each country. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey and then analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic use ranged from 48% in Saudi Arabia to 78% in Yemen and Uzbekistan. Pharmacies were the main source of non-prescribed antibiotics. The most common reasons for antibiotic use were cough (40%) and influenza (34%). Forty-nine percent of respondents discontinued antibiotics when they felt better. Although awareness of the dangers of antibiotic use correlated inversely with self-medication, understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics was limited. Conclusions: The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication in the educated adult population in the studied countries was found to be alarmingly high. Effective strategies involving regulatory enforcement prohibiting sales of antibiotics without prescription should be implemented along with educational interventions for health professionals and the public.

scholarly journals Circumstances leading to self-diagnosis and self-medication in the Municipality of Marabá (State of Pará, Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Amanda Neves da Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Brito Cavalcante ◽  
Jobson dos Anjos Ferreira ◽  
Daniela Soares Leite
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
The Relationship

The theme medication/self-diagnosis presents contrary opinions about what is right or wrong, in addition to being scarce the quantitative studies with the purpose to clarify the causes of these two dangerous practices. For both, the objective of this study was to identify the causes that influence the self-diagnosis and medication, as well as analyze failures in public assistance in health, which can be promoting the avoidance of the patient to search for an alternative medicine, evidencing the risk that this done can promote. It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, of qualitative nature, carried out in all health centers in the urban area of Marabá (Pará State, Brazil), through the application of forms and having the data analyzed and tabulated, making use mainly of Chi-square statistical test. The results showed that education is not directly related to the medication, which before was vacant in literature, but the main result highlighted expressed that the motivation for the choice of ingesting medication without prescription, are the difficulties encountered in SUS, the poor quality of care and failures in the relationship doctor patient of the public health service.

scholarly journals A Study on Assessment of Knowledge on Self-medication Among the Students A Crossectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
The People ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Rational Practice

Self-medication is very frequent and common among the people. Several side effects have been reported to be associated with inappropriate use of self-medication like risk of drug dependence, abuse, major drug interactions and adverse effects. The aim of this study is designed to assess knowledge on self-medication among students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in students of various department located in Ghaziabad, UP, India. A total of 200 students were enrolled and interviewed using prevalidated questionnaire on self-medication. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to represent the sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge levels. Association of various socio-demographic variables with Knowledge levels are determined using the Chi-square test. A total of 200 students are recruited in these 53(26.5%) diploma in pharmacy, 128 (64%) bachelor’s in pharmacy, 19 (9.7%) master’s in pharmacy. Among 200 respondents, 90 (45.2%) good knowledge on self-medication. Subject’s age, residential status, and occupation of their parents were significantly associated with knowledge and rational practice on self-medication with a P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: The study concludes there is lack of knowledge on responsible side effect of self-medication.

scholarly journals Illness Seeking Behavior and Self-Medication Practice Among Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Nighat Musa ◽  
Yasir Mehmood ◽  
Asghar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Seeking Behavior

OBJECTIVES: To determine the illness seeking behavior and self-medication among students of private medical college in Peshawar.METHODOLOGY:This study was a cross sectional descriptive study. It was conducted from September till December 2018. Study setting was a private medical college of Peshawar. A total of 250 students were recruited after taking well informed consent. Sampling technique was stratified sampling, from every academic year proportional number of students was selected for the study. Pilot study to check feasibility of questionnaire was done on 10% sample size. Data was collected from students by face-to-face interviews. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. RESULTS:The study data regarding illness-seeking behaviors among medical students showed that 162 (64.8%) out of 250 practiced self-medication. The common illness was fever, headache and sore throat. Students used pain-killers and antibiotics without getting consultation. CONCLUSION:Self-medication is common among medical students of all five professional years in medical college of Gandhara University Peshawar. Regarding illness seeking behaviors most of the students preferred self-medication as most of the time medicines are available without prescription in the medical stores. However, still some percentage of students prefers to consult doctors or pharmacist before taking any medicine for their illness.KEYWORDS: Illness, Behavior, Self-Medication, Medical Students, Headache

scholarly journals Antibiotic Dispensing Practices in Community Pharmacies: A Major Health Concern in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Aimerance Bahati Ntizala ◽  
Tresor Yoshua Mulume ◽  
Bernard Lukundja Runyeruka ◽  
Antoine Sadiki Kishabongo
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Important Drug

Aims: The practice of antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies may contribute to irrational use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic dispensing patterns in community pharmacies of the Eastern DRCongo. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out at Bukavu city. The study included 1504 subjects attending community pharmacies. Thus, a total number of 40 pharmacies were selected. The sociodemographic profiles of patients and dispensers were also recorded. The pharmacological interventions were investigated in terms of antibiotics dispensed according to patient’s complaints, antibiotic dispensing with or without prescription, the substitution of antibiotics in prescriptions. Results: Participants attending pharmacies for antibiotic needs were in the mean age of 29.8±13 years. Most of the pharmacy workers consisted of pharmacy technicians (70%) and no trained dispensers (20%). Pharmacists represented only 10% of all dispensers in community pharmacies. We found that 67.8% of subjects purchased antibiotics without prescription. The antibiotics dispensed without prescription were either on patients’ requests (70.1%) or the suggestion of dispensers (29.9%). Only 18.4% of prescriptions were subject to substitution. The conditions for requiring antibiotic dispensing without prescriptions were respectively gastrointestinal (34%), respiratory (27%), genitourinary (25%), skin (11%) and dental (2%) infections. Conditions that were not well defined represented 1%. In cephalosporins, Cefixime was the most important drug dispensed without prescription (72.5%) whereas in penicillins, this was Amoxicillin (55.5%). Doxycycline was more dispensed in the class of cyclines (69.4%). Erythromycin (53.1%) and Azithromycin (29.4%) were more dispensed in the class of macrolides. Ciprofloxacin was the most dispensed drug in the class of quinolones (74.3%) and Metronidazole (86.8%) in the class of imidazoles. Conclusion: The Antibiotic dispensing practice is very critical in the community pharmacies of Bukavu city due to the lack of qualified dispensers. This may increase the antibiotic self-medication and contribute to antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Patients' Knowledge and Awareness towards Use of Antibiotics in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in Three Tertiary Healthcare Centers in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moni Rani Saha ◽  
Shammy Sarwar ◽  
Manik Chandra Shill ◽  
Mohammad Shahriar
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare

This study is aimed to estimate general knowledge and awareness of patients regarding use of antibiotics to find out possible reasons of irrational use of antibiotics in Bangladesh. It was a questionnaire based crosssectional health survey conducted on 350 subjects aged 18 or over who came to get service at three tertiary healthcare centers named Dhaka Medical College (DMC) Hospital, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) Mitford Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was found from the study that the general knowledge of the patients about the indication of antibiotics was very poor. Majority of the patients did not know the appropriate use of antibiotics. Only 26% respondents answered correctly that antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections. In addition, 38.97% of them also did not know that an antibiotic is a prescription drug and should not be used without doctor’s prescription. The awareness about the patients towards use of antibiotics was also poor. A very high percentage of the patients (51.71%) answered that they do not complete the full course of therapy. Surprisingly, 39.14% of the patients replied that they stop antibiotics when the symptoms disappear and remarkably 14.29% just make the dose double if they forget to take due dose. On the other hand, 28.86% of the patients said that they do not maintain dosing schedule during the course of therapy. Moreover, prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in cold and fever was also extremely high (60.86%). This study indicates that there is an urgent need of health education for the community to increase knowledge and awareness about use of antibiotics to decrease the self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Key words: Antibiotics; General Knowledge; Awareness; Tertiary Healthcare Center; Health Education DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6799S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 54-58

scholarly journals Self-medication Practice of Antibiotics among Medical and Dental Undergraduate Students in a Medical College in Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (225) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Kumari Mandal ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniyar ◽  
Dilli Sher Rai ◽  
Dipesh Raj Panday ◽  
Ramayan Kushwaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Institutional Review

Introduction: Self-medication plays significant role in the development of adverse drug reactions,antibiotic resistance, and masking of underlying diseases. Medical students have some knowledgeabout the use of antibiotics and have a higher chance of irrational and injudicious use. This studyaims to find the prevalence of self-medication practice of antibiotics among medical and dentalundergraduate students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among medical and dental undergraduatestudents from the first year to the fifth year at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences from 1st June2018 to 30th August 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee(IRC/1210/018). Whole sampling was done. Data was collected using a self-responding, semistructured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5. Results: In total 558 students, the prevalence of self-medication practice of different antibioticswas 285 (51.1%) within the past year. Among self-medicated students, 152 (53.3%) were males. Thecommon drug self-medicated was Azithromycin 80 (28.1%) and the common medical condition touse non-prescription antibiotics was for treatment of sore throat with runny nose 129 (45.3%). Themain source for obtaining non-prescription antibiotics were retail pharmacies 157 (55.1%). Conclusions: Self-medication with antibiotics was at increasing rate with each succeeding yearsof the medical courses. Medical students should be made aware of the rational use of antibioticsby incorporating appropriate courses in their academic curriculum for more refined practice onantibiotics rather than advancement of theoretical knowledge alone.

scholarly journals Self-Medication with Antibiotic among Public Population in Erbil City

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Rozhan Arif Muhammed ◽  
Ahmed Habeeb Hattab Dala Ali Al-Ani ◽  
Ali Omar Yassen
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Controls ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Self-medication is the administration of medications without a medical prescription to manage self-diagnosed health problems or symptoms. Self-medication with antibiotics is a global phenomenon, and it is more common in developing countries due to poor regulatory controls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in Erbil city, Iraq. This was an observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 100 people from the public population in Erbil City, Iraq. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Among 100 participants, 90% of them were self-medicated with antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most commonly used antibiotic for self-medication. For successful treatment, 77% of the participants were satisfied by self-medication with the antibiotic. The primary source for the antibiotic was from a community pharmacy with 38%. The study showed that there is a significant association between self-medication with antibiotics and the occupational status of the participants. Self-medication with antibiotics was found to be prevalent among the public population of Erbil City. As a recommendation regulatory control should be implemented to prevent dispensing antibiotics without a medical prescription.

scholarly journals Pattern of Self-Medication with Prescription Medicines Among Residents of Ilorin in North Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Muslim Olakunle Jamiu ◽  
AbdulAzeez Iyabode Fatima ◽  
Aliyu Fullaila Onozare
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Prescription Medicines

Background: The challenge posed by inappropriate use of medicine is of global concern. It is associated with patient using his discretion to choose the type of medication to self-treat a perceived ailment and the choice of medication usually devoid of health care professional input. Objective: The significance of this study was to assess the pattern of self-medication with selected prescription medicines among residents of Agbo-Oba area of Ilorin, Kwara State. Method: The method was a descriptive cross-sectional study of residents of Agbo Oba area of Ilorin between January to May 2019 with self-designed validated questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used to select the participant who met the criteria for selection. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 38.5±11.8 with minimum age of 19 and maximum age of 70 years. The most occurring age group was 26-35 years and primary school level of education, and artisan/trader were the most predominant in self-medication. Among the prescription medicines, antibiotics were the most self-used followed by steroids and cyproheptadine. Females were shown to practice self-medication more than their male counterpart. Marital status and level of education were factors that influenced awareness of risk factors associated with self-medication among the study participants, p-value = 0.017 and 0.039, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication with prescription medicines was high and appeared to be more among female than male. Specifically, female misuse oral corticosteroids and cyproheptadine more and marital status and occupation type are strong predictors of their awareness of potential risks associated with self-use of prescription medicines.

scholarly journals The Irrational Use of Antibiotics Among Doctors, Pharmacists and the Public in River Nile State, Sudan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara H Oleim ◽  
Sufian K Noor ◽  
Sarra O Bushara ◽  
M H Ahmed ◽  
Wadie Elmadhoun
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Study Population

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic prescription, dispensing and self-medication are alarmingly high worldwide. The problem is more so in developing countries, including Sudan, where resistance to life-saving drugs is emerging. Objective: to assess the prevalence of irrational use of antibiotics among doctors, pharmacists and the public in River Nile State (RNS), Sudan. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, in March 2014 through April 2014. The study population was 278 individuals, composed of 100 doctors, 78 pharmacists selected randomly from hospitals, pharmacies and health centers, besides 100 adults from the community. Three different interviewer-administered standardized pre-tested questionnaires were used for data collection. Results:antibiotic misuse is common practice among both medicals as well as the public in RNS. This was evidenced by the facts that 92% of doctors prescribed antibiotics without culture and sensitivity results, more than 93% of pharmacists dispensed antibiotics as over the counter medications and that 89% of participants used antibiotics without consulting a doctor. More than 90% of the misused antibiotics werebeta-lactams and macrolides and the most common indication for their use was cough and common cold. Conclusion: Irrational use of antibiotics is a widespread practice in RNS among all stakeholders. Therefore, health care policy makers and care providers should have antibiotic policy and clear to follow obligatory guidelines and to ensure that the public and every prescriber/dispenser conforms to that policy. Moreover, increasing awareness about the appropriate antibiotic use among all stakeholders is of paramount importance.

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