scholarly journals Antimicrobial practices among small animal veterinarians in Greece: a survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Valiakos ◽  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
Christos Zafeiridis ◽  
Zoi Athanasakopoulou ◽  
Constantina N Tsokana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Abstract Background The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major issue in clinical practice in Greece with serious implications for public health and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to provide a first insight into the use of antibiotics by small animal practitioners in Greece and assess their compliance with general rules for the rational use of antibiotics. This is the first survey of its kind in Greece. Methods A questionnaire was designed to collect basic information on the use of antibiotics by pet veterinarians. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 70 veterinarians mainly operating in the region of Attica, a region that comprises almost 50% of the Greek population and where veterinarians are engaged solely in small animal practice. The questionnaire consisted of 37 closed questions dealing with various aspects on the use of antibiotics. Results The majority of respondents’ report cases where the pet owner initiated antibiotic treatment without veterinary prescription. Almost every clinician reported owner-compliance challenges. Regarding microbiological analysis, 73% of respondents prefer to adopt the empirical treatment while waiting the laboratory results or use antibiogram only when the treatment is unsuccessful. Eighty-eight per cent declared to use antimicrobials postoperatively in clean surgical procedures. Different types of antimicrobials and treatment durations than the ones proposed by guidelines on rational use of antibiotics are preferred for various organ systems e.g. in urinary and gastrointestinal infections. Conclusions Our findings suggest the need for guidelines on antibiotic use in small animal practice in Greece, and the deployment of systematic surveillance on antimicrobials use and resistance to inform the initial choice of antibiotics upon local antimicrobial resistance profiles. Targeting the other end of the problem, pet owners, our findings indicate the need to educate them on the rational use of antibiotics and, critically, stop antibiotic availability without prescription.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial practices among small animal veterinarians in Greece: a survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Valiakos ◽  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
Christos Zafeiridis ◽  
Constantina N Tsokana ◽  
Victor J Del Rio Vilas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Abstract Background The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major issue in clinical practice in Greece with serious implications for public health and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to provide a first insight into the use of antibiotics by small animal practitioners in Greece and assess their compliance with general rules for the rational use of antibiotics. This is the first survey of its kind in Greece.Methods A questionnaire was designed to collect basic information on the use of antibiotics by pet veterinarians. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 70 veterinarians mainly operating in the region of Attica, a region that comprises almost 50% of the Greek population and where veterinarians are engaged solely in small animal practice. The questionnaire consisted of 37 closed questions dealing with various aspects on the use of antibiotics.Results The majority of respondents’ report cases where the pet owner initiated antibiotic treatment without veterinary prescription. Almost every clinician reported owner-compliance challenges. Regarding microbiological analysis, 73% of respondents prefer to adopt the empirical treatment while waiting the laboratory results or use antibiogram only when the treatment is unsuccessful. Eighty-eight per cent declared to use antimicrobials postoperatively in clean surgical procedures. Different types of antimicrobials and treatment durations than the ones proposed by guidelines on rational use of antibiotics are preferred for various organ systems e.g. in urinary and gastrointestinal infections. Conclusions Our findings suggest the need for guidelines on antibiotic use in small animal practice in Greece, and the deployment of systematic surveillance on antimicrobials use and resistance to inform the initial choice of antibiotics upon local antimicrobial resistance profiles. Targeting the other end of the problem, pet owners, our findings indicate the need to educate them on the rational use of antibiotics and, critically, stop antibiotic availability without prescription.

scholarly journals Rational Antibiotic Use by Ordinary People in Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Sherly Tandi Arrang ◽  
Fonny Cokro ◽  
Erlia Anggrainy Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use

Self-medication is defined as self treatment and self-diagnose for conditions such as cough, flu, fever, pain, stomach ulcers, worms, diarrhea, rash, and some other minor illnesses. Based on the data from Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2013), there were 103.860 of 294.959 households (35,2%) in Indonesia which store medicines for selfmedication (including 35,7% “Obat Keras” or “Gevaarlijk” and 27,8% antibiotics). DKI Jakarta (56,4%) is the highest province with respect to stored medicines. Some studies have found that 40-62% of antibiotics are not used properly. The inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance risk and can be life-threatening for people in every part of the world. To address this problem, this community service was conducted to provide information about selfmedication of influenza and cough illness and to improve people’s knowledge in the proper use of antibiotics. Lecturing was chosen as the method for explaining the rational use of antibiotics and participants were requested to fill out a questionnaire. This activity was attended by 34 participants (and 32 participants filled out the questionnaire). About 13 participants (40,6%) provided correct answers to questions on the proper use of antibiotics. Twenty six participants (81,25%) said they had previously used antibiotics, 14 of them (53,85%) admitted to purchasing antibiotics without a prescription. Antibiotics are taken to treat symptoms such as runny nose, cough, sore throat, fever, and other conditions. A total of 7 participants (26,92%) admitted taking antibiotics with dosage modification and 8 participants (30,77%) switched one type of antibiotics with another type of antibiotics. Based on the results, we concluded that people did not have sufficient knowledge about the rational use of antibiotics. We suggested that counseling about the proper use of antibiotics should be improved.

scholarly journals Empirical antibiotic therapy in infectious diseases of small animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
А. Vyniarska ◽  
M. Kajpus M. Kajpus ◽  
D. Gufrij ◽  
А. Gamota
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance is an important risk factor for human and animal health.  The inappropriate use of antibiotics for productive animals has a direct link with the selection and distribution of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in humans, which leads to the loss of effective antibiotics for the treatment of many infectious diseases in humane and veterinary medicine. This attracts the attention of the scientists of the whole world, as the number of infectious diseases increases, are not treatable and end lethal.  The global problem of the use of antibiotics in productive animals, the emergence and spread of resistant pathogenic microorganisms has been reflected in a number of international declarations and documents. Organization of food products control and Agriculture (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) have developed strategic principles for the purpose of productive interaction and cooperation in the field of human health, animal health and the stability of the ecological system. However, in most programs, including national ones, control over the use of antibiotics is concentrated on productive animals, in connection with the risk of the residual quantities of antibiotics and persistent microorganisms in the human body. In contrast, the use of antibiotics for small animals remains beyond the attention of scientists and is less controlled, and the danger of the emergence and spread of resistant forms of microorganisms – high. The development of resistance of microorganisms in small animals is facilitated by various factors, which are basically based on non-compliance with the principles of rational use of antibiotics. Free access to antibiotics in Ukraine complicates this situation, since the owners of animals are engaged in the treatment of their pets, which also contributes to the development of resistance of microorganisms. In this article the basic principles of rational use of antibiotics for small animals and the experience of using antibiotics of various pharmacological groups in various diseases in clinical practice in recent years are analyzed.

scholarly journals Study on knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to antibiotic use among medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Bhavika D. ◽  
A. Naga Teja Pavani ◽  
G. Meghavani ◽  
Aditya Jillella ◽  
Sameer Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Background: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a serious global problem. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is one of the key factors responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance. As today’s medical students will be the future prescribers their awareness regarding antibiotic resistance and rational prescribing of antibiotics is very much important. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the medical students towards antibiotic use.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted involving the medical students from all the semesters. A predesigned questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents. The response options were ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for some questions, and a 5 point Likert scale used to assess some questions. The data was analyzed using MS office Excel.Results: A total of 457 fully completed questionnaires from the respondents were evaluated. Majority of the respondents (70%) were females, and 91% of the respondents were aware of antibiotic resistance as a global problem. On analysis of score of questions assessing knowledge, 91% of respondents had attained a score in the range of 5-7. Majority (83%) of the respondents used antibiotics only on doctor’s prescription and 74% of the respondents had completed the prescribed course.Conclusions: The present study gives an insight on the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students on antibiotic use, and can be used as a tool to plan educational strategies to improve the knowledge of the students regarding rational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Edukasi Terhadap Pasien Rawat Jalan Tentang Penggunaan Antibiotik di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Wirda Anggraini ◽  
◽  
Melisa Rezki Puspitasari ◽  
Ria Ramadhani Dwi Atmaja ◽  
Hajar Sugihantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are drugs that work to kill and or inhibit bacterial growth. Antibiotics are a class of prescriptions drugs that are widely used in the management of pharmacological therapy. Antibiotic knowledge must be used rationally and requires knowledge for the patient. Low levels of knowledge about the use of antibiotics can lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics, so there is a risk of causing side effects of antibiotics. Providing education is one way that can be used to increase knowledge about rational use of antibiotics. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of education on the use of antibiotics on outpatients at Kanjuruhan Hospital Malang Regency. This type of research was an Quasi-experimental by using one group pre-test post-test and prospective with sampling using accidental sampling technique data collection of 62 respondents. The result of the research showed that in pre test 44% respondents were having lack antibiotic-use knowledge, 35% respondents were having sufficient antibiotic-use knowledge, and 21% respondents were having good antibiotic-use knowledge. In post-test, 3% respondents belong to low-category, 15% respondents belong to medium-category, and 82% respondents belong to high-category. The T-test showed differences in scores between before and after being given education with a significance value of 0.00 (p value <0.05). The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of providing education on the level of knowledge of outpatients in Kanjuruhan Hospital Malang Regency.

scholarly journals Rational Use of Antibiotics – A Point Prevalence Study Carried out at a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Introduction: The burden of antibiotic resistance in the hospitals and communities is progressively worsening hence the critical need to put into practice all the key components of rational use of antibiotics in our daily patient interactions. This paper aims to highlight the problem of antibiotic resistance, the importance of rational use of antibiotics and to show an on the spot sketch of the antibiotic use pattern among in-patients in the children wards in a tertiary hospital. Methodology: A brief review of the existing literature on antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibiotics was done. A one-day cross-sectional point prevalence study was conducted in the children wards in UPTH and all children receiving antibiotics on that day, identified. The prevalence of antibiotic use was determined by dividing the number of inpatients on antibiotics at the time of the survey by the total number of patients on admission. Data were presented in percentages using pie and bar charts. Results: There were a total of 40 children on admission in the paediatric wards with a Male: Female ratio of 1.2:1. 34 (85.0%) of the children on admission were receiving at least one antibiotic. The most common route of administration of the antibiotics was the intravenous route (94.1%). The five most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the children medical wards and the emergency ward were Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin, Cefuroxime, Metronidazole and Crystalline penicillin, while the five most common antibiotics prescribed in the special care baby unit were Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole and Ofloxacin. Only 10 (29.4%) out of children receiving antibiotics had a microbiology culture result available, and 4 were receiving antibiotics in line with the culture sensitivity pattern. Two (5.9%) children had a multidrug-resistant infection. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of antibiotic use among inpatients and low utilization of microbiology culture results in the choice of antibiotics in a tertiary hospital in South-south Nigeria. Antibiotic prescribing patterns among healthcare workers should be improved upon by training and retraining of personnel as well as strict adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotic usage among university students from Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Dnyanesh Limaye ◽  
Patrick Ziesenis ◽  
Vaidehi Limaye ◽  
Mansoor Ahmad ◽  
Farah Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Medical Advances

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global problem. A potential post-antibiotic era is threatening present and future medical advances. In Pakistan, the usage of antibiotic is unnecessarily high and due to over exposure to these drugs, bacteria are developing resistance against these drugs. It is necessary to improve public awareness about the rational use of antibiotics in order to bring a change in consumer’s behaviour. Therefore, present study was undertaken to assess the existing knowledge, attitude and practices related to antibiotic usage among university students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from Karachi, Pakistan during May-June 2018. 200 students were approached to participate in the study of which 159 agreed to participate (males: 70, females: 89). Pretested questionnaire was distributed to the study subjects and the collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: Substantial number of (33% and 50%) participants were unaware about the differences in antibiotic: anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic: antipyretics respectively. 29% of the participants thought it is right to stop antibiotics only based on symptomatic improvement. Thirty nine percent and eighty three percent participants believed that antibiotics should always be prescribed to treat flu like symptoms and pneumonia respectively.Conclusions: Participants demonstrated average knowledge about antibiotics. Similarly, their attitude and practice toward antibiotic use was associated with misconceptions. An educational intervention is necessary to make them aware about rational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Decrease in Antibiotic Sales in Brazil After New Control Legislation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S61-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Slain ◽  
Rogerio Lopes-Júnior ◽  
Maria Inês De Toledo ◽  
Fernando Del Fiol ◽  
Silvio Barberato-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Prescription Form ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Background Brazil, like many Latin American countries, has struggled with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community without a prescription form a physician. Since November 2010, The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency has established stricter control of antibiotic sales, which requires that a copy of antibiotic prescriptions be retained by the pharmacy for audit. Pharmacists now also have more severe civil and criminal liability if they allow the sale of antibiotics without a prescription. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the new legislation preventing the sale of antibiotics in pharmacies without a prescription. Methods The data for antibiotic usage in units was collected from electronic monitoring of pharmacy members of the Brazilian Federation of Pharmacies (FEBRAFAR), which tracked information about the antibiotics sold in approximately 3,000 pharmacies from 1,500 municipalities across Brazil. We compared the sale of antibiotics during two time periods: 12 months prior to the new legislation and 12 months after. Results We observed a reduction in pharmacy sales of each class of antibiotics included in this study following the implementation of the new legislation. Pharmacy sales for 27 (84.4%) of the 32 antibiotics included in the study were reduced in response to the new legislation, whereas sales of five antibiotics were increased. Overall, tetracycline (−57.8%), co-trimoxazole (−28.8%), and amoxicillin (−29.1%) showed the largest reduction of all agents. With month to month analysis, the greatest reduction in units sold/month was observed for the following therapeutic classes: tetracyclines (30.5%), sulfonamides (28.5%), macrolides (25.0%), and penicillins (20.5%). Yearly trend analysis showed a significant reduction in antibiotics during the winter months (average monthly difference: −31.5%, P &lt; 0.05) Conclusion The reduction in the number of antibiotic units sold by pharmacies after the implementation of legislation designed to regulate antibiotic use in Brazil suggests that the policy is successful and will contribute to rational use of antibiotics in Brazil. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Curriculum update for future pharmacy technicians to enhance rational use of antibiotics in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Karadag Caman ◽  
S Uner ◽  
B Arica Yegin ◽  
H Ozcebe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Undergraduate Programs ◽  
Rational Antibiotic Use

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health issues and training of healthcare professionals and the public needs to be an integral part of all AMR efforts. In 2015, four out of six countries with the highest antibiotic consumption rate in the world were low and middle-income countries, where Turkey was reported as the country with the highest consumption. Methods This paper aims to present a new undergraduate course entitled “Rational use of antibiotics”, specifically designed for pharmacy technician students to increase their awareness on AMR and to equip them with knowledge and skills in promoting rational antibiotic use. The curriculum update was part of a larger international project, supported by the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnership Program (Project no: 2015-1-TR01-KA204-022393). Results Pharmacy technicians are among the most critical health professionals regarding rational antibiotic use because they can play a significant role in educating potential antibiotic users and have a multiplier effect in disseminating evidence-based knowledge. The 16-week long undergraduate course was designed by pharmacy and public health faculty with a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on topics such as epidemiology and control of communicable diseases, antibiotics, AMR and its public health consequences, legal regulations and medical practice regarding rational antibiotic use, as well as principles and methods of health promotion and health education. Conclusions Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the newly introduced undergraduate course on the rational use of antibiotics showed promising results, which indicate that designing specific courses for health professions students to combat AMR can be more widely practiced in countries with high antibiotic consumption. Public health academics can take a leading role and responsibility in the design of such multidisciplinary courses for undergraduate programs in health care. Key messages Specific courses on rational use of antibiotics can be effective in changing knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of healthcare professionals, and consecutively the general public in combatting AMR. Public health academics can take a leading role and responsibility in design of such multidisciplinary courses for undergraduate programs in health care.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification—Farmers’ practices in northeastern Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243099
Author(s):  
Gunilla Ström Hallenberg ◽  
Jatesada Jiwakanon ◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul ◽  
Seri Kang-air ◽  
Kristina Osbjer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Understanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in livestock is crucial for tailoring efficient incentives for responsible use of antibiotics. Here we compared routines for antibiotic use between pig farms of two different levels of intensification in Khon Kaen province in Thailand. Among the 113 family-owned small-scale farms (up to 50 sows) interviewed did 76% get advice from the pharmacy about how to use the antibiotics and 84% used it primarily for treating disease. Among the 51 medium-scale-farms (100–500 sows) belonging to two companies did 100% get advice about antibiotic use from the company’s veterinarian (P<0.0001) and 94% used antibiotics mostly as disease preventive measure (P<0.0001). In 2 small scale farms 3rd generation cephalosporins, tylosin or colistin were used; antibiotics belonging to the group of highest priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. Enrofloxacin, belonging to the same group of antimicrobials, was used in 33% of the small-scale and 41% of the medium-scale farms. In the latter farms, the companies supplied 3–4 antibiotics belonging to different classes and those were the only antibiotics used in the farms. The median and mean estimated expenditure on antibiotics per sow was 4.8 USD (IQR = 5.8) for small-scale farms and 7 USD and 3.4 USD for the medium-scale farms belonging to the two respective companies. Our observations suggest to target the following areas when pig farming transitions from small-scale to medium-scale: (i) strengthening access to professional animal health services for all farmers, (ii) review of the competence and role of veterinary pharmacies in selling antibiotics and (iii) adjustment of farming company animal health protocols towards more medically rational use of antibiotics.

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