scholarly journals “…Into the fighting ranks of the Revolutionary Communist Party”: Admission of Former Socialists to the RSDLP(b) – RCP(b) (1917-1924)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Morozova ◽  
Vladimir I. Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes one of the problems of inter-party interaction in Russia in 1917–1924, which was not studies either intentionally or occasionally by Russian or foreign scholars. The subject of the research is the admission of socialists, who quit other parties, to the RSDLP(b) - RCP(b): more specifically who resigned the membership of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (of Internationalists), Mensheviks, Right and Left wings of Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, Socialist-Revolutionaries-autonomists, Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists, Party of Revolutionary Communism, anarchists and so on. Based on the wide range of published materials, including data from the central and local periodicals, as well as unique archival sources that were added to the ever-growing aggregate of scientific knowledge for the first time, the article investigate, when, how and on what conditions former members of socialist parties (so-called “vykhodets”) were accepted for the RSDLP(b) – RCP(b) membership. The authors conclude that during 1917-1924 the conditions of admitting to Bolshevik Party changed crucially. At different moments, the Communist leadership solved different problems allowing former socialists to join the Bolshevik ranks. In 1917-1919 the admission of former socialists was initiated in order to rise the number of members of the RSDLP(b) - RCP(b), and the target audience mainly consisted of revolutionaries who had extensive experience in party and social work. After the October Revolution in 1917, the entering former members of the other parties to the Bolshevik party was considered as a tool of splitting and fragmentation of socialist parties and groups that were opponents and / or competitor for the Bolsheviks. Since the end of 1919, the admission of socialists to the RCP(b) had been gradually lost its significance as a source of recruiting and transformed mainly into an instrument for the destruction of the Mensheviks and Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, as well as a mechanism for the adoption and incorporation of small groups with socialist and communist orientation. Since 1921, the admission of former socialists to the RCP(b) actually ceased to play the role into the process of increasing membership, but became one of the most important implement of degrading and defeating the Mensheviks and Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries. From the beginning of 1924, it was used exclusively as a factor of discrediting the socialists.

A Conversation with Aliza Shvarts

October ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Emily Apter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rape Kits ◽  
Public Exhibition ◽  
Feminist Practice

Abstract Aliza Shvarts first came to widespread attention when her Untitled [Senior Thesis] (2008), consisting of a yearlong performance of self-induced miscarriages, was declared a “fiction” by Yale University and censored from public exhibition. That controversial work was on view for the first time in New York as part of her 2020 exhibition Purported at Art in General. It frames the areas of inquiry she has continued to explore: how the body means and matters and how the subject consents and dissents. In this in-depth conversation, Emily Apter and Aliza Shvarts discuss the exhibition and a wide range of topics relevant to contemporary feminist practice and thought: the genealogy of citation; the uses of theory; speech action; rape kits; nonconsensual collaboration; queer kinship; and memes.

Notes on the Types of English Villages and their Distribution

Antiquity ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Page
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Division I ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
Mountainous Country

Little has been done towards solving the problem of the Saxon settlement of England by studying the types of villages and their distribution. Professor Maitland saw the importance of the subject and pointed out how valuable in this respect was the ordnance map ‘that marvellous palimpsest which under Dr Meitzen's guidance we are beginning to decipher’. Helpful, however, as the ordnance maps are, they cannot be read alone, a knowledge of the archaeology, history and topography of the district under review is a necessary equipment for such an investigation. The remarks here made are tentative and are offered in the hope they may be an incentive to others with local knowledge to examine the evidence of their districts.Professor Maitland, following Dr. Meitzen and others, has adopted two main types of settlements, namely, the scattered or dispersed, and the nucleated or clustered. These two types probably comprehend all forms of settlements, but certainly the nucleated type and possibly the scattered type, show many variants which it may be well to indicate before a methodical study of the subject can be made. I have elsewhere suggested the following classification of English towns and villages which will no doubt require modification and amplification but may meet a want for a preliminary inquiry; (I) scattered or dispersed settlements, (2) nucleated or clustered settlements off lines of communication, (3) nucleated settlements on lines of communication, (4) ring-fence settlements, (5) towns with bridge heads and double towns, (6) towns of gridiron plan, (7) towns of spider's web plan, (8) Bastide towns. Except for the first of these classes all of them are nucleated or clustered, and to this wider division I propose to devote my attention. It may perhaps be pointed out, however, that the scattered or dispersed settlements occur chiefly in Wales and in the west and north of England. They are found throughout Cornwall, in Devon, Somerset and the open parts of the Welsh border counties, in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, and probably they are the origin of the great parishes with their numerous townships of the other northern counties. They were adapted for a pastoral people and are generally to be found in moorland or mountainous country which has become divided into large parishes. They consist of hamlets and single houses or small groups of houses scattered somewhat promiscuously throughout a district. The principal hamlet from which the settlement or parish takes its name-which was probably the meeting place of the district and where the church was eventually placed-was generally on high land or a main road and frequently at cross roads, bridges, or such like places of nodality.

REPLY BY AUTHORS TO DISCUSSION BY W. T. HIGDON

Geophysics ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Jagannadha Sarma ◽  
V. Bhaskara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Introductory Statement ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Broad Generalization

The introductory statement that “The electrical resistivity of a geological formation is a function of … (1) the amount of moisture and consequently of porosity; (2) salinity of the moisture; and (3) grain size of the formation” is intended as a broad generalization to include possible parameters affecting resistivity variations. Of these three parameters, only the influence of the amount of moisture on the electrical resistivity variations is the subject of the results reported. At the same time, the possible effects of the other two parameters have been taken into consideration in the control of experiments and discussion of results. Thus, at least three samples (2, 3, and 4) of known average grain sizes of 1.5, 0.75, and 0.37 mm are treated with five samples of water with a wide range of known salinities. By such a distribution, it is ensured that the electrical resistivity variations of the sample in a given run are due only to the varying water content. Corrections to the data required for representation are thus avoided.

Aeschylus

Classics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Torrance
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Prometheus Bound ◽  
Seven Against Thebes ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
First Time

Aeschylus (also spelled Aischylos or Aiskhylos) was born c. 525/4 bce to an aristocratic family in Eleusis, a town in western Attica, part of the territory controlled by Athens. He was one of the earliest tragic poets. He first entered a tragic competition c. 499 (dramatic competitions were introduced in the 530s bce ) and won first prize for the first time in 484. In the 470s he visited Sicily, where he was the guest of Hieron of Syracuse. He also died in Sicily (at Gela) in 456/5, during a visit after the production of his Oresteia in Athens in 458. During his lifetime and after his death he was celebrated as one of the finest, if not the finest Athenian tragic poet. He won thirteen victories at tragic competitions (see Theater and Staging) and was credited with having written between seventy and ninety plays. Only seven complete plays survive, all tragedies. Of these, three form a connected trilogy in which the three plays tell a single overarching plot: the Oresteia (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, Eumenides). Two more were parts of connected trilogies of which the other two plays are lost (Seven against Thebes and Suppliants). One formed part of a trilogy without any close connection to the other plays (Persians), and the authenticity of one is disputed (Prometheus Bound). In addition to his poetic achievement, ancient sources tell us that his epitaph recorded his resistance against the Persians at the battle of Marathon, when, in 490 bce, the Athenians and their allies drove back an attacking Persian horde of vastly superior numbers. It is also possible that Aeschylus fought in the naval battle at Salamis in 480 bce, another Greek victory over the Persians and the subject of his Persians.

Ultrastructure of the Celis of a Fish Tastebud

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Gary E. Korte
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Four types of specialized epithelial cells have been observed in the fish tastebud, within the capsule formed by the flattened epidermal cells. However, only two or three of these have been previously noted in any one species, including the glass catfish Kryptopterus bicirrhis, the subject of this investigation (1,2). For the first time, all four types of specialized cells have been observed,and an artifact of fixation relevant to the identification of these cell types has been uncovered.A single basal, or B cell lies on the basement membrane of the epidermis (Fig. 1). It makes many synapses with the afferent nerve plexus, which lies just above it. The other three cell types, designated S,L and T cells (Fig. 2A) are external to the nerve plexus, and only rarely make synapses onto nerves, confirming the observations of several other investigations.

Eff ectiveness of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Legislation as a Determinant for Asset Confi scation and Freezing Sanctions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Lucia Kurilovská ◽  
Marek Kordík
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Terrorism Financing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The paper deals with a  national risk assessment. The subject of  the risk assessment is money laundering and terrorism financing. This is the first time it has been conducted in the Slovak republic. The contribution shows what are the decisive criteria in evaluating the national system of anti-money laundering and terrorism financing. The  first variable that needs to be taken in account is measures examining the legal framework. The second variable is the institutional framework. The competency of personnel represents the third variable. The infrastructure creates the fourth variable in order to prevent, avoid and respond to such a threat. The other variables are strongly related to the effectiveness of the sanctions. The infrastructure belongs to the other variables. The contribution deals also with data sources and lists those that should be used as a source for further evaluation. The outcome of the NRA will be a comprehensive report.

Using a maze task to track lexical and sentence processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Successive Frame ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Alternatives

A word maze consists of a sequence of frames, each containing two alternatives. Subjects are required to select one of those alternatives according to some criterion defined by the experimenter. This simple technique can be used to investigate a wide range of issues. For example, if one alternative is a word and the other is a nonword, the subject may be required to press a key to indicate where the word is. This provides an interesting variant of the lexical decision task, since the difficulty of the lexical discrimination can be manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis by varying the properties of the nonword alternative. On the other hand, a version of a self-paced reading task is created if each successive frame contains a word that can continue a sentence, and the subject is required to identify which word that is. Once again, by manipulating the properties of the incorrect alternative one may be able to control the mode of processing adopted by the subject. Although this is a highly artificial form of reading, it does allow one to study the sentence processing under more tightly controlled conditions.

Developing Integrated Education Programmes for Occupational Therapy: The Problem of Subject Streams in a Problem-Based Course

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Educators

Much has been written in the past 15 years by medical educators on problem-based learning (PBL) in medical schools. The other health professions, such as occupational therapy, social work and nursing, have been slow in taking up the challenge and developing PBL programmes to suit their professional needs. The purpose of this article is to summarise previous developments and offer a schema for the preparation of curricula in occupational therapy. No schema for PBL has previously been published, so it is proposed that this attempt will be able to be adapted to a wide range of courses using the acknowledged educational concepts implicit in integrated, problem-based programmes.

ANALYSIS OF STIFFNESS VARIATIONS IN CONTEXT OF STRAIN-, STRESS-, AND ENERGY-CONTROLLED PROCESSES

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stress Energy ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Material ◽  
Test Control

Abstract In compounded material systems, such as rubber, a wide range of properties can be achieved by design. This flexibility poses a challenge–how to balance stiffness against other considerations, such as energy dissipation under dynamic loading, fatigue, etc. Negotiating this balance requires that adequate account be taken of how a given mechanical input (i.e., strain, stress, energy) is controlled, and how other mechanical outputs vary as the stiffness changes. We outline here a simple analysis by which these considerations can be managed. The analysis is based on a novel split of the elasticity law into work-conjugate parts: one representing generally that which is to be held constant, and the other representing that which occurs in reaction to imposed control. The split gives rise to a scalar parameter suitable for quantifying the degree to which a given 1D mechanical process is strain-, energy-, or stress-controlled. The physical sense of the parameter is illustrated through the example of a two-spring system, where one spring represents the subject material, and the other represents the mechanical environment in which the material operates. The example shows that the parameter concisely summarizes the effects of the environment on the operating conditions of the material. We also provide a simple example illustrating how the parameter can be used to rank the fatigue performance of a set of compounds, taking into account the stiffness and the test control mode.

scholarly journals The creative personality as a subject of culture in the paradigm dimensions of understanding

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Oljgha Ovcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Phenomenological Hermeneutics ◽  
Basic Activity ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Self ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essence of paradigmaticity, to determine the basic paradigm dimensions of cultural comprehension of the phenomenon of personality. The methodology of research consists in the application of synergetic, axiological, cultural-hermeneutic approaches and analytical, semiotic, phenomenological methods to comprehend the personality as a subject of culture, capable of representing universal cultural meanings, values and ideals through various forms of creative practices, choosing a personal vector of creative self-realization. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in the problem field of cultural studies on the basis of paradigmatic as a sign of modern postnonclassical humanitarianism is justified paradigm dimensions of comprehension of personality, based on discursiveness, multiple intellectual forms of scientific knowledge, as well as interpretive variability of artistic thinking. In the context of culturological comprehension of personality as a cultural subject universal paradigm dimensions are defined: interscientific, humanitarian, subject-value, activity-creative. Conclusions. Interscientific paradigmal dimension allows to systematize the directions of evolution of scientific views on the phenomenon of personality from the position of different spheres of scientific knowledge. Through humanitarian paradigmatic dimension the person is presented as a creative personality within phenomenological hermeneutics; in the context of discursive technologies of personality self-projection, the possession of which becomes an important condition of its successful creative self-realization. The creative personality in the context of the subject-value dimension acts as a bearer of cultural values as the works of spiritual culture. Culturological research of personality in its basic - activity-creative paradigmatic dimension allows to consider the creative personality through creative activity, on the basis of which reincarnation of the personality himself into the subject of culturecreativity takes place.

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