scholarly journals Images of Rulers and Warlords of Siberian Tatar Warriors on the “Brief Siberian Kungurian Chronicle” Miniatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Yuliy S. Khudyakov ◽  
Alisa Yu. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaign

Purpose. The article presents research of the images of Siberian Tatars’ leaders who were restoration adherents of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir, reproduced on miniatures of the Brief Siberian Kungurian Chronicle. Despite the drawings having been created a few decades after those lands, which had been part of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir, were annexed by the Czardom of Russia, these images very clearly illustrate representations of contemporaries of the appearance of Siberian Tatar rulers and warlords during the historical period of struggle for conservation of the Western Siberian steppe and forest-steppe lands as part of the Siberian Tatars’ State. These drawings represent depictions of significant historical episodes of connections between restoration adherents of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir with the Russian Cossacks and several Turkic and Mongolian people, who inherited contiguous steppe territories of the Central Asian historical and cultural region. Results. Certain historical events, illustrating an armed confrontation of Siberian Tatars, who supported Kuchum Khan in the struggle for conservation of the Siberian Tatars’ State, against military troops of the Oirats and Nogais are considered and analyzed. The studied images can serve as an important informative pictorial source on history of accession of former possessions of the Tatar Khanate of Sibir to the Russian State. It is highly probable that several artists took part in creating this set of drawings, depicting the primary events of the Western Siberian military campaign of the Cossacks’ troop, led by ataman Yermak. This argument is supported by certain stylistic differences between several drawings, included in the Brief Siberian Kungurian Chronicle. For the last years these drawings have been repeatedly published, facilitating their focused scientific study. Results. Despite the considered drawings having been created much later than the events depicted on them, they serve as an important informative source on the history of the Western Siberian campaign of the Cossacks’ troop, led by ataman Yermak. Conclution. These drawings provide a clear overview of many historical events which took place during that period.

scholarly journals Economic History in the Topics of Dissertation Research in Russia (1991–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Bakanov ◽  
Ivan A. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library

Introduction. This article deals with the subject of thesis in the direction of “Economic history”, which were prepared and defended in Russia in the post-Soviet period (1991–2019). The dissolution of the Soviet Union is getting rid of research from ideological clichés, which made the topic of economic history relevant and in demand. Materials and Methods. On the basis of the e-catalog of authors’ abstracts of the Russian State Library, the database “Dissertations on economic history of the late XX – early XXI centuries” was formed. The bibliographic information about the authors’ abstracts became the formal attributes of the described database. The analytical units were the attributes of the “geographical range”, “chronological frame” and “research problem”. Results. The analysis of the database showed that during the entire period were formed stable trends scientific subdirectories within the frame of economic history (history of industry, history of agriculture, history of entrepreneurship, history of banks, etc.), and in maintaining the status of leading research centers. The historical period from the second half of the XIX to the first half of the XX centuries attracts the main attention of the authors of thesis on economic history. Discussion and Conclusion. A quantitative analysis of the dynamic of thesis defenses showed a decline in the interest of authors of thesis in the problems of economic history in the 2010s. The key factors of this decline were changes in the requirements to thesis. Nevertheless, the authors believe that the direction of “economic history” has a potential to overcome designated problems.

scholarly journals “An Actor Is a Priest in Buffoon’s Clothes”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-289
Author(s):  
Marina S. Krutova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Different Levels

The article raises the actual questions: if the theater can be Christian and who in that case the actor is — “a priest” or “a buffoon”. The purpose of this article is to consider the issue of “Christian theater” at different levels: historical, psychological, social. The article analyzes the issues of actors’ personalities formation and their religious sear­ches. There are considered the conditions of Christian upbringing in families and faith preservation in the complex historical period of the Russian history of the late 19th — mid-20th century. The no­velty of this study lies in the fact that it introduces into scientific circulation little-known manuscript materials stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library: 44 autobiographies of recognized actors, which were published in 1928 in edited form by the writer V.G. Lidin; as well as some other unpublished documents. The sources show that actors brought up on Christian ideals followed them in their work, despite the difficult conditions of socio-political life in the country. Among them are well-known actors of the Moscow Art Theater, Moscow Art Academic Theater, State Academic Maly Thea­ter, Vsevolod Meyerhold State Theater, Bolshoi Drama Theater, Vakhtangov State Academic Theater (and others): V. Kachalov, I. Ilyinsky, R. Apollonsky, L. Vivyen, G. Ge, A Koonen, A. Orochko, G. Martynova and other masters. The article also uses some little-known writings of the actors, their questionnaires on the psychology of acting, photographs, as well as manuscripts and published memoirs of their contemporaries (E.D. Golovinskaya, E.A. Korotneva, V.D. Markov, Yu. Panich), allowing to consider the issue of “Christian theater” from different sides.

scholarly journals Causes and Results of Subjection of Central Asian Khanates to the Russian Empire (1860—1890s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
I. I. Aminov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Armed Intervention

The Russian Federation being currently a regional leader in strengthening Eurasian integration, it is necessary to remove contradictions concerning the interpretation of the history of Central Asia’s accedence 1 to the Russian Empire. Thus, it is indisputable that it was the Russian Empire that played a key role in the transition of the peoples of the Central Asian region, on the territory of which there were three major states — Bukhara Emirate, Kokand and Khiva Khanates, to a new level of civilizational, state and legal development.The paper not only touches upon the reasons, nature of the accession of the Central Asian states to the Russian Empire, but it also carries out a comprehensive analysis of the internal- and foreign-policy situation during the historical period under consideration. The totality of the circumstances makes it possible to answer the following questions: whether the Russian Empire under those conditions had an alternative to armed intervention; whether that intervention was carried out in accordance with the national interests of the peoples of Russia and Central Asia; what changes in the form of governance took place in Central Asian States after they lost political independence.

Additions to the attribution of archival documents of the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library

2020 ◽  
pp. 493-518
Author(s):  
Marina I. Shcherbakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Greek Letter ◽  
Handwritten Documents ◽  
Famous People ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Library

The issue of significance of attribution for establishing the history of the creation of handwritten documents is discussed in the article using the examples of a copy of the working note of Saint Theophan the Recluse «Reservations in the book “Orthodox Worshipers in Jerusalem” » (1858) from the archive of the Russian Saint Panteleimon Monastery; made by Andrey Murav’yov as a translation of the Greek letter of Archimandrite Joasaph (1851), rector of the Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas in Palestine; letters from nun Leonida (worldly Yelizaveta Obukhova), the female treasurer of convent of Saints Boris and Gleb in the hamlet of Anosino, to Archbishop Leonid (worldly Lev Krasnopevkov) and to his elder sister Nun Leonida (worldly Yekaterina Ushakova); and also letters to Archbishop Leonid from the two clerics both named Nafanail — Archimandrite Nafanail (worldly Gavriil Nektarov) and Archbishop Nafanail (worldly Nikolay Savchenko). Amendments, clarifications and important additions are made to the existing attribution of these documents based on the results of the investigations undertaken. Various methods of attribution — an analysis of the content of the source, of its culturally historical features, stylistic features, references to historical events, to the realities of life, to famous people — are demonstrated. The close association of attribution with the dating of the archive document, which in many cases helps to establish both the author and the addressee of the source, is revealed. The practical demand for attribution results is convincingly reasoned.

History of the Central Asian commercial bank (1881−1911)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Alimdjanov ◽  
Shokhrukh Choriev ◽  
Timur Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

In the article, on the basis of documents of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) that have not been previously introduced into scientific circulation, the activities of N. I. Ivanov, a famous merchant of the second half of the 19th century in the Turkestan General Government, which became rich on military supplies to the Russian army during the period of conquests in Central Asia is given. For the first time in Russian historiography, the functioning of the Central Asian Commercial Bank (1881-1911) - the first commercial bank in Russian Turkestan, founded by N. I. Ivanov. The activity of private financial institutions in Central Asia is analyzed.

scholarly journals The Kyrgyz Anti-Islamic Mission of the Orenburg Diocese (1890s to early 20th century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-809
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Lysenko ◽  
Marina N. Efimenko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Financing ◽  
The Russian Empire

As a contribution to the history of the institutional development of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Central Asian parts of the Russian Empire, the present article analyzes the emergence of missionary structures in the Orenburg diocese. The research is based on a wide range of administrative documents of the Orenburg diocese (preserved in the State Archive of the Orenburg region), and on materials published in the Orenburg Diocesan Gazette. The contribution explores the reasons for the creation of the regional Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society and the Kyrgyz Mission, and identifies the stages of their activities. It also highlights the features of the organization of Orthodox missionary work among the Kazakhs of the Urals and Turgay regions. The authors argue that Orthodox missionary work in the Steppe was meant to exclude the Kazakhs from the ongoing all-Russian Muslim consolidation. The strategy that the Russian state chose to control regions with a dense inorodtsy (non-Russians) population was acculturation, to control the respective populations by inclu- ding them into the cultural and religious Russian-Orthodox space. On the spot, however, the officials of the Kyrgyz Mission faced a whole range of obstacles, including particular attitudes of the Kazakhs about aspects of the Christian dogma. Also, there was already well-funded Islamic missionary work in the Ural and Turgai steppes. The Orthodox parish system remained weak, and state financing of missionary work was considered insufficient. The resettlement of peasants into the region required that employees of the Kirghiz mission changed their emphasis from missionary work to the ordinary duties of parish priests. All this allows the authors to conclude that the efficiency of Orthodox missionary structures among the Kazakhs of the Orenburg diocese was low.

THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL JUSTICE IN RUSSIA BEFORE THE ERA OF THE GREAT REFORMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тимур Султанович Габазов ◽  
Аюб Бисланович Сулейманов
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Legal Origin ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Important Basis

В настоящей статье рассматривается историко-правовое зарождение гражданского судопроизводства в России. Затрагивается важнейшая сфера научного исследования процессов формирования судебных органов и судейского сообщества в России в целом. Предельно точно указаны временные отрезки наиболее значимых и ключевых изменений происходивших в судопроизводстве в тот или иной исторический период Российского государства. А также акцентируется внимание на необходимости изучения данных явлений, так как они могут стать важной основной для дальнейшего развития гражданского судопроизводства в России. This article examines the historical and legal origin of civil proceedings in Russia. The most important area of scientific research of the processes of formation of judicial bodies and the judicial community in Russia as a whole is touched upon. The time periods of the most significant and key changes that took place in legal proceedings in a particular historical period of the Russian state are indicated with extreme precision. It also focuses on the need to study these phenomena, since they can become an important basis for the further development of civil proceedings in Russia.

scholarly journals Local self-government as a constitutional value: from the origins to the current state

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Oleg Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws

July 6, 2021 dates 30 years since the appearance of the first law on local self-government in the modern history of Russia. Over the past period, the Russian state and the Russian legal system have undergone a difficult path to modernization of the legislation on local self-government and its approbation to actual reality. During this historical period, Russian Federation adopted the Constitution, the text of which was significantly transformed in 2020; local self-government, in addition to the mentioned law of 1991, incorporated all the «joys and hardships» from the federal laws «On General Principles of the organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation» of 1995 and 2003. This article presents a comparative legal analysis of certain provisions of federal laws on local selfgovernment, which have been regulating for 30 years at the level of the federal legislator the issues of local self-government in the Russian Federation as one of the fundamental constitutional values of modern democratic states. The author makes a disappointing conclusion that the named constitutional value has been significantly changed both in form and content over the past historical period of the development of the Russian statehood. This predetermined the situation of «crisis» of the current state of local self-government in the Russian Federation and the possibility of its «dissolution» with the emergence of a constitutional category «a unified system of public power».

scholarly journals Relations between the ancient Turks and the Yenisei Kyrgyz at the turn of the early Middle Ages (ancient Turks at the turn of the early Middle Ages)

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Khudyakov ◽  
A. Yu. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Chinese Empire ◽  
Vast Territory

It is represented in an article the history of the Turks till the second half of the 1st millennium A.D., from migration period out of Central Asian steppes to boundaries of the Chinese empire and their resettlement to the Altai Mountains, when the Old Turkic state was at its greatest height, took control the number of sedentary agriculturist oases and successfully confronted the major powers of that time - Chinese Persian and Byzantine empires. Throughout the vast territory of the Sayan and Altai Mountains and Central Asian region there are represented all major types of funerary and memorial constructions of the Old Turks, which constitutes burial places according to the ritual of inhumation accompanied by riding horses or rams and memorial complexes in the form of vertically dug stone plates fences with vertically fixed stone steles. Authors of the article consider designated historical period of the Old Turkic history from the perspective of interaction of the Old Turks and Kyrgyz, who resided in the territory of Minusinsk Hollow. Mutual relations between those two peoples took various forms in different times: unabashedly hostile passively feudatory, when the Yenisei Kyrgyz preferred not to show pure resistance to the Turks. However, such instability of their own position has not disturbed the Kyrgyz to expand the range of their own vassals.

scholarly journals THE FIRMANS OF NADIR-SHAH AFSHAR IN THE NAME OF KAYTAG UTSMIY AHMAD-KHAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-263
Author(s):  
Patimat M. Alibekova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
National Library ◽  
Good Source ◽  
White Spots ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
Shed Light

The article presents epistolary sources in Persian from the Dagestan collection of firmans of Persian shahs in the name of the Kaitag utsmis. At the Institute of history, archaeology and Ethnography of DFRC RAS stored microfilms of these firmans received from the National library of France, where utsmic collection hit in the second half of the ХΙХ century. Copies of the firmans of Persian shahs in the name of Kaitag utsmis exist in the libraries of Georgia. They are published by the Georgian scientists with the typed texts and translation in Georgian and Russian languages. A comparative analysis of the documents revealed that the Georgian collection is fuller than the Paris collection, there are copies made by different katibs in the collections, and there are textual discrepancies and discrepancies in the Dating of firmans. We present in this article a facsimile of the firmans of Nadir Shah addressed to one of the most influential Dagestani rulers of the XVΙΙΙ century Kaitag utsmiy Ahmad-khan, and provide their contents with appropriate comments. Firmans have informative value, serve as a good source base for studying the complex, contradictory historical period, containing a lot of white spots in the history of the Nadir Shah wars in Dagestan. The documents have high scientific value and shed light on the policy of Nadir Shah in the territories under his control, on historical events related to the struggle of the Dagestani peoples for liberation from vassalage, and the policy of the Dagestani rulers. For several years, there was a struggle between the Dagestani highlanders and the Shah of Iran. The final victory over Nadir Shah was won only when the combined forces of the Avars, Kaitag people, akushins, kumukhs, Tabasarans, and all Dagestani peoples took part in the fight against the enemy in Andalal. Firmans convey the atmosphere of historical events, threats against recalcitrant mountaineers are heard more often, the tone of Nadir's letters, promising endless Shah's favors in exchange for submission, is replaced by a menacing, sometimes offensive one. 

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